From 14cf079cd1101e79f6d19ae22aad1d99611814f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: peter-boot Date: Wed, 1 Sep 2021 11:44:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] icon for sources, link from sources --- edition source code/createhtml.xsl | 33 +- edition source code/isidore.js | 78 +++-- pics/open-book.svg | 97 ++++++ xml/Isidore.xml | 540 +++++++++++++++-------------- 4 files changed, 451 insertions(+), 297 deletions(-) create mode 100644 pics/open-book.svg diff --git a/edition source code/createhtml.xsl b/edition source code/createhtml.xsl index c152c3f..8554526 100644 --- a/edition source code/createhtml.xsl +++ b/edition source code/createhtml.xsl @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ - + @@ -368,11 +368,11 @@ - + - + @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@

- + @@ -448,7 +448,19 @@ Language: - + + + + + + + + Source: + + + + + @@ -552,7 +564,7 @@ - + @@ -583,7 +595,12 @@ (occurs: - + + + openhash(); + + + , @@ -752,7 +769,7 @@ - globalThis.useraction = true; gotolemma(' + globalThis.useraction = true; gotochapgloss(' ',true); g diff --git a/edition source code/isidore.js b/edition source code/isidore.js index e1b08fe..0645738 100644 --- a/edition source code/isidore.js +++ b/edition source code/isidore.js @@ -7,45 +7,51 @@ window.onhashchange = function(){ // handling back and forward buttons if (globalThis.useraction) { globalThis.useraction = false; } else { - switch (true) { - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#left-')): - openlefttab(window.location.hash.substring(6),'',false) - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#right-')): - win = window.location.hash.substring(7); - if (document.getElementById(win).style.display == "none"){ - openisitab(win,false); - } - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#network-')): - if (document.getElementById('network').style.display == "none"){ - openisitab('network',false) + openhash(); + } +} + +function openhash() { + switch (true) { + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#left-')): + openlefttab(window.location.hash.substring(6),'',false) + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#right-')): + win = window.location.hash.substring(7); + if (document.getElementById(win).style.display == "none"){ + openisitab(win,false); + } + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#network-')): + if (document.getElementById('network').style.display == "none"){ + openisitab('network',false) + } + win = window.location.hash.substring(9); + if (globalThis.networktype != win) { + setTimeout(function () { + creategraph(win,true,false)},250); } - win = window.location.hash.substring(9); - if (globalThis.networktype != win) { - setTimeout(function () { - creategraph(win,true,false)},250); - } - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#msdesc-')): - openlefttab('msdesc','',false); - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#msstats-')): - openlefttab('msstats','',false); - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#glossms-')): - openmsgloss(window.location.hash.substring(9), false) - break; - case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#gg_L')): - t1 = window.location.hash.substring(5); - t2 = t1.substring(0,t1.indexOf('.')); - chap = romanize(parseInt(t2)); - gotolemma(chap); - break; - } + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#msdesc-')): + openlefttab('msdesc','',false); + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#msstats-')): + openlefttab('msstats','',false); + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#glossms-')): + openmsgloss(window.location.hash.substring(9), false) + break; + case (window.location.hash.startsWith('#gg_L')): + t1 = window.location.hash.substring(5); + t2 = t1.substring(0,t1.indexOf('.')); + chap = romanize(parseInt(t2)); + openchapgloss(chap); + break; } } + + window.onload = function () { currmss = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(msslist)); currclust = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(clustlist)); @@ -369,7 +375,7 @@ function openmsgloss(msid,sethash) { openisitab('manuscripts',sethash) } -function gotolemma(chap){ +function openchapgloss(chap){ if (document.getElementById('gloss'+chap) == null){ fetch('htmlfrag/gloss' + chap + '.html').then(function (response) { return response.text(); diff --git a/pics/open-book.svg b/pics/open-book.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16bb296 --- /dev/null +++ b/pics/open-book.svg @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/xml/Isidore.xml b/xml/Isidore.xml index 7e9b5d8..d92f703 100644 --- a/xml/Isidore.xml +++ b/xml/Isidore.xml @@ -3528,28 +3528,28 @@
INTRODUCTION

The Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville (d. 636) was the most - important medieval Latin encyclopaedic work. In the early Middle Ages in - particular, it was the only widely known encyclopaedic work in the Latin West and - as such attained notable popularity documented by the survival of more than 470 - early medieval manuscripts transmitting this text in full or partially. - Approximately fifteen of the surviving pre-1000 codices of the - Etymologiae contain at least 100 glosses and there are - additional codices with smaller amounts of marginalia. Altogether, the - Etymologiae attracted over 6,800 glosses in the first three - hundred years of its circulation (Steinova, forthcoming).

-

These glosses do not appear uniformly across Isidore’s encyclopaedia, which covers - diverse topics, from the Seven Liberal Arts, medicine and law, to precious stones, + important medieval Latin encyclopaedic work. In the early Middle Ages, in + particular, it was the only widely known encyclopaedic work in the Latin West, + attaining notable popularity documented by the survival of more than 470 early + medieval manuscripts transmitting this text in full or partially. Approximately + fifteen of the surviving pre-1000 codices of the Etymologiae + contain at least 100 glosses, while additional codices transmit smaller amounts of + marginalia. Altogether, the Etymologiae attracted over 6,800 + glosses in the first three hundred years of its circulation (Steinova, + forthcoming).

+

Glosses do not appear uniformly across Isidore’s encyclopaedia, covering diverse + topics, from the Seven Liberal Arts, medicine and law, to precious stones, insects, games, and footwear. Glosses tend to be concentrated in specific sections, indicating that the glossing of the Etymologiae was topic-driven rather than a matter of continuous reading or study. The concentration of glosses in one or more of the twenty books, into which the - Etymologiae are divided, reveals uncannily what specific + Etymologiae are divided reveals uncannily what specific interests animated glossators in different places, times, and contexts. In this manner, we can see that the early medieval annotators were most often interest in - book I of the Etymologiae dedicated to the discipline of grammar – - it received approximately 4,280 glosses, or almost two-thirds of the total - attested in the early Middle Ages. The following digital scholarly edition is an - attempt to critically present the corpus of these 4,280 early medieval annotations + the book I of the Etymologiae dedicated to the discipline of + grammar – it received approximately 4,280 glosses or almost two-thirds of the + total attested in the early Middle Ages. The following digital scholarly edition + is an attempt to critically present the corpus of these early medieval annotations to the first book of the Etymologiae. It accounts for 53 annotated manuscripts of the first book of the Etymologiae, containing anything from one to over 750 glosses.

@@ -3557,20 +3557,20 @@ to a single manuscript or several textually related codices, many of the glosses to the first book can be found in multiple manuscripts suggesting a degree of circulation. Indeed, when the patterns of sharing of glosses between manuscripts - is probed, one can discover clusters – stable micro-collections of glosses that - seem to have been transmitted together. More importantly, these manuscripts are - often not related philologically. This pattern of transmission is consistent with + are probed, one can discover clusters – small collections of glosses that seem to + have been transmitted together. More importantly, manuscripts that share glosses + are often not related philologically. This transmission pattern is consistent with what we know about the use of the first book of the Etymologiae in - Carolingian schools and suggests that glosses to this book were a product of - school engagement. Their circulation seems at least to some extent to reflect the - relationships between schools in the Carolingian realm, as well as the broader + Carolingian schools. It suggests that glosses to this book were a product of + school engagement. Their circulation seems, at least to some extent, to reflect + the relationships between schools in the Carolingian realm and the broader exchange of books, people, and teaching material between various early medieval institutions.

WHAT IS A GLOSS?

While it may seem that glosses do not need to be defined, the material presented - in this edition poses many problems that are well-known to those studying medieval + in this edition poses many problems well-known to those studying medieval marginalia. Above all, the term 'gloss' is functional, not a descriptive category, as it implies an interpretative relationship to the main text (i.e., a gloss comments on, explains, or renders a passage in a different language). What counts @@ -3582,80 +3582,79 @@ tabs/summaries/indices, annotation symbols, secondary additions and interpolations. Medieval annotators rarely thought of their activity in the same fashion as modern scholars do. They were most often motivated by making a certain - manuscript more useful or improving its contents rather than trying to comment on - a text. Indeed, medieval annotators may not have wished to distinguish between - glosses and other categories of marginalia. This certainly seems to be the rule in - the manuscripts of the Etymologiae, in which glosses appear - indistinguishable from other types of marginalia in palaeographically homogeneous - layers. They often lack the telltale attributes, such as being introduced by one - of the formulaic abbreviations: i. for id est, s. for - scilicet, and sb. or sub. for + manuscript more useful or improving its contents rather than by leaving behind a + commentary for the posterity. Indeed, medieval annotators may not have wished to + distinguish between glosses and other categories of marginalia. This certainly + seems to be the rule in the manuscripts of the Etymologiae, in which glosses + appear indistinguishable from other types of marginalia in palaeographically + homogeneous layers. They often lack the telltale attributes, such as being + introduced by formulaic abbreviations: i. for id est, s. + for scilicet, and sb. or sub. for subaudi. The making of this edition, thus, entailed taking certain decisions about which textual elements appearing in the margin to - interpret as glosses and which categories of marginalia to include or exclude. - While corrections, variant readings and marginal tabs/summaries/indices were + interpret as glosses and which categories of marginalia to include or exclude.

+

While corrections, variant readings and marginal tabs/summaries/indices were excluded, it was not always possible to distinguish these categories of marginalia from glosses. The distinction sometimes depends on the shape of the glossed text and, therefore, on the decisions made by its editors, as can be gleaned from the comparison of Lindsay's 1991 and Spevak's 2020 editions of book I of the - Etymologiae. To give just one example, the text of Etym. - I 7.2 in Lindsay's edition reads: Cognomen, quia nomini coniungitur, ut + Etymologiae. To give just one example, the text of Etym. I 7.2 + in Lindsay's edition reads: Cognomen, quia nomini coniungitur, ut Scipio; while Spevak's edition rather reads: Cognomen, quia nomini coniungitur, ut Scipio Africanus. Indeed, some of the manuscripts examined for this edition add the word Africanus above the word Scipio. If one chooses Lindsay's edition as a base text, we can understand this addition as a gloss. However, from the perspective of Spevak's edition, it is rather a - correction. From the perspective of a medieval scribe, such a distinction probably - did not matter.

+ correction. Moreover, even when making this distinction, we should remember that + it would probably make little sense to a medieval scribe.

A different problem is posed by the tendency of marginalia to move from the margins into the main text block and blending into the main text. This 'gloss - drift' is particularly pronounced in the case of the glosses to the - Etymologiae, as can be demonstrated particularly clearly - on the example of the famous Scholia Vallicelliana (which, - however, do not appear in book I and therefore do not feature in this edition). As - we know today, this set of annotations to the Etymologiae - began its life as personal annotations made by the great Carolingian scholar Paul - the Deacon (Villa 1984). They survive as marginalia only in a single 12th-century - manuscript: Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, A 18. Some of the scholia are also - preserved in earlier manuscripts, however, only as interpolations integrated into - the main text of the Etymologiae and only extremely - fragmented. If it was not for the Vallicelli manuscript, we would not have the - crucial insight into their nature and origin.

+ drift' is particularly pronounced in the corpus of the glosses to the + Etymologiae, as can be demonstrated on the example of the famous + Scholia Vallicelliana (which, however, do not appear in + the book I and therefore do not feature in this edition). As we know today, this + set of annotations to the Etymologiae began its life as personal + annotations made by the great Carolingian scholar Paul the Deacon (Villa 1984). + They survive as marginalia in a single 12th-century manuscript: Rome, Biblioteca + Vallicelliana, A 18. Some of the scholia are also preserved in earlier + manuscripts, however, only as interpolations integrated into the main text of the + Etymologiae and only extremely fragmented. If it were not for + the Vallicelli manuscript, we would lack crucial insights into their nature and + origin, and we would probably not think of them as fossilized annotations.

In other cases, we have no way to determine whether particular additions to the - text of the Etymologiae began their existence as - annotations that made it into the main text block due to the 'gloss drift', or as - interpolations inserted in the margin because of the lack of space. Such a - distinction may, in fact, be superficial as it was not relevant to medieval - 'elaborators' of manuscripts of the Etymologiae. This is - the case with passages from the anonymous treatise De - vitiis that appear in some manuscripts as marginalia and in others - as integrated interpolations in Etym. I 34 and 36 (which, as far as they appear as - marginalia, are reproduced in this edition). It is also true for some of the - lengthier annotations/interpolations that appear in manuscripts both in the - margins and integrated in the main text (e.g., the commentary on Phoenicians in - Etym. I 3.5, and the addition of a perfective aspect of a verb in Etym. I - 9.3).

-

In yet other cases, we find that the text of certain manuscripts contain variants - that resemble glosses in their form because they are introduced by the typical - formulas (id est, scilicet, - subaudi) or because they provide a word-for-word - explanation of a preceding word or phrase. While they do not appear as marginalia - in any of the early medieval manuscripts, there are good reasons to thinks these - had been glosses that moved from margin into the main text and survive only in - this integrated form. Frequently, this fossilization is an indication of the old - age of integrated glosses. Two identifiable examples include the glosses - id est cola et commata to Etym. I 39.2 and - hoc est fortium to Etym. I 39.10. Both survive today - integrated in the main text in a small number of manuscripts, making it plausible - that they originated as glosses.

-

The edited text of the first book of the Etymologiae - contains several passages that resemble integrated glosses in form (they are - introduced by the typical formulas) and function (they explain a preceding word or - phrase). These passages may not be original to Isidore, but rather may be cases of - very old fossilized glosses that became embedded so early in the text of Isidore's - encyclopaedia that they now survive in most or almost all of the oldest copies of - the Etymologiae.

+ text of the Etymologiae began their existence as annotations that + made it into the main text block due to the 'gloss drift', or as interpolations + inserted in the margin because of the lack of space. Such a distinction may, in + fact, be superficial as it was not relevant to medieval readers of the + Etymologiae. This is the case with passages from the anonymous + treatise De vitiis that appear in some manuscripts as + marginalia and in others as integrated interpolations in Etym. I 34 and 36. It is + also true for some of the lengthier annotations/interpolations that appear in + manuscripts both in the margins and integrated into the main text (e.g., the + commentary on Phoenicians in Etym. I 3.5, and the addition of a perfective aspect + of a verb in Etym. I 9.3).

+

In other cases, we find that the text of certain manuscripts contain variants that + resemble glosses in their form because they are introduced by the typical formulas + (id est, scilicet) or because + they provide a word-for-word explanation of a preceding word or phrase. While they + do not appear as marginalia in any of the early medieval manuscripts, the fact + that they survive today integrated into the main text in a small number of + manuscripts provides a good reason to think that these had been glosses that moved + from the margin into the main text and survive only in this integrated form. Two + identifiable examples include the glosses id est cola et + commata to Etym. I 39.2 and hoc est fortium + to Etym. I 39.10.

+

Frequently, fossilization in the main text indicates the old age of integrated + glosses, which originated in the centuries from which no or few witnesses survive. + In this regard, it can be pointed out that the edited text of the first book of + the Etymologiae contains several passages that resemble integrated + glosses in form (they are introduced by the typical formulas) and function (they + explain a preceding word or phrase). We should, therefore, be open to the + possibility that these passages may not be original to Isidore but rather may be + cases of very old fossilized glosses that became embedded so early in the text of + Isidore's encyclopaedia that they now survive in most or almost all of the oldest + copies of the Etymologiae.

NETWORK AS A MODEL FOR A DIGITAL SCHOLARLY EDITION @@ -3663,36 +3662,36 @@ the corpus of early medieval glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae systematically, in its entirety, and provides a critical framework through which it can be read, analyzed, and engaged with. The - critical framework in this case is not based on the genealogical method connected - with the name of the German philologue Karl Lachmann. The fluid, non-linear, and - polygenic character of the glosses as well as the complex nature of their + critical framework, in this case, is not based on the genealogical method + connected with the name of the German philologue Karl Lachmann. The fluid, + non-linear, and polygenic character of the glosses and the complex nature of their transmission (not only by copying from an exemplar to a copy, but also orally and - perhaps after being long retained in memory) does not allow for it. The users of + perhaps after being long retained in memory) do not allow for it. The users of this edition will, thus, not note that the edited text of the glosses is not accompanied by an apparatus criticus. Rather, the editor of this corpus chose an alternative critical framework for the presentation of the material, namely as a network that represents the patterns of relationship and similarity among the witnesses. In this framework, several entities (manuscript witnesses, clusters of glosses transmitted together, and chapters of the first - book of the Etymologiae) appear as nodes, while glosses that are - common to multiple of these entities appear as edges that connect them. In this - manner, the users of the edition can access the corpus from several different - angles and also simultaneously view it in its entirety and dissected into its many - constituent entities (clusters, layers of glosses in particular witnesses, and - individual glosses).

+ book of the Etymologiae) appear as nodes. Glosses that are common + to multiple of these entities appear as edges that connect them. In this manner, + the users of the edition can access the corpus from several different angles and + simultaneously view it in its entirety and dissected into its many constituent + entities (clusters, layers of glosses in particular witnesses, and individual + glosses).

The three network visualization modes around which this edition is built can be activated through the 'Networks' section following this introduction. The users - are invited to engage with the edition not only through browsing the chapters and - glosses in the left and right panels, but also through adjusting the network + are invited to engage with the edition not only by browsing the chapters and + glosses in the left and right panels but also through adjusting the network visualizations and right-clicking on their constituent elements (nodes and edges). The network visualization modes have three functions: to visualize the relationships between the text of the book I of the Etymologiae, layers of annotation as they survive in manuscripts, and clusters of glosses as they may have been transmitted in the Middle Ages; - to provide an access to the complex and non-linear material, since both - the nodes and edges displayed can be clicked on to open a corresponding - textual entity; and + to provide access to the complex and non-linear material, since both the + nodes and edges displayed can be clicked on to open a corresponding textual + entity; and to guide the analysis of the edited material with the help of filters and layouts. @@ -3701,15 +3700,16 @@

THE TEXT DISPLAY

The glosses are presented against a base text provided by the critical edition of - the Etymologiae of Wallace Martin Lindsay as reproduced by - The Latin Library:

+ the Etymologiae of Wallace Martin Lindsay as reproduced by The Latin + Library:

W. M. Lindsay, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1911). -

The Latin Library digital text was corrected for small errors. Some corrections, - punctuation and layout, and the overview of sources of the main text were adopted - from the more recent edition of Olga Spevak:

+

The Latin Library digital text was corrected for small errors. In addition, some + corrections, punctuation and layout, and the overview of sources of the main text + were adopted from the more recent edition of Olga Spevak:

O. Spevak, Isidorus Hispalensis. Etymologiae I/Isidore de Séville. Étymologies, livre I: La grammaire (Paris, @@ -3722,23 +3722,23 @@ clicked on to open the corresponding panel with glosses in the right panel of the edition.

As Lindsay's (rather than more recent Spevak's) edition of the - Etymologiae was chosen as a basis for this edition, the - edition retains square brackets where they were placed by Lindsay to mark - additions proper to certain families. Moreover, it also contains additional - passages presented in square brackets. These correspond to readings found only in - certain witnesses. These readings are represented in the edition only as far as - these readings attracted glosses. In case a manuscript provides a variant reading - relevant for the edition for which a parallel exists in the text of Lindsay's - edition or several manuscripts contain variant readings to the same passage, these - readings all appear in the same square brackets separated by //. A special case is - Etym I 17.7 (the passage about the metrical foot anapest), where I chose to - include several variant readings even if they do not contain glosses. The edition - users can see whether a particular passage appearing in square brackets is - presented thus in Lindsay's edition or appears in specific witnesses examined in - this digital edition by hovering their mouse above a given passage.

+ Etymologiae was chosen as a basis for this edition, the edition + retains square brackets where Lindsay placed them to mark additions proper to + certain families. Moreover, it also contains additional passages presented in + square brackets not found in Lindsay’s text. These correspond to readings found + only in certain witnesses. These readings are represented in the edition only as + far as these readings attracted glosses. If a manuscript provides a variant + reading relevant for the edition for which a parallel exists in the text of + Lindsay's edition or several manuscripts contain variant readings to the same + passage, these readings all appear in the same square brackets separated by //. A + special case is Etym I 17.7 (metrical foot anapest), where I chose to include + several variant readings even if they do not contain glosses. The edition users + can see whether a particular passage appearing in square brackets is presented + thus in Lindsay's edition or appears in specific witnesses examined in this + digital edition by hovering their mouse above a given passage.

Words and passages presented in italics correspond to citations and examples taken from sources. These sources can be viewed by hovering with a mouse above the words - in italics.

+ rendered in italics.

THE GLOSS DISPLAY @@ -3746,11 +3746,11 @@ the right panel by clicking on one of the two 'Glosses' tabs on top of it. They can be viewed either as they appear in all of the witnesses to the text of a specific chapter ('Glosses (chapter)') or as they appear across all chapters in a - specific witness ('Glosses (manuscripts)'). The users can, moreover, change which + specific witness ('Glosses (manuscripts)'). Moreover, the users can change which glosses are displayed in the right panel of the edition by adjusting the filter in - the 'Glosses (chapter)' tab and by choosing to remove the isolated glosses (see + the 'Glosses (chapter)' tab and choosing to remove the isolated glosses (see below).

-

Each gloss is associated to a lemma that is provided with a unique identifier. +

Each gloss is associated with a lemma that is provided with a unique identifier. This identifier can be used to refer back to both the lemmata and glosses. The lemmata are displayed next to the identifier in red, while the glosses attached to this lemma appear underneath it, preceded by the siglum of a manuscript in which @@ -3759,7 +3759,7 @@ manuscript) or shared (i.e., they appear in multiple manuscripts). If shared, glosses are assigned to one of the 34 clusters identified by a letter siglum and a colour and given a weight (displayed as w=1-4). The weight of a gloss reflects its - (non-)triviality: + (non-)triviality: w=1: a very trivial gloss, which could have been and likely was coined multiple times independently (e.g., completes an ellipsis in a sentence); @@ -3769,34 +3769,43 @@ times, but rather its appearance among shared glosses points to a transmission; w=4: very non-trivial gloss, which cannot be considered coined multiple - times and therefore clearly reflect transmission. + times and therefore clearly reflects a true philological + relationship.

Since the orthography of the glosses to the first book of the - Etymologiaeis inconsistent, it was standardized in this - edition using Lewis's and Short's Latin Dictionary (Oxford, - 1879). The standardization was motivated primarily by the need for an automated - comparison of glosses in the context of this editorial project. It will also - hopefully benefit those, who would like to use the raw data behind this edition - for future automated processing. For the same reason of inconsistency, all - abbreviations were expanded, including the formulaic id - est, scilicet, and + Etymologiae is inconsistent, it was standardized in this edition + using Lewis's and Short's Latin Dictionary (Oxford 1879) as available on the Perseus Digital Library. The standardization was motivated primarily by + the need for automated comparison of glosses in the context of this editorial + project. Hopefully, it will benefit those who would like to use the raw data + behind this edition for future automated processing. For the same reason of + inconsistency, all abbreviations were expanded, including the formulaic + id est, scilicet, and subaudi.

The edition further uses the following conventions: - Glosses in Tironian notes are rendered in a Courier font and followed by - a stylus icon: Tironian + Glosses in Tironian notes are rendered in the Courier font and followed + by a stylus icon: Tironian notes - Dry-point glosses are rendered in a Times font and followed by a stylus + Dry-point glosses are rendered in the Times font and followed by a stylus icon: Dry-point glosses - [...] Unreadable - [ ] Unreadable, reconstructed - < > Editorial emendation Glosses in a vernacular language are followed by a language icon:

(the language is displayed upon mouseover). - Reading of a codex are indicated using the stylus icon ('sic' is + Glosses with identified sources are followed by a book icon: +
+ (the title of the source is displayed upon mouse-over) + [...] Unreadable, cannot be reconstructed + [ ] Unreadable, reconstructed + < > Editorial emendation + Corrections in a manuscript are indicated using the stylus icon (the + reading before the correction is displayed upon mouseover). + Peculiar readings in a manuscript emended because they represent scribal + errors are indicated using the stylus icon (the reading of the manuscript is displayed upon mouseover). - Corrections are indicated using the stylus icon (the text ante - correctionem is displayed upon mouseover). + Peculiar readings in a manuscript retained due to their significance are + indicated using the stylus icon (sic is displayed + upon mouseover).

@@ -3916,43 +3925,43 @@
CLUSTERS OF GLOSSES -

Of the more than 4,200 early medieval glosses to the first book of the - Etymologiae, approximately 1,600 are shared glosses that - appear in multiple witnesses. These glosses rarely appear in isolation. Rather, - they form clusters, which are shared by two or more manuscripts, suggesting that - layers of annotations were transmitted from manuscript to manuscript as sets. In - this edition, 34 such clusters are identified, falling into four groups: - Clusters of high importance having a weight larger than 20: A-B, D-I, - M-Q, S (19 clusters) - Clusters of medium importance having a weight larger than 10 but smaller - than 20: R, T-Z (6 clusters) - Clusters of special interest representing single glosses or small gloss - sets of particular philological value (and therefore given high ranks 3-4): - C1-C7 (7 clusters) - Generic clusters X1 and X2, to which all remaining shared glosses not - belonging to any of the other clusters were assigned because their weight is - too low to be considered a meaningful indicator of relationships between - manuscripts +

Approximately 1,600 of the more than 4,200 early medieval glosses to the first + book of the Etymologiae, are shared glosses that appear in multiple + witnesses. These glosses rarely appear in isolation. Rather, they form clusters + shared by two or more manuscripts, suggesting that layers of annotations were + transmitted from manuscript to manuscript as sets. In this edition, 34 such + clusters are identified, falling into four groups: + Clusters of high importance having a weight larger + than 20: A-B, D-I, M-Q, S (19 clusters) + Clusters of medium importance having a weight larger + than 10 but smaller than 20: R, T-Z (6 clusters) + Clusters of special interest representing single + glosses or small gloss sets of particular philological value (and therefore + given high ranks 3-4): C1-C7 (7 clusters) + Generic clusters X1 and X2, to which the remaining + shared glosses not belonging to any of the other clusters were assigned + because their weight is too low to be considered a meaningful indicator of + relationships between manuscripts

-

Clusters F, H, I, N, and S have an assigned numeral 1 or 2 (e.g., F1 and F2). This - numeral indicates a relationship between the two clusters with the same siglum, - corresponding to the mutual closeness of the layers of annotation in the damaged - manuscripts Orleans296 (containing only chapters - 22-44) and Paris7490 (containing only chapters - 5-17). The two manuscripts were probably copied in the same scriptorium. It also - seems that they were glossed by the same main hand or at least the layers of - glossing in both manuscripts are very closely related, both textually and - palaeographically. Certain codicological indication (identical page dimensions, - layout and ruling patterns) suggest that the two damaged manuscripts may have once - been part of a single codicological entity. However, they were not copied by the - same hand, which complicates their assessment as two separated parts of a single - medieval codex. It, nevertheless, seems, that the glosses in Orleans296 and - Paris7490 represent a single layer, as is also indicated from the close proximity - of the two manuscripts in the network graphs 2 and 3. In the context of this - edition, the two (sub-)clusters reflecting glosses shared by Orleans296 and other - manuscripts (represented by F1, H1, I1, N1, and S1) and those shared by Paris7490 - and other manuscripts (represented by F2, H2, I2, N2, and S2) are assigned the - same siglum, but distinguished by the assigned numeral.

+

The users of this edition will note that clusters F, H, I, N, and S have an + assigned numeral 1 or 2 (e.g., F1 and F2). This numeral expresses the mutual + closeness of the layers of annotation in the damaged manuscripts Orleans296 (containing only chapters 22-44) and Paris7490 (containing only chapters 5-17). The two + manuscripts were probably copied in the same scriptorium. On the one hand, + codicological indications (identical page dimensions, layout and ruling patterns) + suggest that the two damaged manuscripts may have once been part of a single + codicological entity. On the other hand, however, they were not copied by the same + hand and, thus, cannot be readily considered two separated parts of a single + medieval codex. Nevertheless, the layers of glossing in both manuscripts are + closely related, both textually and palaeographically. There are, thus, reasons to + consider them a single layer, as is also indicated from the proximity of the two + manuscripts in the network graphs 2 and 3. In the context of this edition, the two + (sub-)clusters reflecting glosses shared by Orleans296 and other manuscripts + (represented by F1, H1, I1, N1, and S1) and those shared by Paris7490 and other + manuscripts (represented by F2, H2, I2, N2, and S2) are assigned the same siglum + (to express their closeness), but distinguished by the assigned numerals 1 and 2 + (to allow for their separation and filtering).

@@ -3961,10 +3970,10 @@

Most of the shorter glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae do not have an identifiable source and seem to reflect spontaneous explanations or expositions of Isidore's text. However, the longer glosses can be frequently shown - to have been drawn from known (or unknown) sources. The following overview lists - all identified passages from written sources that appear among the glosses in the - edited corpus. Included are also several parallels with glossaries edited in the - Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum.

+ to have been drawn from known sources. The following overview lists all identified + passages from written sources that appear among the glosses in the edited corpus. + Included are also several parallels with glossaries edited in the Corpus + Glossariorum Latinorum.

@@ -8777,7 +8786,7 @@ prolatione - id est de alfa + id est de alpha id est interpres @@ -8839,7 +8848,7 @@ legimus scilicet tradunt - scilicet dicimus + scilicet dicimus dicimus @@ -9266,8 +9275,8 @@ mori thanatos: - immortalisA notable factual error: thanatos is Greek - for death + immortalisA notable error of the glossator: thanatos + is Greek for death @@ -9316,8 +9325,8 @@ id est - ? - id est ? + Ω + id est Ω @@ -9343,7 +9352,7 @@ - alfa + alpha alpha A @@ -9533,7 +9542,7 @@ id est - ? + Γ id est labiles et @@ -9717,7 +9726,7 @@ cleini + >cleiniSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 subtilis @@ -10089,7 +10098,7 @@ ista est - extrema syllaba id est dros et mutat in er + extrema syllaba id est -dros et mutat in -er proprium nomen est @@ -10348,7 +10357,8 @@ casibus flectitur - dicitur quasi tectum amplum + dicitur quasi tectum amplum Graece, Latine duo @@ -11366,7 +11376,9 @@ Graece dicitur ignis sive ab igne appellatur, quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis celeriter - labitur + labiturThe gloss received three glosses: to pyr + (ignis), celeriter (velociter), and + labitur (cadit) ignis @@ -11597,8 +11609,8 @@ quaedam generatio de Graecis - ex Molosa insulaA notable factual - error: Molossi lived in the region of Epirus + ex Molosa insulaA notable error of + the glossator: Molossians lived in the region of Epirus @@ -11645,7 +11657,9 @@ prior suscepit qualitatem nominis contrarietate sequenti: in contrarietatem ponitur eo quod brevitas in se percurrit; ille vero qui in contrarie ponitur non de ea sumit vocabulum sed qualitate syllabarumIntegrated into the main - text + text; the opening Aliud is presumably a result of a + corruption of al for aliter/alibi and + id id est @@ -11697,7 +11711,7 @@ dictus - syllabam + syllabam @@ -12051,7 +12065,7 @@ divisio est quando maior numerus continet minorem et suam habet tertiam partem de illo minore numero ita: quattuor, tres hoc est - sesquicentiA notable factual error: the + sesquicentiA notable error of the glossator: the epitritus is correctly called a sesquitertius not a sesquicentus in arithmetica, diatessaron in @@ -15843,7 +15857,8 @@ nomen viri - nomen viri + nomen viriIn + manuscript appears as a gloss to a variant reading @@ -15943,7 +15958,7 @@ - + Peritia quando ratione vitiosa fiunt et sunt metaplasmi et schemata, imperitia quando nulla cogente @@ -16226,8 +16241,8 @@ rcum duplicatio - duplicatio, - congeminatio eo quod simul geminatur versus + reduplicatio, congeminatio eo quod simul + geminatur versus @@ -16299,7 +16314,7 @@ citharista fifari arbores - sequuntur + sequunturSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 proprium nomen citharista @@ -16323,7 +16338,8 @@ dux dux - fifari + fifariSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 deus deorum id est rex @@ -16350,11 +16366,13 @@ Troia Troia penates dixerunt ad Aeneam + >penates dixerunt ad AeneamIn manuscript, this gloss received a gloss + to penates (abguti; see Steinmeyer-Sievers II, p. + 340) abguti + >abgutiSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 zeugma est @@ -16633,8 +16651,13 @@ nomen viri nomen unum Tite Tati. O Tite tute Tati - tibi tria uno viro. Aliter tute - adverbium, tyranne vocativus + tibi tria nomina de uno viro. Aliter tute + adverbium, tyranne vocativusHere three glosses seem to be + merged into one as is indicated by the presence of aliter. + The first two glosses contradict each other. The first interprets only + Tite and Tati as the name of + Titus Tatius, while the second seems to indicate incorrectly that + tute is perhaps a part of his name - AscaniusNotable factual error also present in AscaniusA + notable error of the glossator also present in Paris7585; the adjective sedens refers to furor scilicet Fortuna - scilicet - AscaniusNotable factual error also present in Harley3941; the adjective - sedens refers to - furor + scilicet AscaniusA + notable error of the glossator also present in Harley3941; the adjective sedens refers to + furor spinetis @@ -16867,7 +16889,7 @@ multa compositio - id est copulata vel connexa + id est copulata vel conexa @@ -17468,12 +17490,14 @@ ornatissime honestissime - gilinflihho + gilinflihhoSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 honestissime - ornamenti - honoris + ornamenti + honoris @@ -17683,7 +17707,8 @@ domus in Roma in Roma circus ubi homines iocant - spilehus + spilehusSteinmeyer-Sievers II, p. 340 loca iocorum cryptae, nigra domus @@ -17804,14 +17829,15 @@ fortis m romanos revocator au - + equis illis equis - + portat @@ -17859,9 +17885,10 @@ pro Polyphemo videlicet Polyphemus Polyphemus + >Polyphebus Polyphemus - Polyphemus + Polyphebus excelsus @@ -17873,8 +17900,8 @@ - + Troilus id est Troilus @@ -17930,6 +17957,10 @@ + + + + id est sancta, candida sancta alma @@ -18588,8 +18619,8 @@ Africani ItaliciA notable factual error: the Punes lived in north Africa - not in Italy + >ItaliciA notable error of the glossator: the Punes lived in + north Africa not in Italy @@ -18907,7 +18938,7 @@ quaerunt te omnes - et dili felicitant + et dilig felicitant adiunctum - atributum + attributum oportunum sive conveniens id est ranum ranam - A notable factual error: rubum is a - bramble, rana is a frog + A notable error of the glossator: + rubum is a bramble, rana is a + frog id est Abimelech, filius Gedeonis id est Abimelech, filius @@ -22284,6 +22316,8 @@ Sacerdos, Ars grammatica (CG VI 446, 13) Sacerdos, Ars grammatica (CG VI 499, 21) Sedulius, Carmen paschale I 141 (CPL 1447, p. 26) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem II (p. 297) Servius, In Aeneidem I 211 Servius, In Aeneidem X 88 Terentius, Adelphoe 537 @@ -22397,8 +22431,8 @@ Generic group I Generic group II - Carolingian cluster of glosses to Etym. - 1.2 + Carolingian cluster of glosses to Etym. I + 1-2 Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41 and Reims 426 The old gloss to Etym. I 3.5 @@ -22409,53 +22443,53 @@ The old gloss to Etym. I 9.3 The old gloss to Etym. I 39.2 The old gloss to Etym. I 39.10 - Glosses shared between Cesena S.XXI.5 and its - apograph, Venice II 46 + Glosses shared between Cesena S.XXI.5 and its codex + descriptus, Venice II 46 Insular group I (shared by Gotha I 147 and Paris Lat. 7585 + to a lesser extent reflected in Oxford Queen's 320 and London Cotton Caligula A.xv) - Carolingian group I (shared by Orleans 296 and - London Harley 3941 + to a lesser extent reflected in Reims 426) + Cluster of glosses shared by Orleans 296 and + London Harley 3941 + to a lesser extent reflected in Reims 426 Cluster of glosses shared by London Harley 3941 - and Paris Lat. 7490 - Insular group II (shared by London Harley 3941 and + and Paris Lat. 7490 + to a lesser extent reflected in Reims 426 + Insular group II shared by London Harley 3941 and Paris Lat. 7585 + to a lesser extent reflected in Oxford Queen's 320 and London Cotton - Caligula A.xv) + Caligula A.xv Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41, Orleans 296, and Reims 426 Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41, Paris Lat. 7490, and Reims 426 Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41 and Orleans 296 - Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Paris Lat. - 7490 + Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41 and + Paris Lat. 7490 Cluster of glosses shared by Leiden VLO 41 and Paris Lat. 7670 Cluster of glosses shared by Orleans 296 and Paris Lat. 7670 - Agreement between Paris 7490 and Paris - 7670 - Cluster of glosses shared by London Harley 3941 and + Cluster of glosses shared by Paris Lat. 7490 and Paris + Lat. 7670 + Cluster of glosses shared by London Harley 3941 and Paris Lat. 7670 Glosses shared between Madrid RAH 76 and Madrid RAH 25 - Set of glosses to Etym. I 21 (shared by Paris 11278 - and Harley 3941, but also reflected in Paris 7585 and Cotton Caligula A.xv) - Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Trier + Set of glosses to Etym. I 21 (shared by Paris Lat. 11278 + and London Harley 3941, but also reflected in Paris Lat. 7585 and Cotton Caligula A.xv) + Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Trier 100 - Agreement between Orleans 296 and Reims + Agreement between Orleans 296 and Reims 426 - Agreement between Paris Lat. 7490 and Reims + Agreement between Paris Lat. 7490 and Reims 426 - Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and London Harley + Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and London Harley 3941 - Agreement between London Harley 3941, Orleans 296 + Agreement between London Harley 3941, Orleans 296 and Paris Lat. 7670 - Agreement between Paris Lat. 7670 and Reims + Agreement between Paris Lat. 7670 and Reims 426 - Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Paris Lat. + Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Paris Lat. 7585 - Agreement between Orleans 296 and Paris Lat. + Agreement between Orleans 296 and Paris Lat. 7559