[Go] Improve 32-bit support (GOARCH=386)

[joellubi]

Describe the enhancement requested

There are several parts of the code that currently fail on 32-bit systems like 386.

1. One problem is that the refCount int64 we currently use for reference-counted resources requires manual alignment on 32-bit systems when used with atomic.AddInt64. This was raised in [Go] parquet/pqarrow: panic: unaligned 64-bit atomic operation arrow#43186.
2. Another problem specific to 386 arch is that certain functions with archictecture-specific implementations do not have variants defined for 386, causing them to panic when compiled for that system.

apache/arrow#43206 starts to address these issues for a narrow subset of the codebase. This issue is intended to track the remaining work needed to add full support across the codebase.

Component(s)

Go