diff --git a/xml/Isidore.xml b/xml/Isidore.xml index d92f703..14e6183 100644 --- a/xml/Isidore.xml +++ b/xml/Isidore.xml @@ -32,6 +32,52 @@ + + + Aubervilliers + Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes + CP 342 + + M0076 + + + + + main hand10th century + glossing hand 110-11th century + glossing hand 213th century + + + + + + 10th century + France + northeastern France + 49.15964 5.3829 + + + + + 10th-11th century + France + Brittany/England + 48.16667 -2.83333 + + glossing + + + + 13th century + Belgium + Tournai + + + + Berlin @@ -260,7 +306,7 @@ Chartres - Biblioth`eque municipale + Bibliothèque municipale MS 16 M0068 @@ -366,7 +412,7 @@ Laon - Biblioth`eque municipale + Bibliothèque municipale MS 447 M0139 @@ -3525,7 +3571,8 @@
-
+
+
INTRODUCTION

The Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville (d. 636) was the most important medieval Latin encyclopaedic work. In the early Middle Ages, in @@ -3537,9 +3584,9 @@ marginalia. Altogether, the Etymologiae attracted over 6,800 glosses in the first three hundred years of its circulation (Steinova, forthcoming).

-

Glosses do not appear uniformly across Isidore’s encyclopaedia, covering diverse +

Glosses do not appear uniformly across Isidore’s encyclopaedia covering diverse topics, from the Seven Liberal Arts, medicine and law, to precious stones, - insects, games, and footwear. Glosses tend to be concentrated in specific + insects, games, and footwear. They rather tend to be concentrated in specific sections, indicating that the glossing of the Etymologiae was topic-driven rather than a matter of continuous reading or study. The concentration of glosses in one or more of the twenty books, into which the @@ -3547,10 +3594,10 @@ interests animated glossators in different places, times, and contexts. In this manner, we can see that the early medieval annotators were most often interest in the book I of the Etymologiae dedicated to the discipline of - grammar – it received approximately 4,280 glosses or almost two-thirds of the + grammar – it received approximately 4,300 glosses or almost two-thirds of the total attested in the early Middle Ages. The following digital scholarly edition is an attempt to critically present the corpus of these early medieval annotations - to the first book of the Etymologiae. It accounts for 53 annotated + to the first book of the Etymologiae. It accounts for 54 annotated manuscripts of the first book of the Etymologiae, containing anything from one to over 750 glosses.

While glosses to other books appear almost always in isolation, being restricted @@ -3567,7 +3614,7 @@ exchange of books, people, and teaching material between various early medieval institutions.

-
+
WHAT IS A GLOSS?

While it may seem that glosses do not need to be defined, the material presented in this edition poses many problems well-known to those studying medieval @@ -3577,9 +3624,9 @@ as an interpretation of a text, and therefore what should be considered a gloss (rather than, say, a correction, variant reading or addition) is sometimes not self-evident.

-

Moreover, glosses are often indistinguishable from other phenomena inhabiting the - margins of medieval manuscripts: corrections, variant readings, marginal - tabs/summaries/indices, annotation symbols, secondary additions and +

In their appearance, glosses are often indistinguishable from other phenomena + inhabiting the margins of medieval manuscripts: corrections, variant readings, + marginal tabs/summaries/indices, annotation symbols, secondary additions and interpolations. Medieval annotators rarely thought of their activity in the same fashion as modern scholars do. They were most often motivated by making a certain manuscript more useful or improving its contents rather than by leaving behind a @@ -3597,7 +3644,7 @@ excluded, it was not always possible to distinguish these categories of marginalia from glosses. The distinction sometimes depends on the shape of the glossed text and, therefore, on the decisions made by its editors, as can be gleaned from the - comparison of Lindsay's 1991 and Spevak's 2020 editions of book I of the + comparison of Lindsay's 1911 and Spevak's 2020 editions of book I of the Etymologiae. To give just one example, the text of Etym. I 7.2 in Lindsay's edition reads: Cognomen, quia nomini coniungitur, ut Scipio; while Spevak's edition rather reads: Cognomen, @@ -3656,7 +3703,7 @@ Isidore's encyclopaedia that they now survive in most or almost all of the oldest copies of the Etymologiae.

-
+
NETWORK AS A MODEL FOR A DIGITAL SCHOLARLY EDITION

This edition is scholarly and critical in the sense that it attempts to present the corpus of early medieval glosses to the first book of the @@ -3667,7 +3714,7 @@ non-linear, and polygenic character of the glosses and the complex nature of their transmission (not only by copying from an exemplar to a copy, but also orally and perhaps after being long retained in memory) do not allow for it. The users of - this edition will, thus, not note that the edited text of the glosses is not + this edition will, thus, note that the edited text of the glosses is not accompanied by an apparatus criticus. Rather, the editor of this corpus chose an alternative critical framework for the presentation of the material, namely as a network that represents the patterns of relationship and @@ -3697,7 +3744,7 @@

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+
THE TEXT DISPLAY

The glosses are presented against a base text provided by the critical edition of the Etymologiae of Wallace Martin Lindsay as reproduced by

-
+
THE GLOSS DISPLAY

The glosses, which are the main subject of this digital edition, are displayed in the right panel by clicking on one of the two 'Glosses' tabs on top of it. They @@ -3792,9 +3839,9 @@ Glosses in a vernacular language are followed by a language icon:

(the language is displayed upon mouseover). - Glosses with identified sources are followed by a book icon: -
- (the title of the source is displayed upon mouse-over) + Glosses with identified sources are followed by a book icon:
(the title + of the source is displayed upon mouse-over) [...] Unreadable, cannot be reconstructed [ ] Unreadable, reconstructed < > Editorial emendation @@ -3925,12 +3972,16 @@
CLUSTERS OF GLOSSES -

Approximately 1,600 of the more than 4,200 early medieval glosses to the first - book of the Etymologiae, are shared glosses that appear in multiple - witnesses. These glosses rarely appear in isolation. Rather, they form clusters - shared by two or more manuscripts, suggesting that layers of annotations were - transmitted from manuscript to manuscript as sets. In this edition, 34 such - clusters are identified, falling into four groups: +

Approximately 1,700 of the more than 4,300 early medieval glosses to the first + book of the Etymologiae are shared glosses, that is they appear in + multiple witnesses. In most cases, these glosses are shared only by two + manuscripts, but sometimes the same gloss can be found in as many as nine or ten + manuscripts (e.g., L39.10.7). Usually, glosses are not shared as individual + entities but as layers, suggesting that glosses were transmitted from manuscript + to manuscript as sets. For this reason, this edition talks about clusters: sets of + glosses that appear in multiple manuscripts and may correspond to historical + artifacts of transmission. In this edition, 34 such clusters are identified, + falling into four groups: Clusters of high importance having a weight larger than 20: A-B, D-I, M-Q, S (19 clusters) Clusters of medium importance having a weight larger @@ -3943,37 +3994,589 @@ because their weight is too low to be considered a meaningful indicator of relationships between manuscripts

-

The users of this edition will note that clusters F, H, I, N, and S have an - assigned numeral 1 or 2 (e.g., F1 and F2). This numeral expresses the mutual - closeness of the layers of annotation in the damaged manuscripts Orleans296 (containing only chapters 22-44) and Paris7490 (containing only chapters 5-17). The two - manuscripts were probably copied in the same scriptorium. On the one hand, - codicological indications (identical page dimensions, layout and ruling patterns) - suggest that the two damaged manuscripts may have once been part of a single - codicological entity. On the other hand, however, they were not copied by the same - hand and, thus, cannot be readily considered two separated parts of a single - medieval codex. Nevertheless, the layers of glossing in both manuscripts are - closely related, both textually and palaeographically. There are, thus, reasons to - consider them a single layer, as is also indicated from the proximity of the two - manuscripts in the network graphs 2 and 3. In the context of this edition, the two - (sub-)clusters reflecting glosses shared by Orleans296 and other manuscripts - (represented by F1, H1, I1, N1, and S1) and those shared by Paris7490 and other - manuscripts (represented by F2, H2, I2, N2, and S2) are assigned the same siglum - (to express their closeness), but distinguished by the assigned numerals 1 and 2 - (to allow for their separation and filtering).

+

The users of this edition can note that clusters F, H, I, N, and S have an + assigned numeral 1 or 2 (e.g., F1 and F2). This numeral is used to express the + mutual closeness of the layers of annotation in the damaged manuscripts Orleans 296 (containing only chapters 22-44) and + Paris Lat. 7490 (containing only chapters 5-17). + The two manuscripts were probably copied in the same scriptorium. Certain + codicological indications (e.g., identical page dimensions, layout and ruling + patterns) suggest that the two damaged manuscripts may have once been part of a + single codicological entity. However, they were not copied by the same hand and, + thus, cannot be readily considered two separated parts of a single medieval codex. + Nevertheless, the layers of glossing in both manuscripts are closely related, both + textually and palaeographically. There are, thus, reasons to consider them a + single layer, as is also indicated from the proximity of the two manuscripts in + the network graphs 2 and 3. In the context of this edition, the two (sub-)clusters + reflecting glosses shared by Orleans 296 and other manuscripts (represented by F1, + H1, I1, N1, and S1) and those shared by Paris Lat. 7490 and other manuscripts + (represented by F2, H2, I2, N2, and S2) are assigned the same siglum (to express + their closeness), but distinguished by the assigned numerals 1 and 2 (to allow for + their separation and filtering).

+

More can be said about the following clusters:

+
+
+
+ Cluster F1 +

138 glosses, weight: 348 (avg. gloss weight 2.36)

+

Main witnesses: Harley 3941 + (H3941), Orleans 296 (O296)

+

Associated witnesses: Reims + 426 (R426)

+

Associated clusters: F2

+

Chapter range: mostly 36-44, to a lesser extent in 22-24, + 26, 28-29, and 33 (O296 cropped before chapter + 22)

+

Terminus ante quem: before 850 + (because of the age of glosses in O296 and R426), possibly early ninth century or earlier (as + suggested by the system of abbreviations and the corruptions in O296 and H3941)

+

Region of origin: Continent? Traces of insular + abbreviations suggest transfer via a center under insular influence or perhaps an + older insular core

+

Provenance: Fleury?

+

The only cluster consisting of more than 100 glosses, F1 is the most significant + set of annotations to the first book of the Etymologiae surviving + from the early Middle Ages. Many of the glosses from this cluster are long, + complex, and rich in information (e.g., explaining the narrative context of verses + from the Aeneid cited by Isidore), making it clear that the cluster + must have been copied and therefore transmitted genealogically.

+

Layers of glosses in the two main witnesses of F1 could not be copied one from + another, as is suggested by the fact that both H3941 and O296 feature omissions with + regards to each other:

+ + + L37.6.12, L37.23.6, L37.29.2 + L37.17.2 (-tur dropped) + + L37.18.6, L37.24.9, L38.1.5, L39.13.7 + L38.2.2 (-tur dropped) + +

In some cases H3941 offers a better reading + (L35.7.11, L37.35.4), in other cases, it is O296 + (L36.7.4, L37.9.6, L44.5.1), and in two cases the two manuscripts contain + different readings, which cannot be reconciled:

+ + + H voluptas/O voluntas (to cupido) + + H qui flent et lugent/O qui flent vel lugent (to + miseris, due to the script?) + +

The two main witnesses also share several problematic passages that show that they + share an ancestor copied in an unfamiliar abbreviation system:

+ + + Vergilius dixit de Polyphemo quando persequebatur Aeneam et illefugiens in profundum maris (L37.16.4 O/L37.17.2 + H) + + ideo dura quia timens H/times O (L37.27.1 + H/L37.27.4 O) + + H progressus/O congressus + + Vergilius dixit de illo viro quem misit Iovis + (p.c. OH) (rei H) ad Aeneam … + + in illo libro quem scripsit de Plautino H/Plautone + O + + H imposuerunt/O composuerunt + +

The unfamiliarity of the abbreviation system is further indicated by the unusual + abbreviation qm with a suspension stroke for + quando in O296 (L36.15.2, + L37.17.2, L37.29.2, L37.35.17). This abbreviation appears in Milan L 99 sup., an important eighth-century + manuscript of the Etymologiae copied in northern Italy in an + insular environment. In the Milanese codex, the pre-Carolingian quando (qo) was reinterpreted as quoniam and + abbreviated by the insular suspension qm (Lindsay 1915, p. + 220). Moreover, the same abbreviation qm standing for + quando also appears in glosses to the first book of the + Etymologiae in manuscripts with a connection to Mainz (Laon 447, Schaffhausen + 42), an important continental center with an insular connection.

+

The palaeographic clues, nevertheless, do not prove that F1 is of insular origin. + They perhaps rather indicate that the glosses passed through a center which was + influenced by insular copying practices or that there was an insular core or + elements to F1. Two elements speak, on the contrary, in favour of a continental + origin of F1. First, H3941 contains a notable + error in glosses that are partially copied in Tironian notes in O296, and stem perhaps from misunderstanding of + Tironian notes that were present in the common ancestor of the two + manuscripts:

+ + + O subaudi mortem/H sub morte (to ire + per umbras) + + O scilicet catachresis/ H species catachresis + (to haec) + +

Second, F1 contains one early Romance gloss + cinciala/cinicella (L36.7.4). Taking into account only + the evidence presented by F1 (and discounting the bearing of F2), we should + perhaps imagine that F1 was constituted in a continental center influenced both by + insular and continental habits (however, note what is said about the possible + insular origin of F2 below). Since O was present at Fleury by the tenth century + and since Fleury maintained relations with Brittany, serving as an important + transmission hub of material from northern France to Brittany, there are good + reasons to think that Fleury also played a role in the circulation of F1. It is, + for example, possible that the common ancestor of O296 and H3941 was present at Fleury, an + old center with a strong insular presence in pre-Carolingian times.

+

The relationship of R426 to H3941 and O296 is + difficult to ascertain given the small number of glosses it shares with both + manuscripts (13 glosses). In one case, it seems to contain a better reading than + either of the two main manuscripts:

+ + + HO exceptiones/R excerptiones (to + eglogae) + +

In three cases, H3941 and R426 offer a better reading against O296:

+ + + HR nubes/O parva nubis (to nubila) + + HR temepestates/O tempestas (to procellae) + + HR rubicundum/O rubeum (to croceum) + +

Since O296 is cropped before chapter 22, it is + possible and, indeed, likely, that cluster F extended beyond the current attested + range, perhaps covering all chapters of book I. Some of the now isolated glosses + in H3941 were probably echoed in O296 before it had been damaged. For example, there + are several longer glosses providing a narrative context to the citations from the + Aeneid with the same tenor as those in F1 appearing only in H3941 (L21.18.2, L21.18.4). For this reason, too, it + is notable that H3941 shares many heavy glosses + with Paris Lat. 7490, a loose quire containing + chapters 5-17, including some which resemble glosses from F1 in their focus and + tenor. As noted above, the relationship between Paris Lat. 7490 and H3941 may indicate that glosses in Paris Lat. 7490 and O296 represent two segments of the same layer.

+
+
+ Cluster F2 +

19 glosses, weight: 52 (avg. gloss 2.47)

+

Main witnesses: Harley 3941 + (H3941), Paris Lat. 7490 (P7490)

+

Associated witnesses: Reims + 426 (R426)

+

Associated clusters: F1, C3

+

Chapter range: 16-17 (because P7490 contains only 5-17, and H contains no glosses to 5-15)

+

Terminus ante quem: before 850 + (because of the age of glosses in P7490), possibly + early ninth century or before 800 (given the problems stemming from transcription + from an exemplar in abbreviated script)

+

Region of origin: Continent? Traces of insular + abbreviations suggest transfer via a center under insular influence or perhaps an + older insular core

+

Although cluster F2 contains only 19 glosses, it is easily discernible because of + the concentration of these glosses in a few chapters and their heaviness. While + P7490 is older by perhaps half a century than + H3941, the latter contains overwhelmingly + better readings than the former. P7490 can be shown + to be corrupt in all but one case of disagreement with H3941. In two cases, H3941 offers a + better and longer text of glosses than P7490 + (L17.15.1, L17.22.5) and in case (L17.2.3), P7490 + lost the final -tur (H3941 lost the final -tur in + L17.4.1). In one notable case, P7490 contains a + corruption that seems to reflect copying from an exemplar written in an unfamiliar + script:

+ + + H quasi certator ludicus, vel … nominatus/P [qua]si cantator, vel … + nominatur (to Pyrrichius) + +

The lectio difficilior in this case is + certator ludicus. Moreover, the combination of er can be incorrectly interpreted as an if copied from an insular exemplar but not vice versa (and the same + applies to the confusion between a final s and a final r, which also indicates an + exemplar in insular script).

+

In addition, H3941 and P7490 disagree in the case of the old gloss to the Pyrrhic (C3) found + also in Aubervilliers 342, Leiden VLF 82 and Wolfenbüttel Weiss. 64):

+ + + H ab igne appellatur, quia + ignis Graece pyr dicitur + +

In one case, P7490 and H3941 contain different readings none of which can be immediately judged + better, although in H3941 it seems to be more + complete:

+ + + H … choris aptissimum. Similiter choriambus/P choris aptissimum + canendi + +

Overall, one can say that H3941, even if more + recent, preserves consistently better readings of F2, although this may also be an + impression due to the limited overlap between H3941 and P7490 (only in chapters + 16-17).

+

P7490 shows relationship not only with H3941 but several other manuscripts. The character + of the glosses it shares with Leiden VLO 41, Paris Lat. 7670, and Reims + 426 in chapters 5-17 and the general pattern of sharing and layout (e.g. + the use of particular signes de renvoi) is surprisingly similar to the one that + Orleans 296 displays with the same four + manuscripts (i.e., Harley 3941, Leiden VLO 41, + Paris Lat. 7670, and Reims 426). As noted above, given that both P7490 and O296 were + assigned by Bischoff to the same region, given the paleographic similarities in + both glosses and the main script, and the pattern of sharing of glosses, it seems + possible that P7490 (containing only chapters 5-17) + and O296 (containing only chapters 22-44) come + from the same scriptorium and may have been glossed by a single group of + annotators.

+
+
+ Cluster E +

50 glosses, weight: 156 (avg. gloss weight 3.07)

+

Main witnesses: Gotha Membr. I + 147 (G147), Paris Lat. 7585 (P7585)

+

Associated witnesses: Aubervilliers 342 (A342), Oxford Queens + 320 (Q320), London Cotton Caligula + A.xv (CCAxv)

+

Chapter range: 21, 27, 32, 34-35, 37-40 (due to the + cropping of G147)

+

Terminus ante quem: certainly before + 850 (provided by the date of copying and annotation of G147), possibly early ninth century or before 800 (as is indicated by + the abbreviation system and integrated glosses in P7585)

+

Region of origin: British Isles, perhaps Ireland (as is + indicated by the presence of an Old Irish glosses in G147 and P7585, the extensive + abbreviation in these two manuscripts, and the abbreviation system in P7585)

+

Provenance: E has a strong connection to tenth-century + Canterbury. Two of the witnesses (P7585 and CCAxxv) + were certianly annotated there, and one witness (Q320) was likely glossed there

+

Cluster E is the second-best attested cluster of early medieval glosses of the + Etymologiae. It rivals clusters F1/F2 and G in sophistication, + richness, and informativeness and contains some notably original annotations + (e.g., L37.29.6 and L40.6.13) just as these two other important clusters. While it + can be attested today only across several of the chapters of the book I of the + Etymologiae due to the fragmentary preservation of G147 (once a manuscript of the entire + Etymologiae or the first ten books of this work), it most likely + spanned the entire book I. The associated witnesses A342, CCAxv and Q320 preserve glosses that + belong to cluster E in chapters missing from G147 + (21, 27, 32, 34-36, and 43). In fact, unlike F1/F2, cluster E may have extended to + all books of the Etymologiae, as A342, P7585 and the sister-fragments of + G147 contain annotations to other books. In + their layers of glosses to books II-XX, these three witnesses show a degree of + closeness akin to, although not as strong as, G147 + and P7585 in book I. Cluster E seems to be most + fully preserved in P7585 today. It is, therefore, + likely that some of its roughly 120 isolated glosses to book I and, as long as we + accept that E was a set of glosses to the entire Etymologiae, some + of the over 500 glosses in other books belong to E as well.

+

A characteristic element of E is the marking of proper names with + proprium (nomen) (abbreviated in both P7585 and G147, often + to pro, see e.g., L37.34.2, L38.2.6, L39.7.8, and + L39.17.4), names of the cities with civitas/nomen civitatis + (usually abbreviated in G147, P7585 and A342 + as civit, civi or cive, see e.g., L37.34.1, L27.34.3, L39.16.2, and L39.17.5), and of + various names in general (e.g., L27.29.13, L35.5.3, L37.35.10, and L40.6.8). For + this reason, the most likely candidates for glosses belonging to E are some of the + isolated glosses in P7585 reading + proprium (nomen) (L3.6.6, L3.6.10, L36.2.6, L36.2.11, + L36.7.5, L36.7.6, and L36.14.10), civitas/nomen civitatis + (L3.7.1, L33.2.2, and L39.16.6), or identifying the names of various objects, + places, and people (L21.14.5, L32.5.7, L36.17.5, and L37.6.11).

+

Glosses belonging to E were inserted into both main witnesses by copyists. As they + are very heavy (avg. 3.07), we need to think of them as of a set that was copied + from an exemplar to a copy just like F1/F2 and G and therefore transmitted for at + least some time. In P7585, a manuscript copied at + Canterbury in the second half of the tenth century, the glossed sections of book I + contain many integrated glosses, which may have already been integrated in the + exemplar, a sign of their potential antiquity (two of the integrated glosses, + L37.29.6 and L40.7.11, are even marked as glossa by a later + medieval user). These sections and the glosses, both integrated and marginal, are + copied in a script rich in insular Irish abbreviations, oddly out of place in + tenth-century England. One of the glosses belonging to E is also integrated in + G147 (L39.16.10). Glosses in both P7585 and G147 are + often extremely abbreviated, which makes their resolution difficult (e.g., + L37.28.5, L37.34.1, L39.16.6, and L 39.17.4), another sign of potential early + insular origin. Both P7585 and G147 contain a single stray Old Irish gloss: G147 in L39.18.3 and P7585 in book III to poetis in chapter 15 (glossed as + filidbus, presumably a Latinization of + filid or an incorrect resolution as + filiabus, a word that appears later in the same + chapter). These clues imply that the exemplar of P7585 was most likely an Irish annotated manuscript. For this reason, it + is tempting to situate E’s origin to Ireland, perhaps even before 800. However, it + also needs to be pointed out that some of the isolated glosses in P7585 came from a lost insular commentary on + Donatus’s Ars maior that was used in the 840s by Murethach and + Sedulius Scottus, but which was presumably not compiled before 800. If it can be + assumed that they belong to E, the cluster must have originated in the first half + of the ninth century.

+

How glosses from this cluster ended up in the Breton G147 is difficult to ascertain, especially given that the most recent + research indicates that most of the Irish material preserved in Brittany reached + this region via northern France and not directly from Ireland or England. If + cluster E was available in northern France in the first half of the ninth century, + no traces of this sojourn survive.

+

The three associated witnesses, A342, Q320 and CCAxv + (the latter glossed only chapter 21), contain only a small selection of glosses + from E. All three manuscripts were annotated several centuries after their + production. Two, Q320 and CCAxv, have a link to Canterbury just as P7585. The eighth-century continental CCAxv can be shown to have been present and + glossed in Canterbury the tenth century. The tenth-century Q320 may have been produced at Canterbury. While it is not certain that + it was still present there in the late eleventh or the early twelfth century when + it was annotated, the glosses may be considered evidence to this effect. In both + the cases of CCAxv and Q320, is possible that the glosses were copied from + P7585 or from its exemplar (as is also indicated + by cluster G). The situation of A342 is + complicated, as this is a continental Frankish manuscript that was kept at the + Abbey of St. Martin in Tournai in the thirteenth century. However, the glosses as + well as K-shaped kaput signs inserted in the margins of this codex (which also + appear in P7585) suggest that it may have been in + England (or Brittany?) before it reached Tournai, perhaps during the eleventh + century.

+

Both main witnesses of E contain vernacular glosses. Apart from the one Old Irish + gloss in each manuscript, P7585 contains five Old + English glosses, including one to book I (L39.4.8). G147 contains three Breton glosses, while its sister- fragments contain + additional 12 Breton glosses. The lemmata from book I glossed in Breton in G147 are left unglossed in P7585. The single exception is the singular Old English gloss in book I + of P7585:

+ + + G id est huelim / P taesan (to carminare) + +

As the stray Old Irish gloss in P7585 suggests, it + is very likely that the exemplar of P7585 (and of + G147?) contained vernacular glosses, but these + were not copied into P7585 (the single Old Irish + gloss in this manuscript survived due to a misinterpretation). These were not the + only glosses omitted in the process of copying. The extensive abbreviation of + glosses sometimes seems to have caused problems to the two scribes copying glosses + in P7585 and G147 + and the abbreviated glosses or gloss elements were dropped as is indicated by this + gloss in P7585:

+ + + G proprium bri / P proprium nomen + +

In another case, only G147 contains an extremely + abbreviated gloss (L37.28.5). G147 also contains + several glosses proprium that do not have a parallel in + P7585 (L37.34.4, L39.7.4, and L39.26.2), which + may also be down to the extreme abbreviation. In two cases, P7585 and G147 offer + different readings, which perhaps have to do with distinct resolution of extremely + abbreviated glosses:

+ + + G Tales proprium / P Talesius + + G civitas / P civitatis (compare with the abbreviation of various forms of + this word as civi) + +

Overall, there is only one gloss in G147 + (L39.10.2), which does not appear in P7585 or which + is not a case of gloss likely to be purged (i.e., because it was vernacular or + extremely abbreviated). The agreement between the two main witnesses of E is + exceptionally strong.

+
+
+ Clusters I1 and I2 +

54 glosses, weight: 101 (avg. gloss weight 1.84)

+

Main witnesses: Leiden VLO 41 + (L41), Orleans 296 (O296), Paris Lat. 7490 (P7490)

+

Chapter range: 6-9, 12-17 (I2), 22-42 (I1)

+

Terminus ante quem: 9th century, 4/4 + (the date of L41)

+

Region of origin: L41 was + produced and annotated at Fleury, and since O296 + has also a connection to Fleury (and P7490 seems to + have been produced and annotated in the same center as O296), an origin in Fleury is probable

+

Taken on its own, cluster I1 alone is the third heaviest cluster detected in the + early medieval manuscripts of the Etymologiae (after F1/F2 and E). + When I1 and I2 are considered as reflecting a single layer of glosses, they are + one of only three clusters (together with F1/F2 and E) to have a weight of over + 100. However, clusters I1 and I2 are very different from both these and other + notable sets of annotations (e.g., G). Unlike other clusters, I1 and I2 are not + visible to the naked eye of a philologue. They are constituted only by glosses of + the low weights 1 and 2, not particularly concentrated in any chapter, and don’t + have a notable tenor, focus, or regional element. I1 and I2 are an example of what + may be considered an ‘invisible cluster’, i.e., a set of annotations that come to + one’s attention only with the aid of quantitative methods. Yet, they cannot be + dismissed as a phantom conjured by these methods, given the significant weight of + I1/I2 and the paleographic proximity of the two witnesses L41 and O296 (and probably also P7490). These two (or three) witnesses are connected + with Fleury, where both may have been annotated in the span of roughly a century: + O296/P7490 at + the beginning of the ninth and L41 at the end of the + ninth or the beginning of the tenth centuries. A plausible explanation for the + subtleness of this cluster is, therefore, that the layers of glosses in the two + manuscripts are not related 'truly philologically', as is the case of glosses in + clusters F1/F2, E and G, nor is the younger L41 + annotated because glosses were transfer to its from the older O296/P7490. Rather, + the particular pattern characterizing I1/I2 (and some of the lighter clusters) may + be a vestige of a living oral and mnemonic tradition of exposition of the first + book of the Etymologiae at Fleury (in the context of grammatical + teaching?). Indeed, it can be shown that this book was used for study and teaching + of grammar at Fleury to a significant degree in the course of the ninth and the + tenth centuries, as five surviving early medieval grammatical collections + transmitting book I of the Etymologiae are connected to this + center. Traces of the same exposition that appears in the form of glosses in O296/P7490 can be + still detected at Fleury as late as in the late tenth century via the person of + Abbo of Flery, who brought some of the Fleury Isidorean lore to Ramsey in the + early eleventh century and bequethed it to his English student, Byrhtferth of + Ramsey. The scenario that I1/I2 reflects a transmission as facilitated by oral and + mnemonic process is thus plausible.

+

There are very few disagreements between L41 and O296/P7490 that could + reveal anything about their mutual relationship. In eight cases, O296 or P7490 + contains longer glosses than L41:

+ + + P instruent vel ostendunt / V et instruant + + O iuvenis vel novellus miles / V vocatur novus miles + + O designent / V signent + + O dulcis, matura / V vocatur matura + + O utitur vel trahit / V trahit + + O habitatores vel qui colunt terram (shared with H3941) / V habitatores + + O fletum, luctum / V id est luctum + + O viguit, aparuit / V viguit + +

Since the layers of glosses in O296/P7490 are several decades older than those in L41, one could expect that they would not become shorter + or lose constituent elements. However, such shortening can be explained if copying + was not the main mode of transmission, as should be suspected here. In four cases, + L41 has longer and richer glosses than O296/P7490:

+ + + P in coniunctione / V id est coniunctione partium + + O separantur / V id est separantur et dividuntur (shared with R426) + + O operiuntur / V id est operiuntur et velantur + + O sancta / V id est sancta, candida + +

Other variance between O296/P7490 and L41 (e.g., in + L33.2.3) seems to be of little importance. Minor variance seems also to be due to + the use of Tironian notes in O296/P7490 (L7.1.2, L25.2.1). No genuine Tironian notes + occur in L41 (although this manuscript contains an + abbreviation symbol for scilicet that resembles a Tironian + note and may have been derived from a Tironian note).

- SOURCES OF THE GLOSSES -

Most of the shorter glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae do - not have an identifiable source and seem to reflect spontaneous explanations or - expositions of Isidore's text. However, the longer glosses can be frequently shown - to have been drawn from known sources. The following overview lists all identified - passages from written sources that appear among the glosses in the edited corpus. - Included are also several parallels with glossaries edited in the Corpus - Glossariorum Latinorum.

+ SOURCES OF AND PARALLELS TO THE GLOSSES +

The shorter glosses to the first book of the Etymologiae do not + have an identifiable source and seem to reflect spontaneous explanations or + expositions of Isidore's text. However, most of the longer glosses can be shown to + have been drawn from known sources or display significant similarities with + identified texts. Three sources and/or parallels are particularly prominent: + The Etymologiae: It seems that the early medieval + glossators of the Etymologiae followed the old adage of + 'explaining Homer by Homer' as Isidore's encyclopaedia is the most commonly + cited identifiable source text of glosses in the corpus. These glosses + appear in many different manuscripts as isolated glosses, thus not being + characteristic of any specific cluster, glossing region, or + manuscript. + Various late antique and early medieval grammarians: Among the + identified late antique grammatical sources are the De vitiis + attributed to one Isidorus Iunior (5 instances), Priscian (3 instances), + Sacerdos (2 instances), Consentius (1 instance), and Sergius (1 instance). + The glosses were also taken from or show a parallel with the early medieval + grammars of Julian of Toledo (3 instances) Alcuin (1 instance), Donatus + Ortigraphus (1 instance), and Malsachanus (1 instance). + Early medieval insular commentators of Donatus: Several glosses + appearing in three manuscripts, Paris Lat. + 7585, Orleans 296, and Paris Lat. 7490, show parallels with the + commentaries on Donatus's Ars maior compiled in the ninth + century by Murethach, Sedulius Scottus, and the anonymous author of the + Ars Laureshamensis. As has been shown, the three + Carolingian commentators based themselves on an insular commentary to + Donatus dated to the early ninth century that does not survive and was not + widely available on the Continent (Holtz, 1972). Since the three glossed + manuscripts showing parallels with the Ars Laureshamensis, + Murethach, and Sedulius Scottus seem to have an insular connection, they may + directly reflect this lost insular commentary on the Ars + maior. The glosses in both Orleans + 296 and Paris Lat. 7490 probably + predate the activities of the three ninth-century continental commentaries, + while Paris Lat. 7585 presumably preserves + glosses of enitrely insular origin. +

+

The following overview lists all identified passages from written sources that + appear among the glosses in the edited corpus. Included are also several parallels + with glossaries edited in the Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum.

@@ -3986,8 +4589,14 @@ Peritia 32 (2021), forthcoming. Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, edited by Walther von Wartburg et al., 25 vols. (Basel and Nancy, 1973-2002). + L. Holtz, 'Sur trois commentaires irlandais de l'Art majeur de Donat au IXe + siècle',Revue d'histoire des textes 2 (1972), + 45-72. W. Meyer-Lübke, Romanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3 vols. (Heidelberg, 1935). + W. M. Lindsay, Notae Latinae: an account of abbreviation in Latin + mss. of the early minuscule period (c. 700-850) (Cambridge, + 1915). E. Steinmeyer and E. Sievers, Die althochdeutsche Glossen II: Glossen zu nichtbiblischen Schriften (Berlin, 1882). E. Steinova, 'Annotation of the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville in Its @@ -4016,24 +4625,24 @@ xml:id="L1.1.6">nisi qui discit. Aliter dicta disciplina, quia discitur plena. Ars vero dicta est, quod artispraeceptis regulisque consistat. Alii dicunt a Graecis hoc tractum esse vocabulum απο τηςαρετης, - id est a virtute, quam scientiam - vocaverunt. + type="lemma" xml:id="L1.2.2">artis + praeceptis regulisque consistat. Alii + dicunt a Graecis hoc tractum esse + vocabulum απο της αρετης, id est a + virtute, quam scientiam vocaverunt. Inter artem et disciplinam Plato et Aristoteles hanc differentiam esse voluerunt, dicentes artem esse in his quae se et aliter habere possunt; disciplina vero est, quae de - hisagit quae aliter evenire non + his agit quae aliter evenire non possunt. Nam quando veris disputationibus aliquid disseritur, disciplina erit: quando aliquid verisimile atque opinabiletractatur, nomen artis habebit. + >opinabile + tractatur, nomen artis habebit.
DE SEPTEM LIBERALIBVS @@ -4047,14 +4656,15 @@ type="lemma" xml:id="L2.1.9">civilibus quaestionibus necessaria existimatur. Tertia dialectica - cognomentologica, quae + cognomento + logica, quae legitimis disputationibus subtilissimis - verasecernit a falsis. + vera + secernit a falsis. Quarta arithmetica, quae continet numerorum causas et divisiones. Quinta musica, quae Primordia grammaticae artis litterae communes existunt, quas librarii - et calculatoressequuntur. Quarum disciplina velut quaedam grammaticae artis infantia est; undeet eamVarrolitterationem vocat. Litterae autem sunt indices rerum, signa verborum, quibus + et calculatores + sequuntur. Quarum disciplina velut quaedam grammaticae artis infantia est; unde + et eam + Varro + litterationem + vocat. Litterae autem sunt indices rerum, + signa verborum, quibus tanta vis est, ut nobis dicta absentium sine voce loquantur. Verba enim per oculos non per aures introducunt. @@ -4107,52 +4718,54 @@ nosse possimus linguam Hebraicam omnium linguarum et litterarum esse matrem. Sed Hebraei viginti duo elementa litterarum secundum Veteris Testamenti librosutuntur; Graeci vero viginti quattuor. Latini enim inter - utramque linguam progredientes viginti - tria elementa habent. + type="lemma" xml:id="L3.4.9">Veteris Testamenti libros + utuntur; Graeci vero viginti quattuor. + Latini enim inter utramque linguam progredientes viginti tria elementa habent. Hebraeorum litteras a Lege coepisse per Moysen: Syrorum autem et Chaldaeorum per Abraham. Unde et cum Hebraeis et numero et sonoconcordant, - solis - characteribusdiscrepant. Aegyptiorum litteras Isis regina, Inachis filia, de Graecia veniens in - Aegyptum, repperit et Aegyptiis tradidit. - Apud Aegyptios autem alias habuisse litteras sacerdotes, alias vulgus; sacerdotales + xml:id="L3.5.5">sono + concordant, solis + characteribus + discrepant. Aegyptiorum litteras Isis + regina, Inachis filia, de Graecia veniens + in Aegyptum, repperit et Aegyptiis + tradidit. Apud Aegyptios autem alias habuisse litteras sacerdotes, alias vulgus; sacerdotales ιερας, - πανδήµουςvulgares. Graecarum litterarum usum primi Phoenices invenerunt; unde et Lucanus: + πανδήµους + vulgares. Graecarum litterarum usum primi + Phoenices invenerunt; unde et Lucanus: Phoenices primi, famae si creditur, ausi mansuram rudibus vocem signare figuris. Hinc est quod et Phoeniceocolore - librorum capita scribuntur, quia ab ipsis litterae initium habuerunt. Cadmus Agenoris filius Graecas litteras a - Phoenice in Graeciam decem et septem primus attulit; Α.Β.Γ.Δ.Ε.Ζ.Ι.Κ.Λ.Μ.Ν.Ο.Π.Ρ.Σ.Τ.Φ.HisPalamedes Troiano bello tres adiecit + xml:id="L3.6.2">Phoeniceo + colore librorum capita scribuntur, quia ab ipsis litterae initium habuerunt. Cadmus Agenoris filius Graecas litteras a Phoenice in Graeciam decem et + septem primus attulit; Α.Β.Γ.Δ.Ε.Ζ.Ι.Κ.Λ.Μ.Ν.Ο.Π.Ρ.Σ.Τ.Φ. + His + Palamedes Troiano bello tres adiecit Η.Χ.Ω. Post quemSimonides Melicus tres alias adiecit Ψ.Ξ.Θ. - Υ litteram Pythagoras Samiusad exemplum vitae humanae primus formavit; + Υ litteram Pythagoras Samius + ad exemplum vitae humanae primus formavit; cuius virgula subterior primam aetatem significat, incertam quippe et quae adhuc se nec @@ -4193,10 +4806,10 @@ xml:id="L3.9.3">signa thau in frontes virorum gementium et dolentium. Reliquas vero duas summam et ultimamsibi - vindicat Christus. Ipse enim principium, ipse finis, dicens Ego sum Α et - Ω. + xml:id="L3.9.6">ultimam + sibi vindicat Christus. Ipse enim + principium, ipse finis, dicens Ego sum Α et Ω. Concurrentibus enim in se invicem Α ad Ω usque devolvitur, et rursus Ω ad Α non sonant, sed iunctis vocalibus consonant. Haec in duabus partibus dividuntur: in semivocalibus et in mutis. Semivocales dictas eo, quod quiddam semis de - vocalibus habeant. Ab E quippe vocali incipiunt, et desinunt in naturalem sonum + type="lemma" xml:id="L4.4.1">Semivocales dictas eo, quod quiddam semis de vocalibus habeant. Ab E quippe + vocali incipiunt, et desinunt in naturalem + sonum ut F, L, M et ceterae - . Mutae autem dictae, quia nisi subiectis sibi vocalibus nequaquam . Mutae autem dictae, quia nisi subiectis sibi vocalibus nequaquam erumpunt. Si enim eis extremum vocalis detraxeris sonum, inclusum litterae murmur sonabit ut B, G, D et ceterae . Vocales autem et semivocales et mutas a veteribus - sonas et semisonas et insonas dictas. + sonas et semisonas et insonas dictas. Inter vocales autem I et U apud Grammaticos varias habent significationes. Nam modo vocales sunt, modo @@ -4262,14 +4876,14 @@ xml:id="L4.6.2">solae positae syllabas faciunt et aliis consonantibus coniunguntur. Consonantes ideo habentur, quia interdum habent post se vocales in hisdem - syllabis constitutas, ut Ianus, vates, et habentur pro + syllabis constitutas, ut Ianus, vates, et habentur pro consonantibus. Mediae autem idcirco dicuntur, quoniam naturaliter solae medium sonum habent, ut illius, unius. + xml:id="L4.7.1">medium sonum habent, ut illius, unius. Coniunctae aliis pinguius sonant, ut Ianus, vanus. Solae enim aliter sonant, aliter iunctae. I vero propterea liquidae dicuntur propterea, quia interdum in una syllaba postpositae aliis consonantibus deficiunt et a metro - excluduntur. Ex quibus duae apud Latinos liquescunt L et R, ut fragor, flatus. Reliquae M et N apud - Graecos liquescunt: ut Mnestheus. + excluduntur. Ex quibus duae apud Latinos liquescunt L et R, ut fragor, flatus. Reliquae M et N apud + Graecos liquescunt: ut Mnestheus. Decem et septem autem Latinis litteris vetus scriptura constabat. Vnde et legitimae nominantur illa ratione, scilicet vel quod ab E vocali @@ -4343,8 +4957,8 @@ duas litteras mutuavit Latinitas, Y et Z, propter nomina scilicet Graeca, et haec apud Romanos usque ad Augusti tempus non scribebantur, sed pro Z - duas S ponebant, ut hilarissat; pro Y vero I scribebant. + duas S ponebant, ut hilarissat; pro Y vero I scribebant. Vnicuique autem litterae tria accidunt: nomen, quomodo vocetur; figura, quo caractere signetur; potestas, quae vocalis, quae consonans habeatur. A quibusdam et ordo notatis oris sonis atque discretis. Nam postquam eas animadverterunt, et nomina illis et figuras inposuerunt: figuras autem partimex placito, partim ex - sono litterarum formaverunt: ut puta I et O, quarum uni sicut exilis sonus, ita tenuis virgula, alterius pinguis - sonus, sicut et plena figura. Potestatem autem natura - dedit, voluntas ordinem et apicem. + >partim + ex placito, partim ex sono litterarum formaverunt: ut + puta I et O, quarum uni sicut exilis sonus, ita tenuis virgula, alterius pinguis sonus, sicut et plena figura. Potestatem autem natura dedit, voluntas ordinem et apicem. Inter figuras litterarum et apicem veteres dixerunt, apicem dictum propter quod longe sit a pedibus, @@ -4413,18 +5028,18 @@ type="lemma" xml:id="L6.1.3">actum. Reliquae adpendices sunt et ex his originem trahunt. Nam pronomen ex nomine nascitur, - cuius officiofungitur, ut orator ille. Adverbium de nomine nascitur, ut doctus, docte. - Participium de nomine et verbo, ut lego, legens. Coniunctio vero et praepositio - vel interiectioin conplexu istarum cadunt. Ideo et nonnulli quinque partes definierunt, quia istae - superfluae sunt. + cuius officio + fungitur, ut orator ille. Adverbium de nomine nascitur, ut doctus, + docte. Participium de nomine et verbo, ut lego, legens. Coniunctio vero et praepositio vel interiectio + in conplexu istarum cadunt. Ideo et nonnulli quinque partes definierunt, quia istae superfluae sunt.
DE NOMINE. @@ -4437,19 +5052,20 @@ sunt : praenomen, nomen, cognomen, agnomen. Praenomen dictum eo, quod nomini praeponitur, ut "Lucius" "Quintus". + >praeponitur, ut Lucius, + Quintus. Nomen vocatum, quia notat genus, ut - Cornelius. + Cornelius. Cornelii enim omnes in eo genere. Cognomen, quia nomini - coniungitur, ut Scipio. Agnomen vero quasi accedens nomen, ut Metellus Creticus, quia Cretam - subegit. Extrinsecus enim venit agnomen ab aliqua ratione. Cognomentum autem vulgo dictum eo, quod nomini + coniungitur, ut Scipio. Agnomen vero quasi accedens nomen, ut Metellus + Creticus, quia Cretam subegit. Extrinsecus enim venit + agnomen ab aliqua ratione. Cognomentum + autem vulgo dictum eo, quod nomini cognitionis causa superadiciatur, sive quod cum nomine est. @@ -4467,46 +5083,46 @@ ut homo. Species enim animalium homo. Principalia, quia primam positionem - habent, nec aliunde nascuntur, ut mons, fons. + habent, nec aliunde nascuntur, ut mons, fons. Derivativa eo, quod ex alio nomine deducantur, ut a monte montanus. - Diminutiva, quia minuunt sensum, ut Graeculus, + Diminutiva, quia minuunt sensum, ut Graeculus, scholasticulus. Sono diminutiva, quia sic sonant - sicut diminutiva, sed intellectu principalia sunt, ut tabula, - fabula. + sicut diminutiva, sed intellectu principalia sunt, ut tabula, + fabula. Tota Graeca, quia ex toto Graece - declinantur, ut Callisto. Sic enim + declinantur, ut Callisto. Sic enim et Graecus et Latinus dicit. Tota Latina, quia ex toto in Latinum vertuntur. Graecus dicit - Odysseus, Latinus Vlixes. + Odysseus, Latinus Vlixes. Media dicta quia ex parte Graeca sunt, ex parte Latina. Eadem et notha, quia corrumpunt ultimas syllabas manentibus prioribus, ut apud Graecos - Alexandros, - Menandros; apud nos Alexander, - Menander. Dicta autem notha, quemadmodum nothus - dicitur quisquis de dispari genere - nascitur. + Alexandros, + Menandros; apud nos Alexander, Menander. + Dicta autem notha, quemadmodum nothus dicitur quisquis de dispari genere nascitur. Synonyma, hoc est plurinomia, eo quod sit in pluribus nominibus significatio una, ut terra, humus, tellus. Idem enim sunt omnia. Homonyma, hoc est uninomia, eo quod sit in uno - nomine significatio plurima, ut tumulus nunc mons brevis, nunc tumens tellus, nunc sepulchrum. Est enim in uno nomine significatio diversa. + nomine significatio plurima, ut tumulus nunc mons brevis, nunc tumens tellus, nunc sepulchrum. Est enim in uno nomine significatio + diversa. Relativa dicta eo, quod ad aliam referantur personam, ut magister, @@ -4517,49 +5133,49 @@ fuerit. Porro qualitatis nomina ex eo dicta, quia per ea qualis quisque sit ostenditur, ut - sapiens, formosus, dives. + sapiens, formosus, dives. Quantitatis, quia a mensura trahantur, ut longus, brevis. Patronymica dicuntur eo, quod - trahuntur a patribus, ut - Tydides, - Tydei filius, Aeneius, Aeneae filius, quamvis et a matribus et a maioribus ducantur. + trahuntur a patribus, ut Tydides, Tydei + filius, Aeneius, + Aeneae filius, quamvis et a matribus et a + maioribus ducantur. Ctetica, id est possessiva, a possessione, ut Evandrius ensis. Epitheta, quae Latine adiectiva vel superposita appellantur, eo quod ad inplendam sui significationem nominibus adiciantur, ut magnus, doctus. Adicis ea personis, ut magnus philosophus, doctus - homo, et plenus est sensus. + corresp="#Junius25_138v"/>Adicis ea personis, ut magnus philosophus, + doctus homo, et plenus est sensus. Actualia ab actu descendunt, ut - dux, + dux, rex, cursor, - nutrix, orator. Gentis a gente veniunt, ut Graecus, Romanus. + nutrix, orator. Gentis a gente veniunt, ut Graecus, Romanus. Patriae a patria descendunt, ut Atheniensis, Thebanus. Loci a loco, ut suburbanus. + >Loci a loco, ut suburbanus. Verbialia dicuntur, quia de verbo nascuntur, ut lector. Participalia, quae sic sonant sicut participia, ut legens + type="lemma" xml:id="L7.26.1">participia, ut legens - , demens - . Verbis similia, a verbi similitudine dicta, ut contemplator. Nam et verbum - est imperativi modi, futuri temporis, et nomen, quia conparationem recipit. Haec - omnes species a nominum appellatione descendunt. + , demens + . Verbis similia, a verbi similitudine dicta, ut contemplator. Nam et verbum est + imperativi modi, futuri temporis, et nomen, quia conparationem recipit. Haec omnes + species a nominum appellatione descendunt. Secunda pars nominis conparatio. Conparatio dicta quia ex alterius conparatione alterum praefert. Cuius gradus tres sunt: positivus, conparativus, @@ -4605,8 +5221,8 @@ xml:id="L7.32.4">accusamus, ut accuso hunc magistrum. Vocativus, quia per eum aliquem vocamus, ut o - magister. Ablativus, quia per eum nos auferre aliquid + corresp="#VLO41_41r"/>o + magister. Ablativus, quia per eum nos auferre aliquid cuiquam significamus, ut aufer a magistro. Hexaptota nomina dicta eo, quod @@ -4616,13 +5232,13 @@ >Tetraptota, quod tantum in quattuor casibus declinentur, ut lateris. Triptota, quod tantum in tribus, ut templum. Diptota, quod tantum in duobus, ut Iuppiter. Monoptota, quod uno tantum casu utuntur, ut frugi. + xml:id="L7.33.6">in tribus, ut templum. Diptota, quod tantum in duobus, ut Iuppiter. Monoptota, quod uno tantum casu utuntur, ut frugi.
DE PRONOMINE. @@ -4701,15 +5317,15 @@ Verborum genera duo sunt: grammaticorum atque rhetorum. Grammaticorum in tria cadunt tempora: praeteritum, instans, futurum, ut - fecit, - facit, - faciet. instans, futurum, ut fecit, facit, faciet. Rhetorum autem universa oratio verba dicuntur veluti, verbis bonis nos - cepit, verba - bona habuit, ubi non + >veluti, verbis bonis nos + cepit, verba + bona habuit, ubi non tantum verba, quae in tria cadunt tempora, sed universa oratio est. Verborum species sunt formae, modi, Nam Meditativa dicta est a meditantis sensu, - ut lecturio, lecturio, id est legere volo. Inchoativa post meditationem ab inchoantis indicio, ut - calesco. - Frequentativa a calesco. Frequentativa a saepius - agendo, ut lectito, clamito. Formae enim sensum tenent, modi - declinationem. Nam nescis quid sit declinatio, nisi prius didiceris quid sit - sensus. + agendo, ut lectito, clamito. Formae enim sensum + tenent, modi declinationem. Nam nescis quid sit declinatio, nisi prius didiceris + quid sit sensus. Modi dicti ab eo, quemadmodum sint in suis significationibus. @@ -4752,12 +5368,12 @@ modus dicitur eo, quod tempora definiens personam verbi non definit, ut - clamare, clamasse. Cui si adiungas personam: clamare debeo, - debes, debet fit quasi finitum. Inpersonalis dicitur, quia indiget personam nominis vel pronominis, ut + clamare, clamasse. Cui si adiungas personam: clamare + debeo, debes, debet fit quasi finitum. Inpersonalis dicitur, quia indiget personam nominis vel pronominis, ut legitur: addes personam a me, a te, ab @@ -4782,10 +5398,10 @@ , ut verbero et - passiva, quia patiuntur, ut - verberor; - neutralia, quia nec agunt nec patiuntur, - ut iaceo, + passiva, quia patiuntur, ut verberor; neutralia, + quia nec agunt nec patiuntur, ut iaceo, sedeo. His si R litteram adicis, non sonant Latine. Communia dicuntur quia et agunt et @@ -4793,8 +5409,8 @@ xml:id="L9.7.14">Haec similiter, deposita R littera, Latina non sunt. Deponentia vero dicuntur, quia deponunt futuri temporis participium a - significatione passiva, quod exit in dus ut gloriandus. + significatione passiva, quod exit in dus ut gloriandus.
DE ADVERBIO. @@ -4873,8 +5489,8 @@ type="lemma" xml:id="L13.1.3">verbis semper cohaerent, nec aliquid valent solae positae, ut di, dis. Coniunctae vero verbis figuram faciunt, - ut diduco, distraho. + ut diduco, distraho.
DE INTERIECTIONE. @@ -4885,10 +5501,10 @@ exprimit, sicut cum dicitur ab exultante vah, a dolente heu, ab irascente - hem, a timente ei. Quae voces quarumcumque linguarum propriae sunt, nec in aliam - linguam facile transferuntur. + hem, a timente ei. Quae voces quarumcumque linguarum propriae sunt, nec in aliam linguam facile + transferuntur.
@@ -5307,10 +5923,10 @@ propter distinctionem, ut: Viridique in litore conspicitur sus, ne dicas ursus; vel propter - pronuntiationem, ne dicas meta breviter et non producta meta; - vel discernendae ambiguitatis causa, ut ergo. Nam cum - producitur go + pronuntiationem, ne dicas meta breviter et non producta + meta; vel discernendae ambiguitatis causa, ut + ergo. Nam cum producitur go causam significat; cum corripitur, coniunctionem.
@@ -5339,9 +5955,9 @@ e contrario separat, dextra pars circuli supposita versui, fit ita: ˀ Apostrophus pars item circuli dextra et ad summam litteram adposita, fit ita: Ͻ, qua nota deesse ostenditur in - sermone ultima vocalis, ut tribunal pro tribunale. + sermone ultima vocalis, ut tribunal pro tribunale. Δασεια, quod interpretatur aspiratio, id est ubi H littera poni debet, tali figura notatur: Ͱ @@ -5593,8 +6209,8 @@ et T dumtaxat per supinam W litteram - mulier per P secundum naturam pupillus per P verso capite + mulier per P secundum naturam pupillus per P verso capite pupilla per unum K caput per duo KK iuncta calumniae causa per I et E iudex esto per D et M dolum malum. @@ -5717,22 +6333,21 @@ Interdum autem aliae litterae in locum aliarum litterarum rite ponuntur. B et P litteris quaedam cognatio est. Nam pro Burro dicimus - Pyrrhum. C - et G + type="lemma" xml:id="L27.4.4">cognatio est. Nam pro Burro dicimus Pyrrhum. C et G litterae quandam - cognationem habent. Nam dum dicimus - centum + cognationem habent. Nam dum dicimus centum et trecentos postea dicimus quadringentos, G ponentes pro C. C et Q similiter cognatio est. Nam huiusce per C, + corresp="#Bologna797_68v"/>C et Q similiter cognatio est. Nam huiusce per C, cuiusque per Q scribimus. Cum autem praepositio per C scribenda est; si autem adverbium fuerit, per Q. Dicimus enim quum lego. Deus per E solam: @@ -5741,31 +6356,31 @@ Equus quod est animal, per E solam scribendum. Aequus quod est iustus, per AE dipthonga scribendum. - Exsul + Exsul addito S debet scribi, quia exsul dicitur qui extra solum est. Exultat melius sine S littera scribitur. Nam cum ipsa X ex C et S constat, quomodo, cum in ea sit, rursus ei additur alia? - Aequor per + Aequor per dipthonga scribendum, quia ab aqua est nomen factum. - Forsitan per N + Forsitan per N scribendum in fine, quia integrum eius est si forte tandem. - Fedus quod est + Fedus quod est deformis, per E solam scribendum est - : foedus + : foedus quod est pactum, cum O et E dipthonga scribendum. - Formosus sine N + Formosus sine N scribitur, quia a forma vocatur sive etiam a formo, id est calido; calor enim sanguinis efficit pulcritudinem - . Gnatus + . Gnatus quod est filius, per G scribendum, quia facit generatus. H, quae aspirationis littera @@ -5779,11 +6394,11 @@ per H scribendae. I littera inter duas vocales constituta, bis scribi quidam existimabant, ut in Troia et Maia. Hoc ratio non - permittit. Numquam enim tres vocales in una syllaba scribuntur. Sed I littera inter duas vocales constituta pro + >existimabant, ut in Troia et Maia. Hoc + ratio non permittit. Numquam enim tres vocales in una syllaba scribuntur. + Sed I littera inter duas vocales constituta pro duplici habetur. Id pronomen neutri generis per D scribitur, ab eo quod est @@ -5794,13 +6409,14 @@ itur. K litteram antiqui praeponebant quotiens A sequebatur, ut - kaput, kanna, kalamus. Nunc autem Karthago et - kalendae per eandem tantum scribuntur. Omnia autem - Graeca nomina qualicumque sequente vocali per K sunt scribenda. + kaput, kanna, kalamus. Nunc autem + Karthago et kalendae per eandem + tantum scribuntur. Omnia autem Graeca nomina qualicumque sequente vocali per K + sunt scribenda. - Laetus per + Laetus per dipthonga scribitur, quia laetitia a latitudine vocata est, cuius e contrario est tristitia, quae angustiam facit. L autem litteram interdum pro D littera utimur, ut @@ -5809,7 +6425,7 @@ cadamitatem; a cadendo enim nomen sumpsit calamitas. - Maxumus an + Maxumus an maximus et si qua similia sunt qualiter scribi debeant quaesitum est. Varro tradit Caesarem per I eiusmodi verba @@ -5821,32 +6437,32 @@ maximus, optimus, pessimus scribatur. - Malo per unum L scribendum, quia est magis - volo. Malle per duo LL, quia est - magis velle. Nolo quoque per unum L; + Malo per unum L scribendum, quia est + magis volo. Malle per duo LL, + quia est magis velle. Nolo quoque per unum L; et nolle per duo. Nolo enim nevolo est; nolle nevelle. - Os si Os si vultum aut ossum significat per O solam scribendum est; si personam, H praeponenda est. Ora finium per O; - hora dierum per H scribendum. Onus si de onere venit, O sola scribendum; si de - honore, cum H aspiratione. + hora dierum per H scribendum. Onus si de onere venit, O sola scribendum; si de honore, cum H + aspiratione. Praepositio et praeterea per - dipthonga scribendum. Pene vero, quod est coniunctio, per E; + dipthonga scribendum. Pene vero, quod est coniunctio, per E; poena quod est supplicium, per OE. Q littera tunc recte ponitur, @@ -5865,16 +6481,15 @@ est scribendum; quando numerus, per T, quia totidem per T scribitur. - Quotidie per Q scribendum, non per C, ut sit - quot - diebus. - R littera communionem habet cum S littera. Itaque apud anticos - honos, + Quotidie per Q scribendum, non per C, ut sit quot diebus. + R littera communionem habet cum S littera. Itaque apud anticos honos, labos, arbos dicebatur, nunc honor, labor, arbor. - Sat per T scribi + Sat per T scribi oportet, quia integrum eius facit satis. Sed per D oportet scribi. Apud anticos enim sed sedum dicebatur; nos finales duas Xps, quia Graecum est, per X scribendum. - Ita et Xrisma. + Ita et Xrisma. Y et Z litteris sola Graeca nomina scribuntur. Nam cum iustitia sonum Z littera exprimat, tamen, quia Latinum - est, per T scribendum est. Sic militia, malitia, + est, per T scribendum est. Sic militia, malitia, nequitia et cetera similia. In dubiis quoque verbis consuetudo veterum erat ut, cum eadem littera alium intellectum correpta, alium producta haberet, longae syllabae apicem adponebant; utputa - populus + populus arborem significaret, an hominum multitudinem, apice distinguebatur. Sic et ubi litterae consonantes geminabantur, sicilicum - superponebant, ut cella, serra, asseres. superponebant, ut cella, serra, asseres. Veteres enim non duplicabant litteras, sed supra sicilicos adponebant; qua nota lepus et lupus. Totum convenit, sed dissentiunt casu; facit enim lupi, leporis. Nam regulariter - est, dum quaeris utrum trames masculinum sit an femininum, - similis est illi in omni declinatione limes et erit masculinum. + est, dum quaeris utrum trames masculinum sit an + femininum, similis est illi in omni declinatione limes et erit masculinum. Item funis si incerti generis esse credis, similis est illi panis in declinatione, et @@ -5951,10 +6566,11 @@ masculinum esse funiculus ostendit, sicut marmor neutri esse generis marmusculum indicat. Nam quod genus in principalitate est, id esse solet in diminutione. Sed - hoc non semper, ut pistrinum, pistrilla. Sed quia scire debemus ex positione + hoc non semper, ut pistrinum, pistrilla. Sed quia scire debemus ex + positione id est primitivo declinationem, ex diminutione genus regendo et recte agendo, aut ex origine, ut homo quia sit ex humo, aut ex contrariis ut a lavando - lutum dum + lutum dum lutum non sit mundum, et lucus quia umbra opacus parum prudens; quaedam etiam ex vocibus, ut a garrulitate - garrulus; quaedam + garrulus; quaedam ex Graeca etymologia orta et declinata sunt in Latinum, ut - silva, - domus. + type="lemma" xml:id="L29.4.5">declinata sunt in Latinum, ut silva, domus. Alia quoque ex nominibus locorum, urbium, @@ -6045,10 +6661,10 @@ haurit, percutit. Item cum terminum dicimus finem, aut populatas - interpretamur esse vastatas, et omnino cum unius verbi rem uno verbo manifestamus. + interpretamur esse vastatas, et omnino cum unius verbi rem uno verbo manifestamus.
DE DIFFERENTIIS. @@ -6163,8 +6779,8 @@ corruptio. Verba enim non recta lege coniuncta soloecismus est, ut si quis dicat inter nobis pro inter nos aut date veniam sceleratorum pro sceleratis. + >sceleratorum pro sceleratis. Dictus autem soloecismus a Cilicibus, qui ex urbe Solo, quae nunc Pompeiopolis appellatur, Barbarismus est corruptio verbi unius - ut si tertiam syllabam quis producat in ignoscere + ut si tertiam syllabam quis producat in ignoscere . Soloecismus conpositio vitiosa verborum @@ -6220,9 +6836,9 @@ formidare, non sperare; et: Gramineo in campo. - Proprium est graminosum dicere campum, non gramineum. + Proprium est graminosum dicere campum, non gramineum. Cacemphaton dictio obscena vel geret Italia. Incerta distinctio, utrum bellum ingens an ingens Italia. - Fit et per commune verbum, ut: Deprecatur Cato, calumniatur - Cicero, praestolatur - Brutus, dedignatur Antonius; - nec ostenditur in hac ambiguitate utrum + Fit et per commune verbum, ut: Deprecatur Cato, calumniatur Cicero, + praestolatur + Brutus, dedignatur Antonius; + nec ostenditur in hac ambiguitate utrum ipsi alios, an alii ipsos deprecati sunt aut calumniati. Fit et per homonyma, quo uno @@ -6408,17 +7025,18 @@ >induperator pro inperator . Paragoge adpositio in finem, ut - admittier - pro admitti, + admittier + pro admitti, magis pro mage et potestur pro potest - . Aphaeresis abscisio de principio, - ut temno pro contemno. Syncope abscisio - de medio, ut forsan pro - forsitan. Apocope abscisio - de fine, ut sat pro satis. + . Aphaeresis abscisio + de principio, ut temno pro + contemno. Syncope abscisio de medio, ut forsan pro forsitan. Apocope abscisio de + fine, ut sat pro + satis. Ectasis, productio contra naturam, ut: @@ -6443,9 +7061,9 @@ Episynaloephe conglutinatio duarum syllabarum - in unam, ut Phaethon pro Phaëthon, Neri pro + in unam, ut Phaethon pro Phaëthon, + Neri pro Nereï, Aeripedem pro Aëripedem. Synaloephe conlisio vocalium adiuncta vocalibus, @@ -6470,8 +7088,8 @@ . Metathesis transpositio litterae, ut Thymbre pro Thymber + >Thymbre pro Thymber Evandre pro @@ -6632,8 +7250,8 @@ Aut singularis dictio plurali verbo expleta, ut: Sunt nobis mitia poma - et pressi copia lactis. + et pressi + copia lactis. Supra enim sunt dixit. Hic debuit dicere: est et pressi copia lactis. @@ -6692,9 +7310,9 @@ quo prior versus finivit, sequens versus incipit, ut est illud: Certent et cygnis ululae, sit Tityrus - Orpheus, + xml:id="L36.7.3">cygnis + ululae, sit Tityrus Orpheus, Orpheus in silvis, inter delphinas Arion. @@ -7184,8 +7802,8 @@ fallentis appareat. Quo tropo non solum augetur aliquid, sed et niinuitur: augetur, ut velocior Euro: minuitur, ut mollior pluma, - durior - saxo. Allegoria est alieniloquium. + durior saxo. + Allegoria est alieniloquium. Aliud enim sonat, et aliud intellegitur, ut: Tres litore cervos @@ -7221,13 +7839,13 @@ Antiphrasis est sermo e contrario intellegendus, ut lucus quia caret lucem per nimiam nemorum umbram; et manes, id est mites (quum sint inmites) - et modesti, cum sint nemorum umbram; et manes, id est mites (quum sint inmites) et + modesti, cum sint terribiles et inmanes; et Parcas et - Eumenides + >inmanes; et Parcas et Eumenides Furiae quod nulli parcant vel benefaciant. Hoc tropo et nani Athlantes et caeci videntes et modum statuit ratio unde reverteretur; et ab eo ipsum - versum vocatum, quod revertitur. + versum vocatum, quod revertitur. Huic adhaeret @@ -7424,9 +8042,9 @@ pronuntietur, unde hodie lanam, quam purgantes - discerpunt, carminare dicimus: seu quod qui illa + discerpunt, carminare dicimus: seu quod qui + illa canerent carere mentem existimabantur. Metra vel a pedibus nuncupata, @@ -8958,14 +9576,15 @@ - Phoenices - dicti a rubro mare quod - profecit in Siria qui Sidonem - urbem inibi condiderunt unde et postea - Sidones a civitate Sidon - nuncupaverunt + Phoenices dicti a + rubro mare quod profecit in + Siria qui Sidonem urbem inibi + condiderunt unde et postea Sidones + a civitate Sidon nuncupaverunt Phoenices dicti a rubro mare, quod + source="#Etym9.2.56 #Etym15.1.28">Phoenices dicti a rubro mare, + quod perfecit proficit @@ -8976,17 +9595,19 @@ nuncupaverunt nomen gentilis est et nomen avis - Phoenices dicti - a rubro mare, quod proficit in Syriam, quia Sidonem urbem inibi - condiderunt + Phoenices dicti a rubro mare, quod proficit in + Syriam, quia Sidonem urbem inibi condiderunt id est rubicundi - Phoenices dicti a rubro - mare, quod proficit in Syriam, qui Sidonem urbem inibi - condiderunt, unde et Lucanus - Phoenices dicti a - rubro mare, quod proficit in Syriam, qui Sidonem urbem inibi - condideruntIntegrated into the main text + Phoenices dicti a rubro mare, quod proficit in + Syriam, qui Sidonem urbem inibi condiderunt, unde et + Lucanus + Phoenices dicti a rubro mare, quod proficit in + Syriam, qui Sidonem urbem inibi condideruntIntegrated into the main + text id est rubicundi dicuntur rubei @@ -9278,10 +9899,11 @@ immortalisA notable error of the glossator: thanatos is Greek for death - + + aliter de qua quidam @@ -9289,6 +9911,8 @@ dicit + scilicet ait + sic + ait super @@ -9468,22 +10092,30 @@ sonantes + + + + semis Graece, Latine dimidium scimus - id est cadunt + id est + dimidium - id est suppositis + id est cadunt - exiliunt + id est suppositis + + + exiliunt - - id est mutas - scimus + + id est mutas + scimus hoc est diversas @@ -9537,8 +10169,11 @@ ut vulgus servus - + similis + hoc est in similitudinemIntegrated into the main + text id est @@ -9775,8 +10410,8 @@ coniunctio - ratio enim oris sine sensum esse non - potest + ratio enim oris sine sensum + esse non potest et computantur @@ -9988,20 +10623,24 @@ Only the tie-mark visible, the gloss missing - + - + + scilicet dicuntur dicebantur dicebantur vocati sunt - dicti sunt - scilicet dicebantur + continentur + dicti sunt + scilicet dicebantur + dicuntur quasi cognitionis nominis @@ -10300,9 +10939,11 @@ >et paternus et possessivus est dictus - + id est investigamus significamus + promimus est dictus @@ -10483,7 +11124,8 @@ id est derivativa - a vere boando, id est a vere sonando + a vere + boando, id est a vere sonando definitio substantialis a verbere @@ -10625,17 +11267,18 @@ - Perfecta a perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim - dicendum est quando in praesenti tempore legamusQuando abbreviated - as qm - Nam perfecta a - perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est quando in praesenti tempore - legimusIntegrated into the main text - Nam perfecta a perficiendo ut lego. Tunc - enim dicendum est quando in praesenti tempore legimus - Perfecta a - perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est quandoQuando abbreviated as - qm in praesenti tempore + Perfecta a perficiendo + ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est quando in praesenti tempore + legamusQuando abbreviated as qm + Nam perfecta a perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est quando in praesenti + tempore legimusIntegrated into the main text + Nam perfecta a + perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est quando in praesenti tempore + legimus + Perfecta a perficiendo ut lego. Tunc enim dicendum est + quandoQuando abbreviated as qm in praesenti tempore legamus legimus @@ -10729,7 +11372,8 @@ >quomodo - Coniugatio dicitur eo quod + Coniugatio dicitur eo quod sub uno et sub uno sub uno iugo multa subiugit @@ -10791,8 +11435,8 @@ id est adiungis - id est in una litteratura et actionem et - passionem significant + id est in una + litteratura et actionem et passionem significant scilicet communia @@ -10970,8 +11614,9 @@ >scilicet sicut ex eo ipsum - id est si autem legere non vis, saltem - dormi + id est si autem legere non vis, saltem dormi id est tamen @@ -11321,7 +11966,7 @@ rationes - + @@ -11331,18 +11976,22 @@ + - a Pyrrho filioIncomplete gloss; in - other mss.: a Pyrrho filio Achillis (e.g. Harley3941) - quasi certator - ludicus, vel a Pyrrho filio Achillis nominatus - quasi cantatorIn - Harley3941 + a Pyrrho + filioIncomplete gloss; in other mss.: a Pyrrho filio + Achillis (e.g. Harley3941) + quasi certator ludicus, vel a Pyrrho filio Achillis + nominatus + quasi cantatorIn Harley3941 certator, which seems to be the lectio dificilior; the insular -er- can be corrupted into -an- if incorrectly resolved, vel a @@ -11353,18 +12002,22 @@ Achilli Achillis nominatur - a PyrrhoIntegrated into the main text + a PyrrhoIntegrated + into the main text asona puerilis - sive ab igne appellatur, quia ignis - Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis - celeriter labitur - sive ab igne - appellatur, quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis celeriter labitur, id est - decurrit - sive ab igne - appellabatur, qui + sive + ab igne appellatur, quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia + velut ignis celeriter labitur + sive + ab igne appellatur, quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis celeriter + labitur, id est decurrit + sive + ab igne appellabatur, qui Graeci Graece @@ -11372,13 +12025,17 @@ velud velut ignis celeriter - labitur + labiturThe gloss received three + glosses: to pyr (ignis), celeriter + (velociter), and labitur (cadit) Graece dicitur ignis - sive ab igne appellatur, - quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis celeriter - labiturThe gloss received three glosses: to pyr - (ignis), celeriter (velociter), and - labitur (cadit) + sive + ab igne appellatur, quia ignis Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut + ignis celeriter labitur + sive + ab igne appellatur, qui Graece pyr dicitur, quia velut ignis celeriter + labitur ignis @@ -11536,6 +12193,10 @@ + + + + id est tali carmine id est iambico tali @@ -11651,15 +12312,13 @@ Aliud Id - Aliud found in the manuscript is perhaps a - corruption of aliter and - id admirandum est in his duobus pedibus, quod - prior suscepit qualitatem nominis contrarietate sequenti: in contrarietatem - ponitur eo quod brevitas in se percurrit; ille vero qui in contrarie ponitur non - de ea sumit vocabulum sed qualitate syllabarumIntegrated into the main - text; the opening Aliud is presumably a result of a - corruption of al for aliter/alibi and - id + admirandum est in his duobus pedibus, quod prior suscepit qualitatem + nominis contrarietate sequenti: in contrarietatem ponitur eo quod brevitas in se + percurrit; ille vero qui in contrarie ponitur non de ea sumit vocabulum sed + qualitate syllabarumIntegrated into the main text; the opening + Aliud is presumably a result of a corruption of al for + aliter/alibi and + id id est @@ -11713,7 +12372,7 @@ syllabam - + @@ -11728,6 +12387,8 @@ >circumlongus circumlongus circumlongus + dicitur de ista parte @@ -11750,8 +12411,8 @@ contra dissimilis vel iteratio - Antibacchius dicitur eo quod contrarius - sit + Antibacchius + dicitur eo quod contrarius sit bacchio, siquidem ubi bacchius habet brevem habet antibacchius longam @@ -11837,7 +12498,7 @@ convenientissimum convenientissimum - + @@ -11853,6 +12514,10 @@ inaequalesAn ink gloss overlaying an identical dry-point gloss + Ionicus minor et maior ex suo auctore Ion vocabulum sortiti sunt, a quo et Iones, id + est Athenienses, vocantur. Dictus autem minor, quod a brevitate syllabarum incipiat, + maior quod a longitudine @@ -11871,10 +12536,11 @@ sunt - + + @@ -11886,14 +12552,18 @@ quidam medicus appellatus est id est a Paeone poeta + Paeone poeta suo medicinae artis vocati sunt - + quasi supertertius + quattuor ex divisione sua nomina acceperunt et ideo epitriti insanissimi @@ -11947,8 +12617,8 @@ id est arsi et thesi id est arsin et thesin - id est in arsi et thesi, in elevatione et - positione + id est in arsi et + thesi, in elevatione et positione @@ -12023,8 +12693,9 @@ - Sescupla est - quando maior numerus continet minorem et eius medietatem, ut tres contra duo + Sescupla est quando maior numerus continet + minorem et eius medietatem, ut tres contra duo tempus @@ -12048,8 +12719,20 @@ plus - + + + + + + dupli + dupliIntegrated into the main text + + dupli + duplum + Integrated into the main text tempus @@ -12085,16 +12768,27 @@ dividuntur partiuntur - + + + + + divisione + divisione - + + + pedes - scilicet pedes + pedesIntegrated into the main text + scilicet pedes + pedes qui ldivisione scilicet divisione - dupla divisio est quando arsis duplo - vincat thesin vel vincatur a thesi + dupla divisio est quando arsis duplo vincat thesin vel vincatur a thesi convenit @@ -12123,8 +12818,9 @@ nascendi - sescupla est divisio quando arsis totum - habet thesin et eius mediam partem + sescupla + est divisio quando arsis totum habet thesin et eius mediam partem societas @@ -12161,8 +12857,8 @@ sicut est: Nunc mare, nunc silvae, et longai pro - longae + source="#PriscianI #HoraceEpodesXIII1">sicut est: Nunc mare, nunc silvae, et longai + pro longae et collocantur @@ -12221,8 +12917,8 @@ - - Accentus certa lex et regula ad erigendam - vel deponendam syllabam + Accentus + certa lex et regula ad erigendam vel deponendam syllabam a nomina feminina Graeca sunt quae nos mittimus e Graece mittunt in e @@ -12362,7 +13058,9 @@ - vocatur sedes iudicialia + vocatur sedes + iudicialia sedes iudicis iuxta tribunal stat virgifer @@ -12540,16 +13238,18 @@ id est aliter - qui dicitur apud - metricos penthemimeres, ut est: Arma virumque cano + qui dicitur apud metricos penthemimeres, ut + est: Arma virumque cano id est scissura membrum - ubi nulla - remanet per scansionem syllaba de parte orationis sicut est: Terrunt urbem + ubi nulla remanet per + scansionem syllaba de parte orationis sicut est: Terruit urbem exceptis his @@ -12813,7 +13513,7 @@ nomina locorum et nomina regionum vel praemia agtarum vel in tam nomina bellantium vel nomina plurimorum hominum - commemoratio secundum + commemoratio secundum scilicet similia nomina locorum separant @@ -12973,11 +13673,13 @@ annotatio duplex annotatio - + proprium nomen doctus GraecusAn ink gloss overlaying an identical dry-point gloss + poeta adiderat @@ -13950,9 +14652,9 @@ miseria - Maximus aut meritis aut aetate - id est eloquentia aut virtute aut omnibus, magis et - ma + Maximus aut + meritis, aut aetate, aut honore, aut fecundia, id est eloquentia, + aut virtute, aut omnibus magis ex maius investigatum @@ -13991,10 +14693,10 @@ ex non volo compositum - Os dictum quod per ipsum quasi per - ostium et cibos intus mittimus et sputum foris proicimus, vel quia - inde egrediuntur cibi, vel unde egrediuntur - sermones + Os dictum + quod per ipsum quasi per ostium et cibos intus mittimus et sputum foris proicimus, + vel quia inde egrediuntur cibi, vel unde + egrediuntur sermones id est buccam quae est in capite @@ -14115,11 +14817,7 @@ si Populus quando ad pu pertinet - at lus. Qasi fortiter ponitur - magnum sonum ddit exigue e resonat. Prout percussus - fuerit, ita sonat + at lus @@ -14130,12 +14828,17 @@ id est duplicabantur - + + + + + + id est sicilicus vero fit ita id est notulam @@ -14156,6 +14859,11 @@ inventum inventus est + et sicilicus quia in Sicilia invenitur + primoIntegrated into the main text + et + sicilicus quia in Sicilia inveniebatur primo mitebant @@ -14180,8 +14888,12 @@ paxilli id est nomen ponderis - + et antiqui + Quoniam si + fortiter percutitur aer magnum sonum + reddit; si vero exigue + modice resonat: prout percussus fuerit ita sonat perfectionem perfectionem - + + + + + hoc est subiecta Romanis sub una ditione subdita imperio + subdita imperio inconveniuntur inconvenienter - + The gloss is corrupted both in this manuscript and in Paris 7559 inconvenienter + >inconvenienterThe gloss is corrupted both in this + manuscript and in Orleans 296 - Soloecismus Graece, - Latine dicitur scissio et idcirco - soloecismus dit par quoniam duae ae + Scismus Graece, Latine dicitur scissio et + idcirco soloecismus scindit + partes, quoniam duae linguae corruptae sunt quasi scissionem linguae Soloensium @@ -15286,7 +16006,7 @@ timere dicitur quam sperare dolorem, quae Lucanus duo distinguens ait: Liceat sperare timenti - + @@ -15298,6 +16018,8 @@ quasi graminoso et gramineo in campo id est tempore messis properare + illud + acyrologia est @@ -15366,6 +16088,7 @@ + videreIntegrated into the main text @@ -15376,8 +16099,10 @@ Graeca - + videre + videreIntegrated into the main text subaudi @@ -15389,12 +16114,13 @@ dictio - + + sed si alio quolibet @@ -15409,6 +16135,9 @@ sed et si alio quolibet modo incomposita dictio proferatur, cacemphaton dicitur + sed et si alio quemlibet modo incomposita dictio + proferatur, cacemphaton dicitur plenasso. abundans @@ -15421,12 +16150,13 @@ si in prosa fit pleonasmos est. Super adiectio verbi - + + ad plenam @@ -15438,6 +16168,8 @@ source="#IsidorusIunior31_32">ad plenam significationem ad plenam significationem + ad plenam significationem quale in Vergilio Vergilius @@ -15454,10 +16186,11 @@ terrarum - + + Et in Isaia: Aure @@ -15469,6 +16202,10 @@ apud Iohannem: Quod vidimus oculis nostris, dum non aliter videmus nisi oculis. Et: Locutus sum linguam pars pro parte + Et in Isaia: Aure + audietis, dum non possumus audire nisi aure; et apud Iohannem: Quod vidimus oculis + nostris, dum non aliter videmus nisi oculis; et: Locutus sum lingua mea id est non terrae @@ -15539,18 +16276,21 @@ custodiant si vivit - + + vivit usitatur id est vivit vivitIntegrated into the main text + rend="integrated">si vivitIntegrated into the main text si vivit + id est + si vivit caelestia @@ -15590,9 +16330,9 @@ frequenti - egomet ipse - vel ego ipse legi specialiter ostendimus ad nos ipsum actum pertinere, id est quasi - non alii + egomet ipse vel ego ipse legi + specialiter ostendimus ad nos ipsum actum pertinere, id est quasi non alii loco @@ -15613,8 +16353,9 @@ deest quem - Cavernae - soricum sunt et serpentium et rates, id est parve naves stomachum perforunt + Cavernae soricum sunt et + serpentium et rates, id est parve naves stomachum perforunt @@ -15623,8 +16364,14 @@ naturam - + + + + + id est parvae naves + vel + parvae naves @@ -15650,9 +16397,10 @@ homo de Turno - Debuisse - dicere: Versaque hasta iuvencum terga fatigamus. Interposuit terga - metri necessitate pro versa hasta posuit + Debuisse dicere: Versaque hasta + iuvencum terga fatigamus. Interposuit terga metri + necessitate pro versa hasta posuit versaque iuvencum @@ -15711,21 +16459,29 @@ portet - + + vel + criminatur + + + vadatur + + - - + + - expectatur - id est expectatur + id est expectatur - - consul Romanorum certe nobilissimus + + consul Romanorum certe nobilissimus fuit - - dubietate + + dubietate id est vel ablatio ablatio - - contradico + + + + + + + dictionisIntegrated into the main + text + dictionisIntegrated into the main + text + dictionis - de termine + contradico + + + de termine extensio @@ -15913,9 +16684,15 @@ in litteratura perfecta illa conexio - + + + + + subaudi constat dicunt + dicunt subaudi cum @@ -16074,13 +16851,14 @@ hoc est in exordio loco - + + @@ -16093,6 +16871,8 @@ vas vinarium id est vas vinarium vas vinarium + vas + vinarium @@ -16169,25 +16949,32 @@ >consumptio, id est communis sio - + - + + + - + vocatur matura - dulcis, + castaneae mollesIntegrated into the main + text + dulcis, matura - castaneae + castaneae molles - castaneae molles - castaneae + castaneae molles + castaneae molles - initia + initia + castaneae molles @@ -16426,16 +17213,16 @@ silva silva - + - + - + locus locum @@ -16443,6 +17230,8 @@ nomen patriae locus patria + nomen + patriae @@ -16454,16 +17243,22 @@ in vitreo colore - + + + + + nomen fluvius fluvius fluvius id est nomen fluminis fons quidam + nomen + fluminis flumina @@ -17004,8 +17799,8 @@ ventos - Hypallage: Adducto arcu telum tetendit. - Nam adducitur telum et arcus tetenditur + Hypallage: + Adducto arcu telum tetendit. Nam adducitur telum et arcus tetenditur modus @@ -17437,7 +18232,9 @@ veloci velociter - + The reading before correction (veloci) is the + same as in Harley3941 and Paris7670 perpetuo a mento mente @@ -17681,10 +18478,20 @@ indicans indicat - + + + + + + scilicet ostendens + ostendensIntegrated into the main + text + ostendens transnominatio @@ -17941,16 +18748,22 @@ ille Troilus - + + + positum positum - positumIntegrated into the main text + positumIntegrated into the main text + positum @@ -18847,18 +19660,21 @@ deae gentilium - - + + + parvissimi id est parvissimi homines qui fiunt in aquisIntegrated into the main text + nani: parvissimi homines qui sunt in aquis - + @@ -18869,6 +19685,8 @@ >gigantes magni gigantes + mons figuras - + coopertus locutione + ut + est: Quaedam filia mater matris et mater filia est filiae suae @@ -19119,12 +19939,15 @@ Vergilius dixit de illo viro quem misit Iovis ad Aeneam in Cartagine quod per omnia - similis fuisset Mercurio + similis fuisset MercurioThe gloss contains a significant corruption that cannot + be resolved; also in Orleans296 Vergilius dixit de illo viro quem misit Iovis rei ad Aeneum Aeneam - in Cartagine quod per omnia similis fuisset Mercurio + in Cartagine quod per omnia similis fuisset MercurioThe gloss contains + a significant corruption that cannot be resolved; also in Harley3941 @@ -19266,10 +20089,11 @@ proprium proprium - + + @@ -19281,6 +20105,8 @@ civitas Africae id est civitas + civitas proprium @@ -19756,6 +20582,10 @@ auctorum + + dictum + @@ -20045,7 +20875,7 @@ tamen - + @@ -20055,24 +20885,31 @@ + + - hoc est fortiumIntegrated into the main + text + hoc est virorum fortiumIntegrated into the main text - seniorum vel + seniorum vel dominorum - hoc est fortium - hoc est fortium + virorum fortium - hoc est fortiumIntegrated into the main text - id est + id est fortium - hoc est fortium - hoc est + hoc est fortium + hoc est fortium - hoc est fortium + hoc est fortium + hoc + est fortium @@ -20369,11 +21206,15 @@ dubia est - + + + + + sub certo auctore id est inventoreIntegrated into the main text auctore + id + est inventore - + + + + + retenta id est soluta + soluta @@ -20496,19 +21345,24 @@ erant detentae timore - - + + + + - auderentIntegrated into the main text + auderent - auderent - auderent + auderentIntegrated into the main text - subaudi liceret - + subaudi liceret + auderent gloriam @@ -20632,10 +21486,11 @@ hand="#tirnote">una de septem sibyllis proprium nomen - + + @@ -20646,6 +21501,8 @@ nomen proprium civitatis + civitas @@ -20655,11 +21512,12 @@ scilicet hymnos hymnos - + + @@ -20672,6 +21530,8 @@ Apollinis idolum id est idolum + idolum @@ -20927,8 +21787,8 @@ - ebant historiam + scribebant historiam versus @@ -21316,13 +22176,16 @@ scilicet fabulae - + + id est incredibiles id est incredibiles + id + est incredibiles @@ -21486,7 +22349,9 @@ subiacens + >subiacensThe same gloss appears to the same passage twice, there shared by + two other manuscripts, but here isolated; a sign of (incorrect) + copying @@ -21524,21 +22389,25 @@ componuntur fabulae - + + id est mulier mulier id est mulier + id est + mulier - + + id est mulieri @@ -21546,6 +22415,8 @@ mulieri id est mulieri + id est + mulieri locutionem @@ -22059,7 +22930,11 @@ conscripserunt immiscuerunt - + + + + + integritas, perfectio annorum @@ -22067,6 +22942,8 @@ id est numerusIntegrated into the main text + id est + numerus @@ -22240,6 +23117,14 @@ Alcuin, De grammatica (PL 101, col. 857) + Ars Laureshamensis I, De pedibus (p. 169) + Ars Laureshamensis I, De pedibus (p. 176) + Ars Laureshamensis I, De coniunctione (p. 134) + Ars Laureshamensis III, De ceteris vitiis (p. + 209) + Ars Laureshamensis III, De ceteris vitiis (p. + 210) + Augustine, De dialectica VI (p. 9) Augustine, De musica I 2, 2 Biblia: Actus apostolorum 28, 26 Biblia: Apocalypsis 1, 8 @@ -22264,6 +23149,8 @@ Corpus glossariorum latinorum IV 28, 13 Corpus glossariorum latinorum V 417, 45 Corpus glossariorum latinorum V 619, 4 + Donatus Ortigraphus, Ars grammatica: De gerendi + modo Ennius, Annales 31 (Skutch) Ennius, Annales 78 (Skutch) Ennius, Annales 104 (Skutch) @@ -22275,10 +23162,16 @@ Isidore, Etymologiae I 17.16 Isidore, Etymologiae II 24.1-2 Isidore, Etymologiae III 15.1 + Isidore, Etymologiae III 23.2 Isidore, Etymologiae III 24.1 + Isidore, Etymologiae IX 2.56 + Isidore, Etymologiae X 171 + Isidore, Etymologiae XI 1.49 Isidore, Etymologiae XIII 9.2 + Isidore, Etymologiae XV 1.28 Isidore, Etymologiae XV 1.71 Isidore, Etymologiaee XV 3.1 + Horatius, Epodes I 2 Horatius, Epodes II 1-2 Horatius, Epodes XIII 1 Isidorus Iunior, De vitiis 18-23 @@ -22287,6 +23180,9 @@ Isidorus Iunior, De vitiis 33-36 Isidorus Iunior, De vitiis 499 Iuvenalis, Saturae XIV 139 + Julian of Toledo, Ars grammatica II 11.10 + Julian of Toledo, Ars grammatica II 11.31 + Julian of Toledo, Ars grammatica II 12.1 Livius, Fragmentum 75 Lucanus, Pharsalia I 15 Lucanus, Pharsalia I 151 @@ -22296,6 +23192,13 @@ Lucilius, Saturae 139 Lucius Afranius, Comoediarum togatarum fragm. 428-429 Lucretius, De natura rerum V 905 + Macrobius, Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis II + 1.16 + Malsachanus, Congregatio de verbo (p. 197) + Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem I (p. 29) + Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem I (p. 35) + Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem II (p. 173) + Murethach, In Donati artiem maiorem III (p. 204) Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem III (p. 214) Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem III (p. 216) Murethach, In Donati artem maiorem III (p. 217) @@ -22310,21 +23213,38 @@ Persius, Saturae V 79-81 Plautus, Fragmenta 159 Plinius, Historia Naturalis II 21 + Priscian, Institutiones grammaticae I (GL II, p. 16) Priscian, Institutiones grammaticae II (GL II, p. 57) Priscian, Institutiones grammaticae XIV (GL III, p. 24) + ps-Marius Victorinus (Aelius Festus + Aphthonius), De metris omnibus III (p. 116) Quintilianus, Institutio oratoria VII 9 Sacerdos, Ars grammatica (CG VI 446, 13) Sacerdos, Ars grammatica (CG VI 499, 21) Sedulius, Carmen paschale I 141 (CPL 1447, p. 26) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem I (p. 30) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem I (p. 37) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem II (p. 198) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem II (p. 280) Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem maiorem II (p. 297) + Sedulius Scottus, In Donati Artem + maiorem II (p. 298) + Sergius, Commentarium in Artem Donati: De syllaba (p. + 479) Servius, In Aeneidem I 211 + Servius, In Aeneidem V 507 Servius, In Aeneidem X 88 Terentius, Adelphoe 537 Terentius, Andria 68 Terentius, Andria 475 Terentius, Eunuchus 732 Terentius, Phormio 78 + Vergilius, Aeneis I 1 Vergilius, Aeneis I 2 Vergilius, Aeneis I 3 Vergilius, Aeneis I 12 @@ -22467,14 +23387,15 @@ Paris Lat. 7670 Cluster of glosses shared by Orleans 296 and Paris Lat. 7670 - Cluster of glosses shared by Paris Lat. 7490 and Paris - Lat. 7670 + Cluster of glosses shared by Paris Lat. 7490 and + Paris Lat. 7670 Cluster of glosses shared by London Harley 3941 and Paris Lat. 7670 Glosses shared between Madrid RAH 76 and Madrid RAH 25 - Set of glosses to Etym. I 21 (shared by Paris Lat. 11278 - and London Harley 3941, but also reflected in Paris Lat. 7585 and Cotton Caligula A.xv) + Set of glosses to Etym. I 21 (shared by Paris Lat. + 11278 and London Harley 3941, but also reflected in Paris Lat. 7585 and Cotton Caligula + A.xv) Agreement between Leiden VLO 41 and Trier 100 Agreement between Orleans 296 and Reims