diff --git a/rust-toolchain b/rust-toolchain
index cad2ef94..ef8b0923 100644
--- a/rust-toolchain
+++ b/rust-toolchain
@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.72.0
\ No newline at end of file
+1.77.0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_circuit.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_circuit.rs
index 01c62494..3449d9e6 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_circuit.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_circuit.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use crate::{
     proof::Proof,
     resource::{RandomSeed, Resource, ResourceCommitment},
     resource_encryption::{ResourceCiphertext, SecretKey},
-    utils::{mod_r_p, read_base_field},
+    utils::mod_r_p,
     vp_vk::ValidityPredicateVerifyingKey,
 };
 use dyn_clone::{clone_trait_object, DynClone};
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ impl BorshDeserialize for VPVerifyingInfo {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
         // Read vk
         use crate::circuit::vp_examples::TrivialValidityPredicateCircuit;
+        use crate::utils::read_base_field;
         let params = SETUP_PARAMS_MAP.get(&VP_CIRCUIT_PARAMS_SIZE).unwrap();
         let vk = VerifyingKey::read::<_, TrivialValidityPredicateCircuit>(reader, params)?;
         // Read proof
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_examples.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_examples.rs
index 6adb3daf..adaa99ef 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_examples.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/circuit/vp_examples.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use crate::{
     error::TransactionError,
     proof::Proof,
     resource::{RandomSeed, Resource},
-    utils::read_base_field,
     vp_commitment::ValidityPredicateCommitment,
     vp_vk::ValidityPredicateVerifyingKey,
 };
@@ -134,7 +133,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for TrivialValidityPredicateCircuit {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for TrivialValidityPredicateCircuit {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let owned_resource_id = read_base_field(reader)?;
+        let owned_resource_id = crate::utils::read_base_field(reader)?;
         let input_resources: Vec<_> = (0..NUM_RESOURCE)
             .map(|_| Resource::deserialize_reader(reader))
             .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/merkle_tree.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/merkle_tree.rs
index 4336cbed..9674a5ec 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/merkle_tree.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/merkle_tree.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 use crate::merkle_tree::LR::{L, R};
 use crate::resource::ResourceCommitment;
-use crate::utils::{poseidon_hash, read_base_field};
+use crate::utils::poseidon_hash;
 use crate::{constant::TAIGA_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH, resource::Resource};
 use ff::PrimeField;
 use halo2_proofs::arithmetic::Field;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for Anchor {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for Anchor {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let value = read_base_field(reader)?;
+        let value = crate::utils::read_base_field(reader)?;
         Ok(Self(value))
     }
 }
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for Node {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for Node {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let value = read_base_field(reader)?;
+        let value = crate::utils::read_base_field(reader)?;
         Ok(Self(value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/nullifier.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/nullifier.rs
index d591ee8b..a8ff1c8a 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/nullifier.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/nullifier.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 
 use crate::{
     resource::ResourceCommitment,
-    utils::{poseidon_hash_n, prf_nf, read_base_field},
+    utils::{poseidon_hash_n, prf_nf},
 };
 use halo2_proofs::arithmetic::Field;
 use pasta_curves::group::ff::PrimeField;
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for Nullifier {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for Nullifier {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let value = read_base_field(reader)?;
+        let value = crate::utils::read_base_field(reader)?;
         Ok(Self(value))
     }
 }
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/resource.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/resource.rs
index 05590a0f..f8c28cdf 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/resource.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/resource.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
     merkle_tree::{Anchor, MerklePath, Node},
     nullifier::{Nullifier, NullifierKeyContainer},
     shielded_ptx::ResourceVPVerifyingInfoSet,
-    utils::{poseidon_hash_n, poseidon_to_curve, read_base_field},
+    utils::{poseidon_hash_n, poseidon_to_curve},
 };
 use blake2b_simd::Params as Blake2bParams;
 use ff::{FromUniformBytes, PrimeField};
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for ResourceCommitment {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for ResourceCommitment {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let value = read_base_field(reader)?;
+        let value = crate::utils::read_base_field(reader)?;
         Ok(Self(value))
     }
 }
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ impl BorshSerialize for Resource {
 #[cfg(feature = "borsh")]
 impl BorshDeserialize for Resource {
     fn deserialize_reader<R: std::io::Read>(reader: &mut R) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        use crate::utils::read_base_field;
         use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt};
         use std::io;
         // Read logic
diff --git a/taiga_halo2/src/shielded_ptx.rs b/taiga_halo2/src/shielded_ptx.rs
index 1774c454..c20399ac 100644
--- a/taiga_halo2/src/shielded_ptx.rs
+++ b/taiga_halo2/src/shielded_ptx.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use crate::merkle_tree::Anchor;
 use crate::nullifier::Nullifier;
 use crate::proof::Proof;
 use crate::resource::{ResourceCommitment, ResourceValidityPredicates};
-use crate::utils::read_scalar_field;
 use halo2_proofs::plonk::Error;
 use pasta_curves::pallas;
 use rand::RngCore;
@@ -354,7 +353,7 @@ impl BorshDeserialize for ShieldedPartialTransaction {
         let binding_sig_r = if binding_sig_r_type == 0 {
             None
         } else {
-            let r = read_scalar_field(reader)?;
+            let r = crate::utils::read_scalar_field(reader)?;
             Some(r)
         };