diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 03159d4..1e3c551 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ checksum = "c980ee35e870bd1a4d2c8294d4c04d0499e67bca1e4b5cefcc693c2fa00caea9"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -252,21 +252,6 @@ version = "2.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed570934406eb16438a4e976b1b4500774099c13b8cb96eec99f620f05090ddf"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "block-buffer"
-version = "0.10.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "byteorder"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -337,7 +322,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -363,76 +348,50 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "acbf1af155f9b9ef647e42cdc158db4b64a1b61f743629225fde6f3e0be2a7c7"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "cpufeatures"
-version = "0.2.12"
+name = "duct"
+version = "0.13.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "53fe5e26ff1b7aef8bca9c6080520cfb8d9333c7568e1829cef191a9723e5504"
+checksum = "e4ab5718d1224b63252cd0c6f74f6480f9ffeb117438a2e0f5cf6d9a4798929c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "os_pipe",
+ "shared_child",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crc32fast"
-version = "1.3.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b540bd8bc810d3885c6ea91e2018302f68baba2129ab3e88f32389ee9370880d"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "crossbeam-utils"
-version = "0.8.19"
+name = "either"
+version = "1.10.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "248e3bacc7dc6baa3b21e405ee045c3047101a49145e7e9eca583ab4c2ca5345"
+checksum = "11157ac094ffbdde99aa67b23417ebdd801842852b500e395a45a9c0aac03e4a"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "crypto-common"
-version = "0.1.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1bfb12502f3fc46cca1bb51ac28df9d618d813cdc3d2f25b9fe775a34af26bb3"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
- "typenum",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "digest"
-version = "0.10.7"
+name = "equivalent"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9ed9a281f7bc9b7576e61468ba615a66a5c8cfdff42420a70aa82701a3b1e292"
-dependencies = [
- "block-buffer",
- "crypto-common",
-]
+checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "duct"
-version = "0.13.7"
+name = "errno"
+version = "0.3.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4ab5718d1224b63252cd0c6f74f6480f9ffeb117438a2e0f5cf6d9a4798929c"
+checksum = "a258e46cdc063eb8519c00b9fc845fc47bcfca4130e2f08e88665ceda8474245"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "once_cell",
- "os_pipe",
- "shared_child",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "equivalent"
-version = "1.0.1"
+name = "fastrand"
+version = "2.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
+checksum = "25cbce373ec4653f1a01a31e8a5e5ec0c622dc27ff9c4e6606eefef5cbbed4a5"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "flate2"
-version = "1.0.28"
+name = "fixedbitset"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "46303f565772937ffe1d394a4fac6f411c6013172fadde9dcdb1e147a086940e"
-dependencies = [
- "crc32fast",
- "miniz_oxide",
-]
+checksum = "0ce7134b9999ecaf8bcd65542e436736ef32ddca1b3e06094cb6ec5755203b80"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
@@ -488,16 +447,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "pin-utils",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "generic-array"
-version = "0.14.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
-dependencies = [
- "typenum",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
 version = "0.2.12"
@@ -527,7 +476,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-util",
  "http 0.2.11",
- "indexmap 2.2.2",
+ "indexmap 2.2.3",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -546,7 +495,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures-sink",
  "futures-util",
  "http 1.0.0",
- "indexmap 2.2.2",
+ "indexmap 2.2.3",
  "slab",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-util",
@@ -573,9 +522,18 @@ checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.3.5"
+version = "0.3.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d0c62115964e08cb8039170eb33c1d0e2388a256930279edca206fff675f82c3"
+checksum = "bd5256b483761cd23699d0da46cc6fd2ee3be420bbe6d020ae4a091e70b7e9fd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "home"
+version = "0.5.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e3d1354bf6b7235cb4a0576c2619fd4ed18183f689b12b006a0ee7329eeff9a5"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
@@ -728,13 +686,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.2.2"
+version = "2.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "824b2ae422412366ba479e8111fd301f7b5faece8149317bb81925979a53f520"
+checksum = "233cf39063f058ea2caae4091bf4a3ef70a653afbc026f5c4a4135d114e3c177"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
  "hashbrown 0.14.3",
- "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "itertools"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -749,6 +715,12 @@ version = "0.2.153"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c198f91728a82281a64e1f4f9eeb25d82cb32a5de251c6bd1b5154d63a8e7bd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "linux-raw-sys"
+version = "0.4.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01cda141df6706de531b6c46c3a33ecca755538219bd484262fa09410c13539c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
 version = "0.4.20"
@@ -773,16 +745,6 @@ version = "0.3.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6877bb514081ee2a7ff5ef9de3281f14a4dd4bceac4c09388074a6b5df8a139a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "mime_guess"
-version = "2.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4192263c238a5f0d0c6bfd21f336a313a4ce1c450542449ca191bb657b4642ef"
-dependencies = [
- "mime",
- "unicase",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
 version = "0.7.2"
@@ -803,6 +765,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "multimap"
+version = "0.8.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e5ce46fe64a9d73be07dcbe690a38ce1b293be448fd8ce1e6c1b8062c9f72c6a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "nix"
 version = "0.27.1"
@@ -855,6 +823,16 @@ version = "2.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e3148f5046208a5d56bcfc03053e3ca6334e51da8dfb19b6cdc8b306fae3283e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "petgraph"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1d3afd2628e69da2be385eb6f2fd57c8ac7977ceeff6dc166ff1657b0e386a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "fixedbitset",
+ "indexmap 2.2.3",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pin-project"
 version = "1.1.4"
@@ -872,7 +850,7 @@ checksum = "266c042b60c9c76b8d53061e52b2e0d1116abc57cefc8c5cd671619a56ac3690"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -894,27 +872,13 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error"
-version = "1.0.4"
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da25490ff9892aab3fcf7c36f08cfb902dd3e71ca0f9f9517bea02a73a5ce38c"
+checksum = "a41cf62165e97c7f814d2221421dbb9afcbcdb0a88068e5ea206e19951c2cbb5"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro-error-attr",
  "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
- "version_check",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "proc-macro-error-attr"
-version = "1.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a1be40180e52ecc98ad80b184934baf3d0d29f979574e439af5a55274b35f869"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "version_check",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -933,6 +897,51 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "146c289cda302b98a28d40c8b3b90498d6e526dd24ac2ecea73e4e491685b94a"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
+ "prost-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-build"
+version = "0.12.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c55e02e35260070b6f716a2423c2ff1c3bb1642ddca6f99e1f26d06268a0e2d2"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "heck",
+ "itertools",
+ "log",
+ "multimap",
+ "once_cell",
+ "petgraph",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "prost",
+ "prost-types",
+ "regex",
+ "syn",
+ "tempfile",
+ "which",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-derive"
+version = "0.12.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "efb6c9a1dd1def8e2124d17e83a20af56f1570d6c2d2bd9e266ccb768df3840e"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "itertools",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-types"
+version = "0.12.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "193898f59edcf43c26227dcd4c8427f00d99d61e95dcde58dabd49fa291d470e"
+dependencies = [
+ "prost",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1014,65 +1023,45 @@ name = "rsjudge"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "axum 0.7.4",
  "cgroups",
  "clap",
  "clap_complete",
  "clap_mangen",
  "duct",
  "nix",
+ "rsjudge-grpc",
+ "rsjudge-rest",
  "rsjudge-runner",
  "serde",
  "strfmt",
  "tokio",
  "toml",
- "tonic",
- "utoipa",
- "utoipa-swagger-ui",
  "uzers",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rsjudge-runner"
+name = "rsjudge-grpc"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
- "nix",
- "uzers",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "rust-embed"
-version = "8.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a82c0bbc10308ed323529fd3c1dce8badda635aa319a5ff0e6466f33b8101e3f"
-dependencies = [
- "rust-embed-impl",
- "rust-embed-utils",
- "walkdir",
+ "tonic",
+ "tonic-build",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rust-embed-impl"
-version = "8.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6227c01b1783cdfee1bcf844eb44594cd16ec71c35305bf1c9fb5aade2735e16"
+name = "rsjudge-rest"
+version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "rust-embed-utils",
- "syn 2.0.48",
- "walkdir",
+ "axum 0.7.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rust-embed-utils"
-version = "8.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8cb0a25bfbb2d4b4402179c2cf030387d9990857ce08a32592c6238db9fa8665"
+name = "rsjudge-runner"
+version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "sha2",
- "walkdir",
+ "anyhow",
+ "nix",
+ "uzers",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1081,6 +1070,19 @@ version = "0.1.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d626bb9dae77e28219937af045c257c28bfd3f69333c512553507f5f9798cb76"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.38.31"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6ea3e1a662af26cd7a3ba09c0297a31af215563ecf42817c98df621387f4e949"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.4.2",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustversion"
 version = "1.0.14"
@@ -1093,15 +1095,6 @@ version = "1.0.16"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f98d2aa92eebf49b69786be48e4477826b256916e84a57ff2a4f21923b48eb4c"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "same-file"
-version = "1.0.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "serde"
 version = "1.0.196"
@@ -1119,7 +1112,7 @@ checksum = "33c85360c95e7d137454dc81d9a4ed2b8efd8fbe19cee57357b32b9771fccb67"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1164,17 +1157,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sha2"
-version = "0.10.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "793db75ad2bcafc3ffa7c68b215fee268f537982cd901d132f89c6343f3a3dc8"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "shared_child"
 version = "1.0.0"
@@ -1216,16 +1198,6 @@ version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5ee073c9e4cd00e28217186dbe12796d692868f432bf2e97ee73bed0c56dfa01"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "syn"
-version = "1.0.109"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "unicode-ident",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "2.0.48"
@@ -1243,6 +1215,18 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2047c6ded9c721764247e62cd3b03c09ffc529b2ba5b10ec482ae507a4a70160"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tempfile"
+version = "3.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a365e8cd18e44762ef95d87f284f4b5cd04107fec2ff3052bd6a3e6069669e67"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "fastrand",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
 version = "1.36.0"
@@ -1278,7 +1262,7 @@ checksum = "5b8a1e28f2deaa14e508979454cb3a223b10b938b45af148bc0986de36f1923b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1329,11 +1313,11 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "toml_edit"
-version = "0.22.4"
+version = "0.22.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0c9ffdf896f8daaabf9b66ba8e77ea1ed5ed0f72821b398aba62352e95062951"
+checksum = "99e68c159e8f5ba8a28c4eb7b0c0c190d77bb479047ca713270048145a9ad28a"
 dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.2.2",
+ "indexmap 2.2.3",
  "serde",
  "serde_spanned",
  "toml_datetime",
@@ -1367,6 +1351,19 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tonic-build"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "be4ef6dd70a610078cb4e338a0f79d06bc759ff1b22d2120c2ff02ae264ba9c2"
+dependencies = [
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "prost-build",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "tower"
 version = "0.4.13"
@@ -1419,7 +1416,7 @@ checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.48",
+ "syn",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1437,21 +1434,6 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e421abadd41a4225275504ea4d6566923418b7f05506fbc9c0fe86ba7396114b"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "typenum"
-version = "1.17.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42ff0bf0c66b8238c6f3b578df37d0b7848e55df8577b3f74f92a69acceeb825"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicase"
-version = "2.7.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7d2d4dafb69621809a81864c9c1b864479e1235c0dd4e199924b9742439ed89"
-dependencies = [
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.12"
@@ -1464,47 +1446,6 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "utoipa"
-version = "4.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "272ebdfbc99111033031d2f10e018836056e4d2c8e2acda76450ec7974269fa7"
-dependencies = [
- "indexmap 2.2.2",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "utoipa-gen",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "utoipa-gen"
-version = "4.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d3c9f4d08338c1bfa70dde39412a040a884c6f318b3d09aaaf3437a1e52027fc"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro-error",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "regex",
- "syn 2.0.48",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "utoipa-swagger-ui"
-version = "6.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0b39868d43c011961e04b41623e050aedf2cc93652562ff7935ce0f819aaf2da"
-dependencies = [
- "axum 0.7.4",
- "mime_guess",
- "regex",
- "rust-embed",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "utoipa",
- "zip",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "uzers"
 version = "0.11.3"
@@ -1515,22 +1456,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "version_check"
-version = "0.9.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "walkdir"
-version = "2.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d71d857dc86794ca4c280d616f7da00d2dbfd8cd788846559a6813e6aa4b54ee"
-dependencies = [
- "same-file",
- "winapi-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -1546,6 +1471,18 @@ version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "which"
+version = "4.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "87ba24419a2078cd2b0f2ede2691b6c66d8e47836da3b6db8265ebad47afbfc7"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+ "home",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
 version = "0.3.9"
@@ -1562,15 +1499,6 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-util"
-version = "0.1.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f29e6f9198ba0d26b4c9f07dbe6f9ed633e1f3d5b8b414090084349e46a52596"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
@@ -1711,9 +1639,9 @@ checksum = "dff9641d1cd4be8d1a070daf9e3773c5f67e78b4d9d42263020c057706765c04"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
-version = "0.5.39"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5389a154b01683d28c77f8f68f49dea75f0a4da32557a58f68ee51ebba472d29"
+checksum = "6b1dbce9e90e5404c5a52ed82b1d13fc8cfbdad85033b6f57546ffd1265f8451"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
@@ -1743,15 +1671,3 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "xshell",
 ]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "zip"
-version = "0.6.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "760394e246e4c28189f19d488c058bf16f564016aefac5d32bb1f3b51d5e9261"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
- "crc32fast",
- "crossbeam-utils",
- "flate2",
-]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 4889aa7..0b1bb76 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["crates/rsjudge-runner", "xtask"]
+members = ["crates/rsjudge-grpc", "crates/rsjudge-rest", "crates/rsjudge-runner", "xtask"]
 
 [workspace.package]
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ cgroups = "0.1.0"
 clap = { version = "4.5.0", features = ["derive"] }
 duct = "0.13.7"
 nix = { version = "0.27.1", features = ["fs"] }
+rsjudge-runner = { version = "0.1.0", path = "crates/rsjudge-runner" }
 serde = { version = "1.0.196", features = ["derive"] }
 strfmt = "0.2.4"
 tokio = { version = "1.36.0", features = ["fs"] }
@@ -80,19 +81,15 @@ toml = "0.8.10"
 uzers = "0.11.3"
 
 # Optional dependencies
-axum = { version = "0.7.4", optional = true }
-rsjudge-runner = { version = "0.1.0", path = "crates/rsjudge-runner" }
-tonic = { version = "0.11.0", optional = true }
-utoipa = { version = "4.2.0", features = ["axum_extras"], optional = true }
-utoipa-swagger-ui = { version = "6.0.0", features = ["axum"], optional = true }
+rsjudge-grpc = { version = "0.1.0", path = "crates/rsjudge-grpc", optional = true }
+rsjudge-rest = { version = "0.1.0", path = "crates/rsjudge-rest", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tokio = { version = "1.36.0", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros"] }
 
 [features]
-grpc = ["dep:tonic"]
-rest = ["dep:axum"]
-openapi = ["rest", "dep:utoipa", "dep:utoipa-swagger-ui"]
+grpc = ["dep:rsjudge-grpc"]
+rest = ["dep:rsjudge-rest"]
 default = ["grpc"]
 
 [build-dependencies]
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-grpc/Cargo.toml b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48dd08a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[package]
+name = "rsjudge-grpc"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+edition = "2021"
+license.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+tonic = "0.11.0"
+
+[build-dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.79"
+tonic-build = "0.11.0"
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-grpc/build.rs b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edbfdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use tonic_build::compile_protos;
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    compile_protos("proto/rsjudge/v1/rsjudge.proto")?;
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/buf.yaml b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/buf.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c013e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/buf.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+version: v1
+breaking:
+  use:
+    - FILE
+lint:
+  use:
+    - DEFAULT
+    - COMMENTS
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/rsjudge/v1/rsjudge.proto b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/rsjudge/v1/rsjudge.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06c10e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/proto/rsjudge/v1/rsjudge.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package rsjudge.v1;
+
+// The judging service definition.
+service JudgeService {
+  // Sends a self-test request.
+  rpc SelfTest(SelfTestRequest) returns (stream SelfTestResponse);
+  // Sends a judge request.
+  rpc Submit(SubmitRequest) returns (stream SubmitResponse);
+}
+
+// The request of self-test info, containing user's code and input.
+message SelfTestRequest {
+  // The language of the code.
+  string language = 1;
+  // The code to be tested.
+  string code = 2;
+  // The input of the program.
+  string stdin = 3;
+}
+
+// The response message containing the self-test results.
+message SelfTestResponse {
+  // The type of the response.
+  oneof self_test_response_type {
+    // Message indicating the compile result.
+    CompileInfo compile_info = 1;
+    // Message indicating the self-test result.
+    SelfTestSummary summary = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// Message indicating the compile result.
+message CompileInfo {
+  // Compiler exit status.
+  //
+  // 0 indicates the compiler exited normally.
+  // For interpreted languages, a non-zero exit status indicates semantic errors found in the code.
+  // For compiled languages, it means compilation errors.
+  int32 exit_status = 1;
+  // Compiler stdout.
+  string stdout = 2;
+  // Compiler stderr.
+  string stderr = 3;
+}
+
+// Message indicating the self-test result.
+message SelfTestSummary {
+  // The exit status of the user's program.
+  //
+  // 0 indicates the program exited normally.
+  int32 exit_status = 1;
+  // The stdout of the program.
+  string stdout = 2;
+  // The stderr of the program.
+  //
+  // This is not used by the judge system, but may be useful for debugging.
+  string stderr = 3;
+}
+
+// The request containing the user's code and judge info.
+//
+// We only showed part of the fields.
+message SubmitRequest {
+  // The language of the code.
+  string language = 1;
+  // The code to be judged.
+  string code = 2;
+  // The test case id.
+  //
+  // If the test case is updated, the test case id MUST be changed, so that the judger can request the latest test case.
+  int32 test_case_id = 3;
+}
+
+// The response message containing the judge results.
+message SubmitResponse {
+  // The type of the response.
+  oneof submit_response_type {
+    // Message indicating the compile result.
+    CompileInfo compile_info = 1;
+    // Message indicating the single case judge result.
+    //
+    // Case info may not be sent in order, so case id SHOULD be checked.
+    CaseInfo case_info = 2;
+    // Message indicating the judge result of all cases.
+    CasesSummary cases_summary = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+// Message indicating the single case judge result.
+message CaseInfo {
+  // The ID of the test case, usually starting from 1.
+  int32 case_id = 1;
+  // The exit status of the user's program.
+  int32 exit_status = 2;
+  // The judge result of the program.
+  JudgeResult result = 3;
+  // The score of the case.
+  int32 score = 4;
+}
+
+// Message indicating the judge result of all cases.
+message CasesSummary {
+  // The judge result of the program.
+  JudgeResult result = 1;
+  // The score of the program.
+  int32 score = 2;
+}
+
+// The judge result.
+enum JudgeResult {
+  // The judge result is unspecified.
+  //
+  // This is considered error and SHOULD NOT happen.
+  JUDGE_RESULT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  // The judge result is Accepted (AC).
+  JUDGE_RESULT_ACCEPTED = 1;
+  // The judge result is Wrong Answer (WA).
+  JUDGE_RESULT_WRONG_ANSWER = 2;
+  // The judge result is Runtime Error (RE).
+  JUDGE_RESULT_RUNTIME_ERROR = 3;
+}
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-grpc/src/lib.rs b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d12d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-grpc/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
+    left + right
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_works() {
+        let result = add(2, 2);
+        assert_eq!(result, 4);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-rest/Cargo.toml b/crates/rsjudge-rest/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eb8153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-rest/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "rsjudge-rest"
+edition = "2021"
+version.workspace = true
+authors.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+axum = "0.7.4"
diff --git a/crates/rsjudge-rest/src/lib.rs b/crates/rsjudge-rest/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d12d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/rsjudge-rest/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+pub fn add(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
+    left + right
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn it_works() {
+        let result = add(2, 2);
+        assert_eq!(result, 4);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index c6477e9..5ba6d0b 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use clap::Parser;
+use toml::Value;
 
 use crate::cli::Args;
 mod cli;
@@ -7,5 +8,10 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
     let args = Args::try_parse()?;
     println!("{:?}", args);
 
+    println!(
+        "Config:\n{:#?}",
+        toml::from_str::<Value>(include_str!("../templates/executors.toml"))?
+    );
+
     Ok(())
 }