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You can copy this build to ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"})," or execute it directly in the directory, shown below:"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"./vpxenc --help | grep vp9 -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n vp9 - WebM Project VP9 Encoder v1.13.0 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n"})}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"vp8",children:"VP8"}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.em,{children:"Incomplete"})}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"vp9",children:"VP9"}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["For encoding VP9, vpxenc's default parameters are not considered optimal. There are a lot of options that are either disabled without reason or are simply misconfigured, hurting coding efficiency at little cost otherwise. As of mid-2021, some parameters (the TPL-model, lag-in-frames and auto-alt-ref frames) were changed (since libvpx 1.9.0 and libvpx 1.10.0) which means that there's not much use of setting these three parameters unless you're in ",(0,t.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/utilities/ffmpeg",children:"FFmpeg"}),". This section covers the most important options libvpx-vp9 has to offer, recommended settings, & what they do."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"encoding",children:"Encoding"}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--codec=vp9"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Self-explanatory."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--passes=2"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["vpxenc's 2-pass mode is quite fast compared to 2-pass in ",(0,t.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/x264",children:"x264"})," and x265. Only use 1-pass mode for real-time applications, which won't be covered here yet. It is the default in the standalone vpxenc libvpx-vp9 encoder."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--webm"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Enables WebM output for the encoder, and passes the encoder flags set. It is not necessary to enable it, but since it passes the encoder flags, I would use it. Can be changed to ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--ivf"})," for an ivf video stream."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--good"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This is a sort of quality deadline, the minimum speed the encoder is allowed to go to. It isn't recommended to use ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-\u2013best"})," as it is slow for the quality uplift you get. Do not use RT for anything but real-time encoding."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--threads=8"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Dictates the number of threads the encoder should spawn. It doesn\u2019t mean it\u2019ll scale all that well over those 8 threads. On a 16 thread CPU with a single encoder instance, I would use 8 threads. With multiple encoder instance encoding(with qencoder/av1an/neav1e), I would set it to 2 threads."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--profile=2"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"VP9 profile 2 is obligatory if you want 10-bit & 12-bit support for HDR, and improved quality from 8-bit."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--lag-in-frames=25"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Lag-in-frames is the libvpx equivalent of lookahead in x264. The higher the number, the slower the encoder will be, but at the upside of making it more efficient. Going above \u2013lag-in-frames=12 also activates another setting called alternate reference frames. 25 is the maximum you can get in libvpx-vp9. It is the default in the standalone vpxenc libvpx-vp9 encoder."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--end-usage=q"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Q mode is the closest equivalent to CRF that libvpx-vp9 offers, so use it if maximum quality is desired."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--cq-level=25"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"For 1080p30 8-bit content, it is recommended to go with a Q of 25; you can go lower if you value higher quality over pure efficiency. For 1080p60 8-bit content, I would recommend going with a higher Q value with a delta of around 15. So, a Q of 30 to 40 is usually recommended. Depending on the content, you may have to tune this value, so this advice is only useful in choosing a starting point."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--kf-max-dist=[input FPS * 10]"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This tells the encoder to have a maximum number of frames between keyframes. It will usually place a lower number of keyframes in content like movies, TV shows, or animated shows, so you can set it to a very high number or not set it at all if you want maximum efficiency for this kind of content. Otherwise, I would go with the 10-second rule: ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--kf-max-dist=240"})," for 24FPS content, 300 for 30FPS content, 600 for 60FPS content, and so on."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--cpu-used=3"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This is where the biggest balance of quality to speed is with libvpx-vp9. This is similar to presets in x264 and x265, except the lower the number, the slower the encoder takes. Using ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--cpu-used=3"})," & below enables RDO, which increases quality at the expense of speed. Another note: --cpu-used=5 and above are ",(0,t.jsx)(n.em,{children:"slower"})," in the 1st pass, so it isn't recommended to use them anyway."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--auto-alt-ref=1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:['Activates alternate reference frames. Alternate reference frames are "invisible" frames which are used as references when creating the final display frames. This allows the encoder to be a lot more efficient, so always use it. It is the default in the latest standalone vpxenc libvpx-vp9 encoder. ',(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--auto-alt-ref=6"})," can also be used, but be aware that this does require ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--profile=2"})," be set as mentioned above."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--arnr-maxframes=7"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"This is the maximum number of alternate reference frames the encoder is allowed to use. For most content, 7 is usually a good bet, and it is the default. With animated content, going with a value of 12 or to the max is a good bet, as animated content benefits from more additional alt-ref frames than other content. Be aware that increasing this value will impact encode speed."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--arnr-strength=4"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"This setting dictates how much denoising will occur in the alt-ref frames. Lowering it to 2 or 3 is usually a good bet for noisier/grainy content to try and retain more detail, but 4 is a sane starting place. The default setting is 5, which is fine for most content, but it can be beneficial going a bit lower. For animation, keeping the default of 5 is likely a better option."}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=0"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Adaptive quantization is the way for an encoder to spend more bits in certain areas to improve ",(0,t.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/psychovisual",children:"psychovisual fidelity"}),". ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-\u2013aq-mode=0"})," works well on clean content (animation, video games, screen content). ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=2"})," is recommended when you want to give more detail to more complex parts of a video."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--frame-boost=1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This flag lets the encoder periodically boost the bitrate of a scene/frame if it needs it. Leaving it at the default ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--frame-boost=0"})," is usually a good bet, & this isn't a particularly salient change."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tune-content=default"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This determines how the encoder is tuned. In libvpx-vp9, there are three options: ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"default"}),", ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"screen"}),", and ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"film"}),". Default is for most scenarios, screen is for screen content(video games, live-streaming content like web pages & your screen), and film is for heavily dithered/grainy video. Leaving it at the default for about everything but screen content as described above is probably the best option. ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tune-content=screen"})," with ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=2"})," is not recommended, as it creates some odd artifacts. It is advised to use ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=0"})," if ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tune-content=screen"})," is activated, or if you want better perceptual quality, ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=1"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--row-mt=1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Enables row multi-threading in libvpx-vp9. ",(0,t.jsx)(n.em,{children:"Always"})," enable it no matter what, as it does not hurt efficiency, but boosts speed considerably. This feature is disabled by default."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--bit-depth=10"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Always use 10-bit for maximum efficiency & minimal banding, even with an 8-bit source. Make sure to enable ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-\u2013profile=2"})," as mentioned above."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tile-columns=1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This setting divides the video into tile columns for easier parallelization when encoding & decoding. Setting ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-\u2013tile-columns=1"}),", you will get 2\xb9 tile columns. Setting it higher is a trade-off between parallelization & coding efficiency, as more tiles means less information your encoder can work with, and this will result in decreased efficiency. Do note there is an upper threshold in regards to the number of tile columns you can get due to the fixed minimum tile width of 256 pixels. So, this means 4 tile columns (2\xb2) for 720p and 1080p, 8 tile columns (2\u2074) for 1440p/4k, and so on. If you set a tile column number that is too high, it will drop down to the lowest supported number of tile columns at the input resolution."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tile-rows=0"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This setting divides the video into tile rows. This option is different from columns because although it also makes decoding performance higher, it does not scale as well as tile columns & doesn\u2019t increase encoder threading nearly as much. Always use more tile-columns than rows, or leave the number of tile rows at default (0). Leaving the encoder defaults at ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-\u2013tile-rows=0"})," & ",(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"\u2013-tile-columns=0"})," will result in the highest overall coding efficiency possible with these options."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.li,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--enable-tpl=1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"This option enables a temporal layer model, which helps with coding efficiency. It is the default in the standalone vpxenc libvpx-vp9 encoder."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"All of these options are only available for the standalone vpxenc program. Here is a sample FFmpeg command line interpretation of the commands above, with some options missing:"}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libvpx-vp9 -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -pass 1 -quality good -threads 4 -profile:v 2 -lag-in-frames 25 -crf 25 -b:v 0 -g 240 -cpu-used 4 -auto-alt-ref 1 -arnr-maxframes 7 -arnr-strength 4 -aq-mode 0 -tile-rows 0 -tile-columns 1 -enable-tpl 1 -row-mt 1 -f null -\nffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libvpx-vp9 -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -pass 2 -quality good -threads 4 -profile:v 2 -lag-in-frames 25 -crf 25 -b:v 0 -g 240 -cpu-used 4 -auto-alt-ref 1 -arnr-maxframes 7 -arnr-strength 4 -aq-mode 0 -tile-rows 0 -tile-columns 1 -enable-tpl 1 -row-mt 1 output.mkv\n"})}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Alternatively, you can pass a raw .y4m stream to standalone vpxenc & encode that way."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,t.jsx)(n.em,{children:"VP9 section written based on work by BlueSwordM, who has granted written permission for this wiki page to exist in its current fashion"})})]})}function h(e={}){const{wrapper:n}={...(0,s.a)(),...e.components};return n?(0,t.jsx)(n,{...e,children:(0,t.jsx)(d,{...e})}):d(e)}},1151:(e,n,i)=>{i.d(n,{Z:()=>l,a:()=>r});var t=i(7294);const s={},o=t.createContext(s);function r(e){const n=t.useContext(o);return t.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(n):{...n,...e}}),[n,e])}function l(e){let n;return n=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(s):e.components||s:r(e.components),t.createElement(o.Provider,{value:n},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/319244b6.f6ed9212.js b/assets/js/319244b6.fbe11821.js similarity index 79% rename from assets/js/319244b6.f6ed9212.js rename to assets/js/319244b6.fbe11821.js index 327549835..5f3e9d862 100644 --- a/assets/js/319244b6.f6ed9212.js +++ b/assets/js/319244b6.fbe11821.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[1221],{9742:s=>{s.exports=JSON.parse('{"label":"compression","permalink":"/blog/tags/compression","allTagsPath":"/blog/tags","count":2}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[1221],{9742:s=>{s.exports=JSON.parse('{"label":"compression","permalink":"/blog/tags/compression","allTagsPath":"/blog/tags","count":2,"unlisted":false}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/32987299.841c8c95.js b/assets/js/32987299.841c8c95.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e047f232 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/32987299.841c8c95.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[2667],{2278:(t,e,n)=>{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>h,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>a,toc:()=>c});var i=n(5893),o=n(1151);const r={label:"Vapoursynth",sidebar_position:2},s="Vapoursynth",a={id:"filtering/vapoursynth",title:"Vapoursynth",description:"The content in this entry is incomplete & is in the process of being completed.",source:"@site/docs/filtering/vapoursynth.mdx",sourceDirName:"filtering",slug:"/filtering/vapoursynth",permalink:"/docs/filtering/vapoursynth",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/filtering/vapoursynth.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{label:"Vapoursynth",sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Deband",permalink:"/docs/filtering/deband"},next:{title:"Deinterlace",permalink:"/docs/filtering/deinterlace"}},l={},c=[{value:"Installation",id:"installation",level:2},{value:"Microsoft Windows",id:"microsoft-windows",level:3}];function d(t){const e={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",code:"code",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",li:"li",p:"p",ul:"ul",...(0,o.a)(),...t.components};return(0,i.jsxs)(i.Fragment,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.h1,{id:"vapoursynth",children:"Vapoursynth"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(e.admonition,{title:"Under Maintenance",type:"info",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:"The content in this entry is incomplete & is in the process of being completed."})}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)("picture",{children:[(0,i.jsx)("source",{srcset:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/av1-community-contributors/images/main/vs_edit_script.avif?token=GHSAT0AAAAAACEZPDXJ6SHSUQIMUOGQXQTEZHY7K4A",type:"image/avif"}),(0,i.jsx)("img",{src:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/g7DucEq3aRGWVH0MHQe-A21GkyDVln9IHzRlfjEYEh/vs_edit_script.png",alt:"Vapoursynth script",width:"520",height:"632"})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:'"VapourSynth is an application for video manipulation. 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The general public won't bother if they can't play it on their crappy TV set top boxes.")),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"installation"},"Installation"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Arch Linux users:")," Check AUR."),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Compilation requires CMake")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The following build procedure should work across all common operating systems")),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"git clone https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvenc.git\ncd vvenc\nmkdir build\ncd build\ncmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release\ncmake --build .\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Binaries will be available in ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin/release-static/")),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"ffmpeg-integration"},"FFmpeg Integration"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Although not officially supported, you can compile your own FFmpeg binary with ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"libvvenc")," and ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"libvvdec"),". The tutorial can be found in the ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvenc/wiki/FFmpeg-Integration"},"official VVenC wiki")," (",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://web.archive.org/web/20230509115800/https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvenc/wiki/FFmpeg-Integration"},"archive"),"), I do not want to include it here because some things change every so often and I'm not paid to keep them updated."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"usage"},"Usage"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"There are two encoders, the simple encoder (",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vvencapp"),") and the full-featured expert mode encoder (",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vvencFFapp"),") which is based on the VTM configuration scheme (good luck figuring that out). VVenC used to only accept YUV files input until they added Y4M also (Thank the LORD)"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"!!! YUV vs Y4M\nYUV does not carry any of the original video's metadata, which means you'll have to manually input all the necessary parameters such as frame rates, resolution, bit depth, etc. Y4M takes care all of this\n!!!"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"A standard input would look like this:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"vvencapp -i input.y4m --qp 20 -o output.266\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Enhanced, preset slow + qpa + YUV420P10:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"vvencapp -i input.y4m --preset slow --qpa on --qp 20 -c yuv420_10 -o output.266\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"With FFmpeg piping:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"ffmpeg -hide_banner -loglevel error -i input.mkv -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -strict -1 -f yuv4mpegpipe - | vvencapp -i - --y4m --preset medium --qpa on --qp 20 -c yuv420_10 -o output.266\n")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"danger"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For whatever reason, VVenC currently does not support input resolutions below 540p. Don't know why so ask the devs.")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"QPA",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},'VVenC by default operates with QP (Quantization Parameter), which is basically fixed quality. To enable "CRF-like" mode you need to enable QPA'),(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"note for nerds: it modifies the QP both in a spatial and temporal manner combined with temporal RDO.")),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"muxing"},"Muxing"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Since VVenC only outputs raw ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".266")," bitstream files, you can't just shove audio and subtitle streams in there. Instead you can remux them using ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/gpac/gpac"},"GPAC MP4Box")," ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"nightly/beta/git"),". "),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"You can find all pre-built binaries for Windows, MacOS, and Ubuntu (Linux) right ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://gpac.wp.imt.fr/downloads/gpac-nightly-builds"},"here"),", Arch Linux users can find mp4box/GPAC in the AUR, and those who aren't listed here can find the build instructions ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/gpac/gpac/wiki/Build-Introduction"},"here"),". It is recommended to do a minimal build since most of the time you don't really need the extra stuff."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"vvdec"},"VVdeC"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"VVdeC is the software decoding implementation for decoding/playing VVC files developed by Fraunhofer HHI. All features of the VVC Main10 features are supported."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"installation-1"},"Installation"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Arch Linux users:")," Check AUR."),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"warning"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Compilation requires CMake")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The following build procedure should work across all common operating systems")),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"git clone https://github.com/fraunhoferhhi/vvdec.git\ncd vvdec\nmkdir build\ncd build\ncmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release\ncmake --build .\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Binaries will be available in ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"bin/release-static/")),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"decoding"},"Decoding"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"There are several ways to decode VVC. One of them made simple by the ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/MartinEesmaa/VVCEasy"},"VVCEasy project")," by Martin Eesmaa. Or you can try the manual way by piping into several programs, MP4Box beta/nightly/git, VVdeC, and a video player of choice summonable via CLI (MPV, VLC, ffplay) is required"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"mp4box input.mp4 -raw vvc1:output=temp.266 && vvdecapp -v 0 -b temp.266 -o - | ffmpeg -video_size 1920x804 -framerate 24 -pixel_format yuv420p10le -f rawvideo -i - -i input.mp4 -c copy -map 0:v -map 1:a -f nut - | mpv -\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Adjust the ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"double")," ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"input.mp4"),", ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-video_size")," for resolution, ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-framerate"),", ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-pixel_format"),", and ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mpv")," (Video player) accordingly, if not then your video will just play garbled glitches."),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"temp.266",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You might see a new file appearing called ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"temp.266")," upon running the command, do not panic. This is completely normal as ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mp4box")," needs to output the raw bitstream so ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vvdec")," will be able to decode it properly.")))}d.isMDXComponent=!0}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/4972.8e6573e9.js b/assets/js/4972.8e6573e9.js deleted file mode 100644 index 08a9357bb..000000000 --- a/assets/js/4972.8e6573e9.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[4972],{4972:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{default:()=>i});var a=n(7294),l=n(5999),o=n(1944),r=n(7961);function i(){return a.createElement(a.Fragment,null,a.createElement(o.d,{title:(0,l.I)({id:"theme.NotFound.title",message:"Page Not Found"})}),a.createElement(r.Z,null,a.createElement("main",{className:"container margin-vert--xl"},a.createElement("div",{className:"row"},a.createElement("div",{className:"col col--6 col--offset-3"},a.createElement("h1",{className:"hero__title"},a.createElement(l.Z,{id:"theme.NotFound.title",description:"The title of the 404 page"},"Page Not Found")),a.createElement("p",null,a.createElement(l.Z,{id:"theme.NotFound.p1",description:"The first paragraph of the 404 page"},"We could not find what you were looking for.")),a.createElement("p",null,a.createElement(l.Z,{id:"theme.NotFound.p2",description:"The 2nd paragraph of the 404 page"},"Please contact the owner of the site that linked you to the original URL and let them know their link is broken.")))))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/49b64d14.4b1ae0c0.js b/assets/js/49b64d14.4b1ae0c0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..078a52aa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/49b64d14.4b1ae0c0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[4931],{9530:(e,i,n)=>{n.r(i),n.d(i,{assets:()=>a,contentTitle:()=>r,default:()=>h,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>l});var s=n(5893),t=n(1151);const o={label:"SVT-AV1",sidebar_position:4},r="SVT-AV1",c={id:"encoders/SVT-AV1",title:"SVT-AV1",description:"The content in this entry is incomplete & is in the process of being completed.",source:"@site/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1.mdx",sourceDirName:"encoders",slug:"/encoders/SVT-AV1",permalink:"/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:4,frontMatter:{label:"SVT-AV1",sidebar_position:4},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"vpxenc",permalink:"/docs/encoders/vpxenc"},next:{title:"rav1e",permalink:"/docs/encoders/rav1e"}},a={},l=[{value:"FFmpeg",id:"ffmpeg",level:2},{value:"Building",id:"building",level:2},{value:"(Linux/macOS)",id:"linuxmacos",level:3},{value:"Windows",id:"windows",level:3},{value:"Encoding",id:"encoding",level:2},{value:"Strengths",id:"strengths",level:3},{value:"Weaknesses",id:"weaknesses",level:3},{value:"Encoder Optimization",id:"encoder-optimization",level:3}];function d(e){const i={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",code:"code",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",li:"li",p:"p",pre:"pre",strong:"strong",ul:"ul",...(0,t.a)(),...e.components};return(0,s.jsxs)(s.Fragment,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.h1,{id:"svt-av1",children:"SVT-AV1"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.admonition,{title:"Under Maintenance",type:"info",children:(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"The content in this entry is incomplete & is in the process of being completed."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"SVT-AV1 (Scalable Video Technology for AV1) is an AV1-compliant software encoder/decoder library. Joint-developed by Intel and Netflix, written in C with some parts in C++ and Assembly."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:['This entry discusses the SVT-AV1 encoder, also known as the "Production" AV1 encoder (while ',(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/aomenc",children:"aomenc"}),' is the "reference" AV1 encoder), & refers to SVT-AV1 as such. SVT-AV1 is known for its parallelization, high coding efficiency, & active development. SVT-AV1 scales across multiple CPU cores much more effectively than aomenc or ',(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/rav1e",children:"rav1e"}),", so the use of tools like ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/utilities/av1an",children:"Av1an"})," is less helpful."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"ffmpeg",children:"FFmpeg"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["SVT-AV1 is available in FFmpeg via ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"libsvtav1"}),", to check if you have it, run ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"ffmpeg -h encoder=libsvtav1"}),". You can input non-FFmpeg standard SVT-AV1 parameters via ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"-svtav1-params"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"building",children:"Building"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"linuxmacos",children:"(Linux/macOS)"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"To build SVT-AV1 from source, clone the official SVT-AV1 repository from Gitlab & build from source."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://gitlab.com/AOMediaCodec/SVT-AV1/\ncd SVT-AV1/Build/linux\n./build.sh release\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["The compiled binaries will be in the Bin/Release directory, including SvtAv1EncApp. You can also add the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"no-dec"})," flag to skip building SvtAv1DecApp if you don't need it to save on some compilation time."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["If you'd like to build from the latest release (1.7.0 at the time of writing) please do ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"git reset --hard 6d5f2b4e1f04db677cdd4ab2b0d6831ab06a849c"})," in the cloned directory. It is recommended that you do this, as new changes to git aren't always stable right away & a release will guarantee more stability."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["If you want extra performance, it is possible to build SVT-AV1 using PGO (Profile-guided Optimization). ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.strong,{children:["Be aware that this particular script infers that you have a .y4m file (or multiple) in ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"/dev/shm"})," for transcoding"]}),". You can compile statically linked SVT-AV1 with PGO by following this script:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://gitlab.com/AOMediaCodec/SVT-AV1/\ncd SVT-AV1/Build/linux\n./build.sh cc=gcc cxx=g++ enable-lto enable-pgo static native jobs=$(nproc) pgo-dir=/dev/shm pgo-videos=/dev/shm release\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"If you wish to store videos elsewhere or provide custom parameters to the SvtAv1EncApp binary, try this script:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://gitlab.com/AOMediaCodec/SVT-AV1/\ncd SVT-AV1/Build/linux\n./build.sh cc=gcc cxx=g++ enable-lto enable-pgo static native jobs=$(nproc) pgo-dir=/dev/shm pgo-compile-gen release\n../../Bin/Release/SvtAv1EncApp # Run this binary as many times as you'd like with arguments of your choice to collect data\n./build.sh cc=gcc cxx=g++ enable-lto enable-pgo static native jobs=$(nproc) pgo-dir=/dev/shm pgo-compile-use release\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"windows",children:"Windows"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"To be filled."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"encoding",children:"Encoding"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"strengths",children:"Strengths"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"SVT-AV1's greatest strength is its parallelization capability, where it outclasses other AV1 encoders by a significant margin. SVT-AV1's parallelization techniques do not involve tiling & don't harm video quality, & can comfortably utilize up to 16 cores given standard 1080p video. This is while maintaining competitive coding efficiency to rav1e. Both are outperformed by well-tuned aomenc, as the reference encoder has a more complete AV1 implementation."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"weaknesses",children:"Weaknesses"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["SVT-AV1 is strongest on x86 CPUs, & while ARM NEON assembly is ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://gitlab.com/AOMediaCodec/SVT-AV1/-/commit/ba13fac241f1b54954935f2cb200efc07f3de13a",children:"available"})," from latest git, SVT-AV1 still underperforms on ARM. For this reason, it is not a good cross-architecture CPU benchmark. SVT-AV1's support for various AV1 features is also limited; it only supports up to 4:2:0 chroma subsampling with no support for 12-bit color, and it does not support scene change detection (there are no plans to implement this, either)."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"encoder-optimization",children:"Encoder Optimization"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Aside from build optimizations for speed, there is further tweaking to be done to the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"SvtAv1EncApp"})," binary parameters when encoding."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--film-grain"})," & ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--film-grain-denoise"})]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Most live-action sources feature hard-to-compress CCD noise that is easily smoothed out by AV1 compression. To add this grain back, or even denoise through the encoder and then add grain, it is possible to use the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--film-grain"})," parameter to specify an amount of film grain to add to the encode (& ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--film-grain-denoise"})," to specify how to denoise the input video before encoding for potentially better appeal). Denoising a video always removes fine details, so sticking with just ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--film-grain"})," is recommended in most cases. According to ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://gitlab.com/AOMediaCodec/SVT-AV1/-/blob/master/Docs/CommonQuestions.mdx#practical-advice-on-grain-synthesis",children:"SVT-AV1 documentation"}),", a level of 8 should be used for live-action content with a normal amount of grain while a level of 4 works well for hand-drawn animation or other smoother-looking sources that still stand to benefit from some grain synthesis."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--input-depth 10"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"10-bit output from AV1 encoding is always desirable for coding efficiency, even if your source is 8-bit."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--tune 2"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["There are three tunes in SVT-AV1: Tune 1 is for ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/metrics/PSNR",children:"PSNR"})," ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/psychovisual",children:"RDO"}),", Tune 2 is for ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/metrics/SSIM",children:"SSIM"})," RDO, & Tune 0 is a ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/psychovisual",children:"psychovisual"})," tune labeled VQ. It has been common practice to lean away from the PSNR tune, as it is not designed for visual quality but rather to perform better on the PSNR metric which is widely considered to be inconsistent with our human perception of fidelity. Using the VQ tune is a safe bet for now, but many believe the newer SSIM tune provides better visual fidelity. This is anecdotal, & has yet to be meaningfully proven"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--enable-overlays 1"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Enables overlay pictures to be used as additional reference frames for the referenced picture, disabled by default. Improves coding efficiency."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--keyint [FPS*10]"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Similar to ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--kf-max-dist"})," in ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/vpxenc",children:"vpxenc"}),", this tells the encoder when to place keyframes. Because SVT-AV1 doesn't have scene detection, this isn't the maximum distance between keyframes, but rather a fixed interval for placing keyframes."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"--irefresh-type 2"})}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Intra refresh is specified through this option, & lets the user decide between Closed GOP & Open GOP. GOP stands for Group of Pictures. Open GOP allows GOPs to ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://ottverse.com/closed-gop-open-gop-idr/",children:"reference one another"}),", but support for this feature is currently incomplete. 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AVIF also presents astonishing animation prowess, as it is capable of using AV1's inter-frame coding techniques which make it easily the best animated image format for most use cases where it is compatible."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"cons"},"Cons"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"AVIF encoding implementations are difficult to use, and images require much longer encoding times for what can be considered competitive quality. Making encoding more difficult, AVIF's use of intra-frame coding techniques that share data between blocks reduces parallelization capability & worsens generation loss. Theoretically, this improves coding efficiency, though. 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Speeds 4 & below offer the best compression quality at the expense of longer encode times."),(0,a.kt)("li",null,"`-j 8` is the number of threads the encoder is allowed to use. Increasing this past 12 will sometimes hurt encode times, as AVIF encoding via aomenc doesn't paralellize perfectly. Test using a speed benchmark to verify which value works best for you."),(0,a.kt)("li",null,"`-d 10` is the bit depth. Specifying a value below 10 isn't recommended, as it will hurt coding efficiency even with an 8 bit source image."),(0,a.kt)("li",null,"`-y 444` is the chroma subsampling mode. 4:4:4 chroma subsampling tends to provide better compression than 4:2:0 with AVIF, though on some images 4:2:0 chroma subsampling might be the better choice."),(0,a.kt)("li",null,"`cq-level=16` is how you specify quality. Lower values correspond to higher quality & filesize, while higher values mean a smaller, lower-quality output is desired. This is preceded by `-a` because it is an aomenc option, not an avifenc one."),(0,a.kt)("li",null,"`tune=ssim` is how the encoder handles RDO (rate-distortion optimization). This may be redundant with the default aomenc parameters, but specifying doesn't hurt to avoid an unintended change if a default is modified sometime in the future.")))),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Additionally, AVIF tends to be underwhelming at high fidelity with photographic images. Compared to older codecs it usually outperforms the competition, but since medium to high fidelity tends to be the target for a lot of modern web delivery, it is disappointing to see AVIF not performing as well here."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"AVIF also does not have progressive decode. This is a common weakness of video-based image codecs. 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Sources like Wikipedia cover these details with great accuracy & reliability. What we ",(0,t.jsx)(i.em,{children:"are"})," focused on is making higher level information - especially related to the usage & application of compression tools - highly accessible; we are focused on application, not theory, for the time being. Knowing how a codec works in theory is different than knowing when and how to best use a codec and its accompanying tools."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"what-is-a-codec",children:"What is a Codec"}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A codec, shortened from coder/decoder, is a system that handles digital media or data according to a specification. Usually, this means it compresses and decompresses digital media. Codecs are used to encode media for storage and transmission - among other things - and then decode that media for playback, editing, etc. Multimedia codecs compress by either ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/psychovisual",children:"discarding less salient data"})," using ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/video-artifacts",children:"lossy"})," compression to reduce filesize, or they use clever lossless compression tricks to maintain a mathematically identical stream to the input media while still reducing filesize. Lossless compression can be reversed to be the exact same as the input data, while lossy compression does not share this quality as it discards data for smaller filesizes. Some common uses of codecs include:"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.li,{children:["Video compression: Video codecs like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/AVC",children:"H.264"}),", ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/VP9",children:"VP9"})," & ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/AV1",children:"AV1"})," allow digital video files to be compressed to much smaller sizes for streaming & storage, among other things. A video codec can encode a video stream while it is being recorded or before it is distributed, and decode it when it is played back. This allows videos to be shared more quickly and use less storage & bandwidth."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.li,{children:["Audio compression: Audio codecs like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/MP3",children:"MP3"}),", ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/AAC",children:"AAC"}),", and ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/Opus",children:"Opus"})," compress audio files like songs & podcasts. This allows them to be easily distributed & stored."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.li,{children:["Image Compression: Image codecs, whether tried and true like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/images/JPEG",children:"JPEG"})," or brand new like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/images/JXL",children:"JPEG-XL"}),", have fundamentally the same goal: compress images well while maintaining a versatile featureset for the myriad of ways one may decide they'd like to compress an image. Color depth, HDR, transparency, color space information, EXIF data, and many other factors are at play when working with images that make compressing them easier said than done."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.li,{children:["Data Compression: General compression algorithms like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/zip",children:"ZIP"})," & ",(0,t.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/zstd",children:"zstd"})," are designed to compress ",(0,t.jsx)(i.em,{children:"any"})," kind of data, not just multimedia specific data. This includes web assets, executables, text archives, and even entire filesystems."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["In summary, ",(0,t.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"codecs use complex algorithms to encode and decode media for efficient storage and transmission"}),". They are essential for recording, compressing, delivering and playing back digital media. Different codecs balance factors like compression efficiency, quality, computational requirements, compatibility, & features depending on their application."]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"what-you-need",children:"What You Need"}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.p,{children:"A rather informal list of requirements follows."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.p,{children:"You will benefit greatly from:"}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"Patience."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"A willingness to learn, engage in curiousity, & follow instructions"}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"Basic to intermediate computer proficiency."}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.p,{children:"If you're only here to learn the tools, it will be very beneficial to have:"}),"\n",(0,t.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"Higher-end CPU hardware, which will decrease wait times for some larger encoding workloads discussed here."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"A level of comfort with CLI utilities, or enough motivation to engage with them in the absence of background knowledge."}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.li,{children:"A device running an Arch-based Linux distribution, excluding Manjaro"}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,t.jsx)(i.admonition,{title:"Why Arch?",type:"info",children:(0,t.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Most encoding tools are readily available in the package manager, & it is a bleeding edge Linux distribution which ensures your utilities are always kept up to date. For filtering, all Vapoursynth plugins are already available in the Arch User Repository (AUR) which makes it extremely easy to install and version control with an AUR helper ",(0,t.jsxs)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Jguer/yay",children:["like ",(0,t.jsx)(i.code,{children:"yay"})]})]})})]})}function h(e={}){const{wrapper:i}={...(0,n.a)(),...e.components};return i?(0,t.jsx)(i,{...e,children:(0,t.jsx)(l,{...e})}):l(e)}},1151:(e,i,o)=>{o.d(i,{Z:()=>r,a:()=>a});var t=o(7294);const n={},s=t.createContext(n);function a(e){const i=t.useContext(s);return t.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(i):{...i,...e}}),[i,e])}function r(e){let i;return i=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(n):e.components||n:a(e.components),t.createElement(s.Provider,{value:i},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/5e1194df.2922eca0.js b/assets/js/5e1194df.2922eca0.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96c91183f --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/5e1194df.2922eca0.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[2962],{882:(e,t,i)=>{i.r(t),i.d(t,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>u,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>r,toc:()=>d});var o=i(5893),n=i(1151);const s={label:"zpaq",sidebar_position:7},a="ZPAQ",r={id:"data/zpaq",title:"ZPAQ",description:"This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our Contribution Guide to get started as a contributor!",source:"@site/docs/data/zpaq.mdx",sourceDirName:"data",slug:"/data/zpaq",permalink:"/docs/data/zpaq",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/data/zpaq.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:7,frontMatter:{label:"zpaq",sidebar_position:7},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Brotli",permalink:"/docs/data/brotli"},next:{title:"Zstandard",permalink:"/docs/data/zstd"}},c={},d=[];function l(e){const t={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",h1:"h1",p:"p",...(0,n.a)(),...e.components};return(0,o.jsxs)(o.Fragment,{children:[(0,o.jsx)(t.h1,{id:"zpaq",children:"ZPAQ"}),"\n",(0,o.jsx)(t.admonition,{title:"Help Wanted",type:"danger",children:(0,o.jsxs)(t.p,{children:["This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our ",(0,o.jsx)(t.a,{href:"/docs/contribution-guide",children:"Contribution Guide"})," to get started as a contributor!"]})}),"\n",(0,o.jsx)(t.p,{children:"ZPAQ is a lossless data compression algorithm that combines several techniques to achieve high compression ratios. It was developed by Matt Mahoney."}),"\n",(0,o.jsx)(t.p,{children:'ZPAQ uses a multitude of different compression algorithms to try to achieve the best size-to-compression-time ratio possible while producing the smallest possible archives without much concern given to decompression performance. On the official ZPAQ website, it looks like it is designed for "realistic backups that have a lot of duplicate files and a lot of already compressed files."'}),"\n",(0,o.jsx)(t.p,{children:'ZPAQ is also considered an "incremental journaling archiver" meaning you can add files to an existing archive based on if they were changed or not. This reduces the time needed to wait for a new backup to finish, if that is your use case. Since ZPAQ is so focused on compression ratio, this kind of feature may reduce the burden imposed by long compression times in practical use cases where it makes sense. Windows & macOS do not handle ZPAQ archives properly by default, and it is unlikely many Linux distros do either.'})]})}function u(e={}){const{wrapper:t}={...(0,n.a)(),...e.components};return t?(0,o.jsx)(t,{...e,children:(0,o.jsx)(l,{...e})}):l(e)}},1151:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>r,a:()=>a});var o=i(7294);const n={},s=o.createContext(n);function a(e){const t=o.useContext(s);return o.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(t):{...t,...e}}),[t,e])}function r(e){let t;return t=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(n):e.components||n:a(e.components),o.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/5e95c892.58bd1d7d.js b/assets/js/5e95c892.58bd1d7d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96e322dc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/5e95c892.58bd1d7d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[9661],{1892:(e,c,s)=>{s.r(c),s.d(c,{default:()=>n});s(7294);var r=s(6010),u=s(1944),a=s(5281),i=s(8790),d=s(179),k=s(5893);function n(e){return(0,k.jsx)(u.FG,{className:(0,r.Z)(a.k.wrapper.docsPages),children:(0,k.jsx)(d.Z,{children:(0,i.H)(e.route.routes)})})}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/5f74c797.85f9a755.js b/assets/js/5f74c797.85f9a755.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5acd53089 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/5f74c797.85f9a755.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[7456],{1531:(e,n,r)=>{r.r(n),r.d(n,{assets:()=>d,contentTitle:()=>o,default:()=>p,frontMatter:()=>l,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>u});var i=r(5893),t=r(1151),s=r(4866),a=r(5162);const l={label:"Av1an",sidebar_position:1,templating:!0},o="Av1an",c={id:"utilities/av1an",title:"Av1an",description:"Av1an is a video encoding framework. It can increase your encoding speed and improve cpu utilization by running multiple encoder processes in parallel. Target quality, VMAF plotting, and more, available to take advantage for video encoding.",source:"@site/docs/utilities/av1an.mdx",sourceDirName:"utilities",slug:"/utilities/av1an",permalink:"/docs/utilities/av1an",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/utilities/av1an.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{label:"Av1an",sidebar_position:1,templating:!0},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Aviator",permalink:"/docs/utilities/Aviator"},next:{title:"MKVToolNix",permalink:"/docs/utilities/MKVToolNix"}},d={},u=[{value:"Prerequisites",id:"prerequisites",level:2},{value:"Installation",id:"installation",level:2},{value:"Microsoft Windows",id:"microsoft-windows",level:3},{value:"MacOS",id:"macos",level:3},{value:"Linux",id:"linux",level:3},{value:"Docker",id:"docker",level:3},{value:"Troubleshooting",id:"troubleshooting",level:2}];function h(e){const n={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",code:"code",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",li:"li",ol:"ol",p:"p",pre:"pre",strong:"strong",ul:"ul",...(0,t.a)(),...e.components};return(0,i.jsxs)(i.Fragment,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.h1,{id:"av1an",children:"Av1an"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)("picture",{children:[(0,i.jsx)("source",{srcset:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/main/static/img/av1an_96_workers.avif",type:"image/avif"}),(0,i.jsx)("img",{src:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/K3OhOCAy9bkUCkImek_q3-t6q3zctbn9SbWW-_RI19/av1an_96_workers.webp",alt:"Av1an with 96 workers",width:"1703",height:"958"})]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Av1an is a video encoding framework. It can increase your encoding speed and improve cpu utilization by running multiple encoder processes in parallel. Target quality, VMAF plotting, and more, available to take advantage for video encoding."}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"prerequisites",children:"Prerequisites"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Since Av1an is just a tool that helps with parallelization, you'll need to have the following installed for the entire thing to work:"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"Rust"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Python (Required for ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/filtering/vapoursynth",children:"Vapoursynth"}),", currently needs 3.11, this may change in the future so consult from ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"http://www.vapoursynth.com/doc/installation.html",children:"their website"}),")"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"FFmpeg"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/utilities/MKVToolNix",children:"MKVToolNix"})," (mkvmerge)"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"Vapoursynth"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"L-SMASH (Vapoursynth plugin)"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"FFMS2 (Vapoursynth plugin, optional)"}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/metrics/VMAF",children:"VMAF"})," (For target VMAF, optional)"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Any of the supported encoders (",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/aomenc",children:"aomenc"}),", ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/rav1e",children:"rav1e"}),", ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1",children:"SVT-AV1"}),", ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/vpxenc",children:"vpxenc"}),", ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/x264",children:"x264"}),", ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/x265",children:"x265"}),")"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"installation",children:"Installation"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"microsoft-windows",children:"Microsoft Windows"}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"GUI:"})}),"\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.ol,{children:["\n",(0,i.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Install ",(0,i.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/utilities/nmkoder",children:"Nmkoder"})," which is a GUI front-end to av1an with all dependencies installed"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.li,{children:"You're done!"}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,i.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Outdated Software",type:"danger",children:(0,i.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Since Nmkoder already ships everything by default and it's last release was 29th March 2022. 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o=a.length,r=new Array(o);r[0]=c;var l={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l[u]="string"==typeof e?e:i,r[1]=l;for(var p=2;p<o;p++)r[p]=a[p];return n.createElement.apply(null,r)}return n.createElement.apply(null,a)}c.displayName="MDXCreateElement"},5650:(e,t,a)=>{a.r(t),a.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>r,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>o,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>p});var n=a(7462),i=(a(7294),a(3905));const o={title:"AV1 Encoding for Dummies",description:"This guide will show you how to encode in AV1 the *right* and *optimal* way.",slug:"av1-encoding-for-dummies",authors:[{name:"Simulping",title:"Maintainer / Encoder",url:"https://github.com/Simulping",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12994794?v=4"},{name:"Gianni Rosato",title:"Maintainer",url:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4"}],tags:["video","compression"],image:"/img/compare-guide.webp",hide_table_of_contents:!1},r=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/av1-encoding-for-dummies",source:"@site/blog/2023-09-03-av1-for-dummies.md",title:"AV1 Encoding for Dummies",description:"This guide will show you how to encode in AV1 the *right* and *optimal* way.",date:"2023-09-03T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"September 3, 2023",tags:[{label:"video",permalink:"/blog/tags/video"},{label:"compression",permalink:"/blog/tags/compression"}],readingTime:15.145,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Simulping",title:"Maintainer / Encoder",url:"https://github.com/Simulping",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12994794?v=4",imageURL:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12994794?v=4"},{name:"Gianni 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d(e){let{components:t,...o}=e;return(0,i.kt)(u,(0,n.Z)({},m,o,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"This guide will show you how to encode in AV1 the ",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"right")," and ",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"optimal")," way. Yes, you using standalone ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"libaom"),", ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"libsvtav1"),", and ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"librav1e")," from FFmpeg or even piping ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"yuv4mpeg")," into ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"mainline")," aomenc are all unoptimal."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"Compare",src:a(9081).Z,width:"1045",height:"588"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"In this guide, we'll be installing Av1an for chunked encoding and infinite threading, because the current state of AV1 encoders, except for ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1"},"SVT-AV1"),", unfortunately lacks threading and will only use very low amount of cores, which hampers speeds. The only caveat to this approach is ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"RAM consumption"),", encoding 2160p (4K) with ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/aomenc"},"aomenc")," with 4 workers could take upwards of ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"16GB")," of RAM! So do keep this in mind."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"installing-the-tools"},"Installing the Tools"),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"microsoft-windows"},"Microsoft Windows"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"The GUI Way:")),(0,i.kt)("ol",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"Install ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/n00mkrad/nmkoder"},"NMKODER")," which is a GUI front-end to av1an with all dependencies installed."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},"You're done, you can skip to the encoding part")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"Almost abandonware",type:"warning"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Since Nmkoder already ships everything by default and its last release was 29th March 2022. You need to manually update all encoders and tools to get better encoding speeds. Missing out on updates will result in your encodes being sub-optimal.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"The Automated Way:")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"There is now a batch script for automating the install process, which can be found ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/Hishiro64/av1an-win-script"},"here"),". The instructions are in the README file."),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"caution"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The script will download outdated version encoders and tools such as ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aom-av1-psy")," and MKVToolNix v76.0, if you are fine with these you can proceed.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"The Manual Way:")),(0,i.kt)("ol",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Install ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Python 3.10.x, this will change so consult from the")," ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"http://www.vapoursynth.com/doc/installation.html"},"Vapoursynth website")," ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"if you're reading this from the future")," from ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/"},"here"),' and select "Windows Installer 64-bit". Upon installation check the tick for adding Python to PATH like so\n',(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"Python PATH",src:a(5900).Z,width:"672",height:"417"}),")")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Download and install Vapoursynth from ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/vapoursynth/vapoursynth/releases"},"here"),' and select "VapourSynth64-RXX.exe"')),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Open the terminal and type ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"vsrepo.py install lsmas ffms2")," to install some plugins for Av1an to work.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Download MKVToolNix from ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://mkvtoolnix.download/downloads.html#windows"},"here"),', select "mkvtoolnix-64bit-XX.X.X-setup.exe", and install ',(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"(Also available on winget!)"))),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Download Av1an from ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an/releases"},"here"),' (SELECT LATEST AND CLICK THE "ASSETS" DROPDOWN)')),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Download ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"shared libraries")," FFmpeg from ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.gyan.dev/ffmpeg/builds"},"gyan.dev"))),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Download a pre-built fork of Aomenc (",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish/tree/Endless_Merging"},"aom-av1-lavish"),") which has neat stuff such as sane defaults, new tunes, optimizations, etc. This can be downloaded for Windows ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/download/-2EiZW1edcT9anApFZ1PJBEber-pJ6z02NiQBjbr28"},"here")," ",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"(Current as of Sept 6, 2023)")),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{parentName:"li",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you opt to compile aomenc yourself, you can view the instructions on how to do that ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/aomenc/#installation"},"here"),"."))),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Move Av1an, FFmpeg ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"(Including the FFmpeg DLLs)"),", and aomenc to somewhere preferable, eg ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"C:\\Encoding"),".")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ol"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Add the folder ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"AND MKVTOOLNIX INSTALLATION FOLDER")," to the ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-the-windows-path/"},"Windows PATH environment"),"."))),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"macos"},"macOS"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"written by gb82 (Gianni Rosato)")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"macOS is very similar to Linux, although there aren't any GUI tools for AV1 encoding that I can comfortably recommend."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Homebrew + Macports for Av1an + rav1e:"),"\n",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"Note that some commands may have to be run with ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"em"},"sudo"),", which I won't explicitly include for security reasons.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Installing the Homebrew package manager is a well documented process at this point:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"As is installing MacPorts. Install the relevent ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".pkg")," for your macOS version from the MacPorts Project website:\n",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.macports.org/install.php"},"www.macports.org/install.php")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Now, you can run the following commands:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"brew update && brew upgrade\nbrew install rav1e aom mkvtoolnix ffmpeg\n# Usually you must run MacPorts commands for package installations as root\nport upgrade outdated\nport install av1an\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"This is the easiest way to get everything set up & working to produce AV1 video with ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"rav1e")," or mainline ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aomenc")," & Av1an. You can check that things are installed by running the following commands & parsing their output:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"% av1an --version\nav1an 0.4.1-unstable (rev e10880d) (Release)\n\n* Compiler\n rustc 1.70.0 (LLVM 16.0)\n\n* Target Triple\n aarch64-apple-darwin\n\n* Date Info\n Commit Date: 2023-06-25\n\n* VapourSynth Plugins\n systems.innocent.lsmas : Not found\n com.vapoursynth.ffms2 : Not found\n")),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'% rav1e --version | grep "release" -C 1 \nrav1e 0.6.6 () (release)\nrustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16) (built from a source tarball) aarch64-apple-darwin\n')),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'% aomenc --help | grep "AOMedia" -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n av1 - AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder 3.6.1 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Notice ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"systems.innocent.lsmas : Not found")," in the Av1an output. This means you won't be able to use the lsmash chunking method through vapoursynth & may instead have to rely on hybrid chunking, through ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-m hybrid"),". This is slower & takes up disk space while encoding, but still works. A sample Av1an command with this basic installation may look like this:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'av1an -i "input" -y --resume --verbose --split-method av-scenechange -m hybrid -c mkvmerge -e rav1e --force -v " --tiles 8 -s 4 --quantizer 80 --no-scene-detection" --photon-noise 7 --chroma-noise --pix-format yuv420p10le -w 8 -o "output.mkv"\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Building From Source")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"If you want lsmash support, aom-av1-lavish instead of mainline, or anything else that isn't covered by the more basic installation, you'll have to compile from source. Things are very similar to Linux, with a few oddities:"),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"macOS sometimes doesn't have a ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/usr/local/bin")," by default. You can fix this by doing ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"mkdir /usr/local/bin"),"."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Homebrew installs ",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"everything")," in its own directory structure. If you're building things from source that rely on libraries from vapoursynth, zimg, lsmash, etc, make sure to copy them from ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/opt/homebrew/lib")," to ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/usr/local/lib"),". Finding them is a matter of ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},'ls | grep "keyword"')," & copying what looks reasonable to be associated with the tool you're using."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Building most things from source will have instructions for ","*","nix which work for both macOS & Linux. Even if it says Linux, there's a good chance it'll work on macOS as well, & it is always worth trying Linux build instructions on Mac. I won't be going through building every encoding tool & dependency from source, as it is generally much more intuitive than Windows, but building Av1an is worth detailing here just as an example.")),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'brew install git rust nasm\ngit clone https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an\ncd Av1an\nRUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" cargo build --release\ncd .. && cd target/release\ncp av1an /usr/local/bin\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"More Difficult: Building aom-av1-lavish from Source")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"If you want to make the most out of your hardware & eke out every last drop of quality, it may be worth building aom-av1-lavish from source. The first step is to clone it from the Endless Merging branch:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Now, you need to make some manual changes to the source code until Clybius merges ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish/pull/1/files"},"this commit"),"."),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Add the line ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},'#include "aq_variance.h"')," at line 19 in ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"av1/encoder/encodeframe_utils.c")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Comment out line 2546 in ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"av1/encoder/speed_features.c"),". This line is ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };")," & becomes ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"// const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };"),".")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Now you can continue to build according to the Linux instructions below. Obviously you'll need cmake, which you can install with homebrew along with any other tools you may need. While still in the ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aom-av1-lavish")," directory:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt" -DCMAKE_LD_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\n# This may need to be run as root:\nmake install\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Now you can run ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'aomenc --help | grep "AOMedia" -C 3')," to see if lavish installed. If you're getting the same output as above, you may need to copy the ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aomenc")," executable to ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/opt/local/bin"),", ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin"),", & ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/opt/homebrew/bin")," if you already installed mainline aomenc. Running the version info command again, the correct output should look something like this:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"% aomenc --help | grep AOMedia -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n av1 - AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy v3.6.0 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Notice how it says ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy")," instead of ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder"),". You should be all set after this to start using aom-av1-lavish & following the current parameter meta as outlined below."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"linux"},"Linux"),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Yet again, try using Arch. It's way easier.")),(0,i.kt)("h4",{id:"the-easy-ways"},"The Easy Ways"),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato/aviator"},"Aviator")," (",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1"},"SVT-AV1")," + ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/FFmpeg"},"FFmpeg"),") or ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://giannirosato.com/blog/post/aviator-1/"},"rAV1ator")," basically same thing but ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/av1an.md"},"Av1an")," + ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/rav1e"},"rav1e"),". Both are only available as ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://beta.flathub.org/apps/net.natesales.Aviator"},"Flatpaks"),". Keep in mind Aviator ships with ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"SVT-AV1")," and rAV1ator with ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"rav1e")," instead of aomenc/AOM-AV1, which I will not be covering here."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Install ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/rav1ator-cli"},"rav1ator-cli"),", a TUI for using Av1an meant to be easy to use. Much more flexible than the GUI options & can work with a number of encoders. See ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/rav1ator-cli/#installation"},"this page")," for more info.")),(0,i.kt)("h4",{id:"the-compiling-route"},"The Compiling Route"),(0,i.kt)("h5",{id:"ubuntu"},"Ubuntu"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"The guide below is targeted towards 22.04, packages and other things may be different on other versions. First Install Rust via ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"rustup")," first, as apt version of Rust is severely outdated, then you can continue."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install dependencies:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"sudo apt install wget python unzip unrar build-essential meson autoconf automake libtool git nasm yasm python3-dev python3-pip cython3 libass-dev libqt5websockets5-dev libfftw3-dev libtesseract-dev ffmpeg libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libavutil-dev libswresample-dev libmediainfo-dev mkvtoolnix mediainfo perl nasm yasm git cmake libavutil-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavdevice-dev libavfilter-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev libpostproc-dev llvm libclang-dev libssl-dev\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install l-smash:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'git clone https://github.com/l-smash/l-smash.git\ncd l-smash\n./configure --enable-shared --extra-cflags="-march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install zimg:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"git clone --recursive https://github.com/sekrit-twc/zimg.git\ncd zimg\n./autogen.sh\n./configure\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install ImageMagick:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"git clone https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick\ncd ImageMagick\n./configure\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install Vapoursynth R63:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'wget https://github.com/vapoursynth/vapoursynth/archive/refs/tags/R63.zip\nunzip R63.zip\ncd vapoursynth-R63\n./autogen.sh\n./configure CFLAGS="-march=native" CXXFLAGS="-march=native" --libdir=/usr/lib\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\nsudo mkdir /usr/lib/vapoursynth\nsudo ldconfig\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"The plugin directory will be located in ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/lib/vapoursynth"),"."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install L-SMASH-Works Vapoursynth Plugin:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'git clone https://github.com/AkarinVS/L-SMASH-Works -b ffmpeg-4.5\ncd L-SMASH-Works/VapourSynth && mkdir build && cd build\nmeson .. --optimization=3 --default-library=static -Db_lto=true -Dc_args="-march=native" -Dcpp_args="-march=native"\nninja -j$(nproc)\nsudo cp libvslsmashsource.so /usr/lib/vapoursynth/\n')),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{type:"caution"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"L-SMASH-Works doesn't work on ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"aarch64"),", it is recommended to use other plugins instead.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install FFMS2 Vapoursynth Plugin:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'git clone https://github.com/FFMS/ffms2\ncd ffms2\n./autogen.sh\n./configure CFLAGS="-O3 -march=native" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo cp src/core/.libs/libffms2.so src/core/.libs/libffms2.so.5 src/core/.libs/libffms2.so.5.0.0 /usr/lib/vapoursynth\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install Av1an:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'git clone https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an\ncd Av1an\nRUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" cargo build --release\nsudo cp target/release/av1an /usr/local/bin\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"When there's no errors, proceed to compiling ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"aom-av1-lavish"),"."),(0,i.kt)("h5",{id:"arch"},"Arch"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Install dependencies:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"sudo pacman -S vapoursynth ffmpeg av1an mkvtoolnix-gui git perl cmake ninja meson nasm vapoursynth-plugin-lsmashsource ffms2\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"you're done, proceed."),(0,i.kt)("h4",{id:"compiling-aom-av1-lavish"},"Compiling aom-av1-lavish"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish && mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n')),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"encoding"},"Encoding"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"The moment you've all been waiting for, let's just get into it. Here's an example ",(0,i.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"recommended")," parameter as of now (09/03/23) ","[MM/DD/YY]",":"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'av1an -x 300 -i input.mkv -w 4 -e aom -c mkvmerge --resume -m lsmash --photon-noise=10 --set-thread-affinity=2 --verbose -a " -an " -f " -an " -v " --bit-depth=10 --cpu-used=4 --end-usage=q --cq-level=24 --threads=2 --tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0 --lag-in-frames=64 --tune-content=psy --tune=ssim --enable-keyframe-filtering=1 --disable-kf --kf-max-dist=9999 --enable-qm=1 --deltaq-mode=0 --aq-mode=0 --quant-b-adapt=1 --enable-fwd-kf=0 --arnr-strength=1 --sb-size=dynamic --enable-dnl-denoising=0 " -o "output.mkv"\n')),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"Parameter Meta",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"It is strongly recommended to join the ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/vpREHAvYvh"},"AV1 Discord server")," to get the latest updates on what to use and which to set, as it's the only easily reachable place for everything AV1 & encoding tips in general.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Now let's dissect it one-by-one"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Av1an parameters:")),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-i")," Input.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-x 300")," Sets scene split length to 300 frames, you can increase it for more quality at the tradeoff of video seekability.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-w 4"),' Specifies the amount of "workers" or amount of encoders working on the video.')),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--verbose")," Sets logging to verbose.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--resume")," Resumes the encode even when you haven't encoded yet. I strongly recommend leaving this if you resume a lot since you can accidentally delete your whole progress (There's no delete confirmation feature.. yet) if you \"resumed\" without the parameter in place.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-e aom")," Specifies we're using aomenc encoder which should be the default option.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c mkvmerge")," Specifies we're using mkvmerge (MKVToolNix) to concatenate the parts when done, you can specify with ffmpeg if you want to but this is the best method.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-m lsmash")," Specifies we're using l-smash (Vapoursynth plugin) to split the videos, this is also the best method because ffms2 causes video lag (Tested a year ago, might change now) and other methods just suck (Slow and not worth it, learned the hard way). You can attempt to use ffms2 when inputting VC-1 videos as it is not possible with l-smash (Or convert it to lossless with x264 qp 0).")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'-f " -an "')," ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-f")," Stands for ffmpeg parameters, ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-an")," is to remove all audio since its better to encode and merge it separately. To crop use ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'-f " -an -vf crop=1920:800 "')," for example to crop the video to 1920x800.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'-v " "')," Is where you put the encoder's parameters in.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'-a " -an "')," FFmpeg audio encoding options, we're removing it cause we can always add it later. But if you want to, you can also encode directly. Here's an example for encoding to Opus using libopus assuming stereo: ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'-a " -c:a libopus -b:a 128k "'),".")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--photon-noise=10")," AV1 grain synthesis, which is a technique where the encoder puts fake grain in so it looks more natural and potentially hiding video artifacts (cause grain is hard to encode and explodes bitrate usage because of their randomness), 5-8 for almost none to little grain, 10-14 for medium, 15+ heavy, 20+ extremely heavy, 30+ for extremely grainy 90s live action films.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--set-thread-affinity=2")," Pins the thread to the encoder, aligns with ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--threads=2")," in the encoder parameter so set them accordingly."))),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"aomenc parameters:")),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--bit-depth=10")," We're using 10bit because it makes the video smaller and reduces ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Video_codecs#contouring"},"banding"),".")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--cpu-used=4")," This is the preset which ranges from 0-9, you can go to 3 if you want more efficiency, 2 if you have a lot of time, 4 is the sweet spot, and 6 if you want speed. Don't go above 6 (Worst efficiency) or even 0 (It would take WEEKS to finish).")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--end-usage=q --cq-level=24")," This specifies that we are going to use a knockoff version of CRF level similar to x264/x265 encoders, in this case CRF 24.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--threads=2")," Sets the amount of threads the encoder can use, aligns with ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--set-thread-affinity")," in Av1an.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0")," This is the tiles options, where the encoder splits the videos into tiles to encode faster, see the image below (Yellow lines):"),(0,i.kt)("picture",null,(0,i.kt)("source",{srcset:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/av1-community-contributors/images/main/tiling_av1.avif?token=GHSAT0AAAAAACEZPDXIZARY5MGSTJW4SI22ZHY636A",type:"image/avif"}),(0,i.kt)("img",{src:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/HwhZjoDsdzLZsJM2mjzX7lEDmJn1xcYNdrQqmOxPYW/tiling_av1.jpeg",alt:"Tiling",width:"1280",height:"768",loading:"lazy"})))),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"Tile usage",type:"note"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Do NOT use tiles for 1080p and below, use 1 ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tile-columns")," at 1440p (2K), 2 ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tile-columns")," and 1 ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tile-rows")," for 2160p (4K)")),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--lag-in-frames=64")," Knockoff of x264/x265 ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_pictures"},"Group of Pictures")," (GOP), makes the encoder look into future frames for better compression decision making, do not go over 64 as it is pretty much useless.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--aq-mode")," adaptive quantization mode, 0 is better most of the time")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--tune-content=psy --tune=ssim")," As the name suggests they are tunes that affect the video output, for the better, and for the worst"))),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"Tunes to use",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Set ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tune-content")," to ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"animation")," if you're encoding above ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cq-level=30")," A.K.A lower quality, despite it's name\nSet ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tune-content")," to ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"psy")," for everything else, ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"do not use if you encode above ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"cq-level=30")),"\nFor ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"tune"),", this is a bit tricky. For now, the meta seems to be ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ssim"),", but back then it was ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lavish")," which is considered THE best tune because it's based on ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/google/butteraugli"},"butteraugli"),". Now it's fallen behind because its more blurry than ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ssim"),", and before that it was ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"butteraugli"),", and then ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ipq_vmaf_psy"),", and finally just ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ipq"),".\nIf you use any of the VMAF tunes, ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"you need to specify ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"strong"},"--vmaf-model-path=")," to where you put it"),".")),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--enable-keyframe-filtering=1")," We're setting it to 1 because of compatibility reasons, 2 is more efficient but there are seeking issues and FFmpeg for some reason can't input it.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--sb-size=dynamic")," Allows the encoder to use 128x128 block partitioning besides 64x64 which gives an efficiency boost, ignore it.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--deltaq-mode")," set to 0 because its just better.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--arnr-strength=1")," Controls how strong the filtering will be, 1 is good for 3D Pixar CGI-like and 2D animation, use 4 if you're doing live action content. Using maximum at higher bitrates would just result in a blurry mess.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--disable-kf --enable-fwd-kf=0")," We're disabling keyframes cause ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Av1an already did scene detection, so we wont have to."),". And it speeds things up.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--kf-max-dist=9999")," Maximum keyframe interval, we're setting it at the highest possible value since av1an's scene detection keyframe interval is already 240 by default")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--enable-chroma-deltaq=1 --enable-qm=1 --quant-b-adapt=1")," Parameters that give you free efficiency boost.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--enable-dnl-denoising=0")," Disables the encoder's built-in denoising technique when grain synthesis is enabled, you can optionally set it to 1 when you have a pretty noisy video since it works quite well."))),(0,i.kt)("admonition",{title:"Concatenation Error on Linux",type:"info"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Run ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ulimit -n 200000"),", resume, and it should concatenate just fine. If it still errors, head to the encode directory > encode, and run ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mkvmerge @../options.json"))),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"merging-everything"},"Merging Everything"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Once you're done just encode your audio using ffmpeg (or just passthrough it), subtitles should be carried along with your video output, and merge them in MKVToolNix! Don't want Matroska files? That's fine, you can use FFmpeg or MP4Box to output into ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"mp4"),", just keep in mind that PGS/SUP/VOBSUB subtitles are not supported and Opus audio support is still experimental."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"tips--tricks"},"Tips & Tricks"),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--denoise-noise-level=10")," Alternative to ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"photon-noise"),", slower than photon-noise and is the OG grain synthesis method, performs okay and just serves as an alternative. Don't attempt to use it at high values (>12) since it creates noticeable grain patterns.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--arnr-maxframes")," to set max reference frames that will be used to filter the encode, higher values would make the video blurrier at high fidelity but look better at lower bitrates.")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--butteraugli-resize-factor=2")," if you use any of the butteraugli-based tunes (lavish, butteraugli) to speed it up without much losses and ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--butteraugli-intensity-target=250")," to match the content light level."))),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"final-thoughts"},"Final Thoughts"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,'Encoding has always been about experimentation for the best, there is really no "One size fits all" for encoding content, as they differ from scene complexity, how it\'s captured (2D/Real life), film grain, dark scenes, etc. So experiment away for your specific type of content!'),(0,i.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Guide originally hosted on ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"https://rentry.co/AV1"},"https://rentry.co/AV1"),", rewrite and migration by Simulping."))))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},9081:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=a.p+"assets/images/compare-guide-6feb966fbd9d73be4a3097c41691c4ad.webp"},5900:(e,t,a)=>{a.d(t,{Z:()=>n});const n=a.p+"assets/images/python-path-a89fc4fe6c6eb4c2ea0a7610dd2cf09a.webp"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/632d0ef1.e6e421a3.js b/assets/js/632d0ef1.e6e421a3.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7d19d5213 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/632d0ef1.e6e421a3.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[1979],{2233:(e,n,t)=>{t.r(n),t.d(n,{assets:()=>d,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>l,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>c,toc:()=>a});var o=t(5893),i=t(1151);const r={title:"VTM",sidebar_position:11},s="VTM",c={id:"encoders/VTM",title:"VTM",description:"This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our Contribution Guide to get started as a contributor!",source:"@site/docs/encoders/VTM.mdx",sourceDirName:"encoders",slug:"/encoders/VTM",permalink:"/docs/encoders/VTM",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/encoders/VTM.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:11,frontMatter:{title:"VTM",sidebar_position:11},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"uvg266",permalink:"/docs/encoders/uvg266"},next:{title:"AVM",permalink:"/docs/encoders/AVM"}},d={},a=[];function u(e){const n={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",h1:"h1",p:"p",...(0,i.a)(),...e.components};return(0,o.jsxs)(o.Fragment,{children:[(0,o.jsx)(n.h1,{id:"vtm",children:"VTM"}),"\n",(0,o.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Help Wanted",type:"danger",children:(0,o.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our ",(0,o.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/contribution-guide",children:"Contribution Guide"})," to get started as a contributor!"]})}),"\n",(0,o.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["VTM is the original ",(0,o.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/video/VVC",children:"H.266"})," (better known as VVC) reference encoder, in competition with alternatives like ",(0,o.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/VVenC",children:"VVenC"}),". In the modern day, it joins other MPEG reference encoders such as ",(0,o.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/HM",children:"HM"})," & ",(0,o.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/encoders/JM",children:"JM"})," in their reputations for being highly niche offerings that are used rarely due to their usage complexity & speed disadvantages; however, VTM may be more useful due to the current difficulty facing VVC encoding regardless of the encoding implementation one chooses to use. x264 is more efficient than JM."]})]})}function l(e={}){const{wrapper:n}={...(0,i.a)(),...e.components};return n?(0,o.jsx)(n,{...e,children:(0,o.jsx)(u,{...e})}):u(e)}},1151:(e,n,t)=>{t.d(n,{Z:()=>c,a:()=>s});var o=t(7294);const i={},r=o.createContext(i);function s(e){const n=o.useContext(r);return o.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(n):{...n,...e}}),[n,e])}function c(e){let n;return n=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(i):e.components||i:s(e.components),o.createElement(r.Provider,{value:n},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/6549b2b5.e40d93c8.js b/assets/js/6549b2b5.e40d93c8.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8691c90a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/6549b2b5.e40d93c8.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[7198],{4461:(e,i,t)=>{t.r(i),t.d(i,{assets:()=>l,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>n,metadata:()=>r,toc:()=>c});var s=t(5893),o=t(1151);const n={title:"Site Optimization by Reducing Image Load on the Web",description:"A big part of understanding any multimedia codec technology is knowing the application for such technology. For images, a big use case is web delivery.",slug:"site-optimization",authors:[{name:"RootAtKali",title:"Autocompressor Founder / CEO",image_url:"https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/456553041902960660/e57850912e0cd8dd62cb20439e0b36ea.jpg"},{name:"Gianni Rosato",title:"Maintainer",url:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4"}],tags:["image","web","compression"],image:"/img/_DSC8466-smaller.jpg",hide_table_of_contents:!1},a=void 0,r={permalink:"/blog/site-optimization",source:"@site/blog/2023-07-21-site-optimization.mdx",title:"Site Optimization by Reducing Image Load on the Web",description:"A big part of understanding any multimedia codec technology is knowing the application for such technology. For images, a big use case is web delivery.",date:"2023-07-21T00:00:00.000Z",formattedDate:"July 21, 2023",tags:[{label:"image",permalink:"/blog/tags/image"},{label:"web",permalink:"/blog/tags/web"},{label:"compression",permalink:"/blog/tags/compression"}],readingTime:9.255,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"RootAtKali",title:"Autocompressor Founder / CEO",image_url:"https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/456553041902960660/e57850912e0cd8dd62cb20439e0b36ea.jpg",imageURL:"https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/456553041902960660/e57850912e0cd8dd62cb20439e0b36ea.jpg"},{name:"Gianni Rosato",title:"Maintainer",url:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4",imageURL:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4"}],frontMatter:{title:"Site Optimization by Reducing Image Load on the Web",description:"A big part of understanding any multimedia codec technology is knowing the application for such technology. For images, a big use case is web delivery.",slug:"site-optimization",authors:[{name:"RootAtKali",title:"Autocompressor Founder / CEO",image_url:"https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/456553041902960660/e57850912e0cd8dd62cb20439e0b36ea.jpg",imageURL:"https://cdn.discordapp.com/avatars/456553041902960660/e57850912e0cd8dd62cb20439e0b36ea.jpg"},{name:"Gianni Rosato",title:"Maintainer",url:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato",image_url:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4",imageURL:"https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35711760?v=4"}],tags:["image","web","compression"],image:"/img/_DSC8466-smaller.jpg",hide_table_of_contents:!1},unlisted:!1,prevItem:{title:"AV1 Encoding for Dummies",permalink:"/blog/av1-encoding-for-dummies"}},l={authorsImageUrls:[void 0,void 0]},c=[{value:"Fire & Forget",id:"fire--forget",level:2},{value:"Massive Improvement",id:"massive-improvement",level:2},{value:"Lazy Loading",id:"lazy-loading",level:3},{value:"New Codecs",id:"new-codecs",level:2},{value:"Fallbacks",id:"fallbacks",level:3},{value:"Compression Efficacy",id:"compression-efficacy",level:3},{value:"Responsive Images",id:"responsive-images",level:2}];function h(e){const i={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",code:"code",em:"em",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",img:"img",li:"li",p:"p",pre:"pre",strong:"strong",ul:"ul",...(0,o.a)(),...e.components};return(0,s.jsxs)(s.Fragment,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"A big part of understanding any multimedia codec technology is knowing the application for such technology."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"For images, a big use case is web delivery. Compared to other multimedia, images are incredibly popular on the Web & knowing how to serve them properly can be a massive boon to your website's traffic as well as less of a headache for users on slower connections or who are under bandwidth constraints. The most disappointing part is that images are often poorly done on the web; all too frequently will you run into a site serving massive photographic PNGs for no reason, or photography sites serving photographs fresh out of the editing software with no thought put into their final delivery. A little effort, patience, & knowledge will go a long way toward improving the user experience for individuals using your site, & this article will illustrate some of the basics."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.admonition,{type:"caution",children:(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["These instructions are for ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"photographic"})," images; other kinds of images, like non-photographic, artwork, pixel art, etc. should likely be handled differently."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.admonition,{type:"danger",children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Many images won't load properly unless your browser supports JXL, AVIF, & proper ICCv2 color management. This is for demonstration purposes only & shouldn't represent an actual common website experience. If you're curious anyway, the following browsers can display the contents of this page perfectly:"}),(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://thorium.rocks/",children:"Thorium"})," | ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:["Linux, ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Alex313031/Thorium-Special/releases",children:"macOS"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Alex313031/thorium/releases/",children:"Windows"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Alex313031/Thorium-Special/releases",children:"Android"})]})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.waterfox.net/",children:"Waterfox"})," | ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://flathub.org/apps/net.waterfox.waterfox",children:"Linux"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.waterfox.net/download/",children:"macOS"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.waterfox.net/download/",children:"Windows"})]})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://thorium.rocks/mercury",children:"Mercury"})," | ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Alex313031/Mercury/releases",children:"Linux"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://github.com/Alex313031/Mercury/releases",children:"Windows"})]})]}),"\n"]})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"fire--forget",children:"Fire & Forget"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["First, we'll illustrate what ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"not"})," to do, which is fortunately not incredibly difficult to avoid. Taking an image straight out of your editing software at a massive size will often bloat the size & resolution to something that isn't generally usable for a website regardless of the codec you're using & its quality per bit. It can be argued there are specific use cases that demand incredible resolution & fidelity coexist on the Web, but we won't be covering those here. Here's an example of a bloated image:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"exported straight from Darktable at JPEG q90, with no scaling"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"bloated_jpeg",src:t(3372).Z+"",width:"5470",height:"3656"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"2.2 MB"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"massive-improvement",children:"Massive Improvement"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"The easiest way to have a large improvement without doing much work is to simply resize the image before serving it. Even if you exported a lossy JPEG, resizing should remove a lot of artifacts. The way to perceive a worst-case for an image's size on a site is to inspect the image element's width & height, which should give us an estimate of how large we should make our image. Any larger than this value is unreasonable since we're overfilling the element's size for no reason & the image is being scaled down anyway."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"box-size-mac",src:t(6819).Z+""}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"Inspect Element in Firefox. The Mac used to take this screenshot has a relatively high display resolution of 2560x1664. Because Macs scale things differently, we're probably going to want to double the horizontal resolution here."})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["The width is the most important value here, so our new image is going to be exported with a width of 1699 pixels. This new image, encoded at JPEG q90 with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjpegli"}),", looks like this:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"smaller_jpeg",src:t(4642).Z+"",width:"1699",height:"1136"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Obviously, there's lost fidelity compared to the original, but considering this is ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"so much smaller"}),", it is worth the trade-off for many. It is also worth noting we are using an improved jpeg encoder in the form of ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjpegli"}),", although that is secondary to the resize. If it doesn't look as good as you want it to, you can always scale the resolution up a bit, though currently, it looks plenty passable for its size."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["2.2 MB -> ",(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"233 kB"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"lazy-loading",children:"Lazy Loading"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A bonus tip is to add the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:'loading="lazy"'})," attribute to your picture tag to allow the image to load only when scrolled to by a user. This doesn't save bandwidth, but it improves the user experience by loading images further down the page only when necessary. An example may look like this:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-html",children:'<picture>\n <img src="/images/jpeg_fallback.jpg" alt="alt text" width="XX" height="YY" loading="lazy" />\n</picture> \n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"new-codecs",children:"New Codecs"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["If you desire further improvement, it may be time to consider using a newer codec like ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/images/AVIF",children:"AVIF"})," or ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/images/JXL",children:"JPEG-XL"}),". These options will compress far more effectively than JPEG, with the only trade-off being browser support. We're not going to consider ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/images/WebP",children:"WebP"})," or ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/images/HEIC",children:"HEIC"}),", since WebP is not competitive enough with JPEG for photographic imagery (often being worse) & HEIC has been superseded by AVIF - which sees greater support anyhow - & is not royalty free, effectively preventing widespread Web adoption forever. Again, we're just considering ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"lossy"})," compression for ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"photographic"})," images; it is a different story with WebP elsewhere, as it performs well on non-photographic content & is almost always better than PNG for 8-bit lossless compression. So, we are left with JXL & AVIF for now."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"fallbacks",children:"Fallbacks"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"AVIF sees widespread support, but JPEG-XL isn't quite there yet with Web support as Google continues to push AVIF (it is debatable if it ever will be outside the Apple ecosystem). Even with AVIF, adoption isn't remotely close to JPEG, so it is worth providing a fallback. This can look like the following example:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-html",children:'<picture>\n <source srcset="/img/jxl_image.jxl" type="image/jxl" />\n <source srcset="/img/avif_image.avif" type="image/avif" />\n <source srcset="/img/webp_fback.webp" type="image/webp" />\n <img src="/images/jpeg_fallback.jpg" alt="alt text" width="XX" height="YY" loading="lazy" />\n</picture> \n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Here is a JXL falling back to an AVIF falling back to a WebP falling back to a JPEG. Pretty intense to have this many fallbacks unless you're really after the ultimate compression ratio, but it is certainly an option. AVIF & JPEG alone will probably be enough for most."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h3,{id:"compression-efficacy",children:"Compression Efficacy"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Let's look at how our image examples compare to the original with our new codec selection. We'll be aiming for high visual fidelity, so around the same quality as our initial JPEG encoded with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjpegli"})," (which scores ~",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"83.01"})," with the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/metrics/SSIMULACRA2",children:"SSIMULACRA2"})," visual fidelity metric)."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"smaller_jxl",src:t(3086).Z+""})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"137.0 kB"})," ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:["JPEG-XL image, encoded with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjxl lossless.png out.jxl -d 1.49 -e 9"}),". Score: ~",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"83.04"})]})," ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"3.06s user time"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"smaller_avif",src:t(6309).Z+""})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"124.8 kB"})," ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:["AVIF image, encoded with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"avifenc -c aom -s 4 -j 8 -d 10 -y 444 --min 1 --max 63 -a end-usage=q -a cq-level=16 -a tune=ssim lossless.png out.avif"}),". Score: ~",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"83.03"})]})," ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"7.54s user time"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["JXL also supports lossless transcoding of JPEG images. This means every pixel is identical, the image just has a smaller filesize than the original JPEG; if you can use JXL, you can transcode existing JPEGs losslessly on your site & save some bandwidth that way. The JPEG transcode below gives a higher SSIMULACRA2 score than the original for some reason, but I'll chalk that up to a decoding inconsistency between how the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"ssimulacra2"})," program decodes JPEG & JXL. Either way, the scores are fairly close."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"smaller_jxl_jpeg-recomp",src:t(8545).Z+""})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"189.4 kB"})," ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:["JPEG-XL image from JPEG, encoded with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjxl input.jpg input-recomp.jxl -d 0.0 -e 9 --brotli_effort=11"}),". Score: ~",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"84.92"})," (???)"]})," ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"0.67s user time"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["The final trick we can use, while not a new codec at all, still increases quality per bit. Encoding an XYB JPEG with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjpegli"})," encodes with the perceptual XYB colorspace using an ICC profile to modify the original JPEG colors, avoiding JPEG's normal YCbCr which isn't perceptually optimized for the human visual system. Using XYB, we can afford identical quality with less bitrate than normal JPEG. This has universal compatibility, but not every application understands how to handle the XYB color profile (although color-managed modern browsers should be fine)."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"smaller_jpeg_xyb",src:t(2282).Z+"",width:"1699",height:"1136"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"208.3 kB"})," ",(0,s.jsxs)(i.em,{children:["XYB JPEG, encoded with ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"cjpegli lossless.png out.jpg --xyb -d 1.155"}),". Score: ~",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"83.04"})]})," ",(0,s.jsx)(i.em,{children:"0.10s user time"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"In this particular instance, AVIF seems to be the overall winner. This isn't always the case due to JXL's superiority at higher fidelity & with more detailed images, but according to SSIMULACRA2, AVIF has the best quality per bit with this image. You can use your own eyes to further clarify your choice, though. It is worth mentioning that as these were encoded from a 16-bit source PNG, the JXL image is the only one that maintains the full original bit depth, & AVIF isn't fast to encode."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"responsive-images",children:"Responsive Images"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Displaying an image that is too large for a viewport is a waste of bandwidth, & displaying an image that's too small for the viewport leaves fidelity to be desired. Luckily, we have the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://ausi.github.io/respimagelint/",children:"Responsive Image Linter"})," that can help us figure out which image sizes we should be using."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.img,{alt:"responsive_image_linter",src:t(6294).Z+""})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"In our fire & forget example, we see that we are serving an image that is far too large. We already know that, but now we can see that given various viewport sizes we could be serving images that have respective widths of 270px, 958px, 1350px, 1660px, & 1916px to optimize for delivery to a variety of different devices. 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It also uses Huffman coding to encode the symbols with variable-length codes based on how frequently they occur. DEFLATE has two modes for each block of compressed data: These are specified as either "static" or "dynamic" Huffman compressed blocks. In static mode, the Huffman codes are fixed and predefined. In dynamic mode, the Huffman codes are generated dynamically & transmitted along with the compressed data.'}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"ZIP files have a specific structure that consists of four main file header components: local file headers, central directory file headers, end of central directory record, and data descriptors. The local file headers store information about each compressed file, such as its name, size, CRC-32 checksum, compression method, and optional extra fields. The central directory file headers store similar information as the local file headers, but also include the offset of each local file header in the ZIP file. The end of central directory record marks the end of the ZIP file and contains information about the number and size of the central directory file headers. The data descriptors are optional and store additional information about the compressed data, such as its CRC-32 checksum, uncompressed size, & compressed size."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["ZIP files can also support other compression methods, such as Deflate64(tm), BZIP2, LZMA, & ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/zstd",children:"Zstandard"}),". These methods are not widely supported by most ZIP utilities and may cause compatibility issues. ZIP files can also contain uncompressed data. The format also supports encryption to protect the data from unauthorized access. There are two types of encryption supported by ZIP: traditional ZipCrypto encryption and strong encryption. ZipCrypto encryption is considered insecure, while stronger encryption in ZIP uses more resilient algorithms albiet spread across a number of standards. Because of this, strong encryption is not standardized and may cause compatibility issues."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"ZIP files can reduce the size of files and folders by more efficiently representing redundant data. They can also combine multiple files and folders into a single archive that can be easily transferred or stored. You will not find a more popular implementation than ZIP for general data compression purposes like these. ZIP files can also preserve the metadata of the original files, such as their names, paths, dates, and attributes. However, ZIP files also have some limitations and concerns. For example, traditional ZIP files (that aren't ZIP64) have a maximum size of 4 gigabytes for each compressed file and 65,535 entries for each archive. Most ZIP implementations do not support symbolic links or hard links within the archive."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:['Additionally, ZIP can be encoded in a number of different ways. Apple has a default "Compress" option in Finder that compresses selected files into a ZIP file, and many Linux desktops offer GUI functionality for creating ZIP files easily as well. It is common to compress to ZIP on Windows using the 7-zip data compression & decompression utility (not to be confused with the ',(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/7z",children:"7-zip compression format"}),", though the two are related)."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"history",children:"History"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"The ZIP format was developed by Phil Katz as an open format with an open specification, where his implementation, PKZIP, was shareware."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000361.shtml",children:"restricted ZIP format"})," exists and is used in other filetypes such as Java .jar archives, a slew of Microsoft Office file formats, Office Document Format files (.odt, .ods, .odp), and EPUB files for e-readers."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:['In around 1990, Info-ZIP came onto the scene. "Info-ZIP\'s purpose is to provide free, portable, high-quality versions of the Zip and UnZip compressor-archiver utilities that are compatible with the DOS-based PKZIP by PKWARE, Inc." (',(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://infozip.sourceforge.net/",children:"https://infozip.sourceforge.net/"}),"). They did this successfully, leading to increased adoption of the ZIP format."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["In the early 1990s the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/gzip",children:"gzip"})," format was developed, derived from the Deflate code in the Info-ZIP utilities. It was designed to replace the Unix ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"compress"})," utility, which used the (at the time) patented LZW compression algorithm which threatened its free use. Though some specific implementations of Deflate were patented by Phil Katz, the format was not, so a Deflate implementation that did not infringe on any patents was written."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Unlike ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".zip"})," has a central directory at the end, which provides a list of the contents. That and the separate compression provides random access to the individual entries in a ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".zip"})," file. A ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar"})," file would have to be decompressed and scanned from start to end in order to build a directory."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["The popular ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"tar"})," utility, which creates an archive of files, has an option to compress directly to the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar.gz"})," format and is a very popular use caze for gzip. Since the compression of a ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar"})," can take advantage of redundancy across files, ZIP often compresses less effectively than the marriage of tar & gz. ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar.gz"})," is the most common archive format in use on Unix due to its very high portability, but there are better compression methods available. Some of these include ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/xz",children:"XZ"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/bzip2",children:"bzip2"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/brotli",children:"brotli"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/7z",children:"7-zip"}),", & ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/data/zstd",children:"Zstandard"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["In this case, the benefit of ZIP is that because it compresses files separately and builds a central directory at the end of the archive which provides a list of the contents, ZIP provides random access to the individual entries in a ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".zip"})," file. A ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:".tar"})," file would have to be decompressed and scanned from start to end in order to build a directory."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"encoding",children:"Encoding"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"linux--macos",children:"Linux & macOS"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:['To encode to a ZIP file most efficiently on Linux or macOS, it is worth using the 7-zip implementation of DEFLATE for ZIP compression. The 7zip website\'s homepage claims: "For ZIP and GZIP formats, 7-Zip provides a compression ratio that is 2-10 % better than the ratio provided by PKZip and WinZip." You can use the highly flexible 7-zip CLI utility through binaries available on ',(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.7-zip.org/download.html",children:"7-zip's Download page"}),". Here are some direct download links: ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.7-zip.org/a/7z2301-linux-x64.tar.xz",children:"Linux x86_64"})," | ",(0,s.jsx)(i.a,{href:"https://www.7-zip.org/a/7z2301-mac.tar.xz",children:"macOS Universal"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["Once you've downloaded the utility, remember whether you are choosing to use the ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"7zz"})," binary or the static ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"7zzs"})," binary. Commands run using ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"7zz"})," should run using ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"7zzs"})," as well, so please replace ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"7zz"})," in our examples as appropriate if you choose not to use it. Additionally, please copy your choice of binary to your ",(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"})," if you want to be able to use it everywhere."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:"To encode a ZIP file at the lowest effort setting using one thread:"}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'7zz a -bso0 -tzip -mmt1 -mx1 "Output.zip" "Input"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(i.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.li,{children:"To encode a ZIP file at the highest effort setting using eight threads:"}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(i.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'7zz a -bso0 -tzip -mmt8 -mx9 "Output.zip" "Input"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"windows",children:"Windows"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"To be filled."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"conclusion",children:"Conclusion"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(i.p,{children:"The only real benefit of using ZIP over more modern formats currently is compatibility. It may be viable when compared to 7z & XZ due to a reduction in complexity that improves encode & decode speed, but Zstandard is incredibly performant in both of these areas and generally outperforms ZIP. When it comes to content delivery on the Web, Brotli has been adopted across all modern web browsers and offers a better alternative to older compression technologies used on the Web that resemble ZIP."})]})}function h(e={}){const{wrapper:i}={...(0,o.a)(),...e.components};return i?(0,s.jsx)(i,{...e,children:(0,s.jsx)(l,{...e})}):l(e)}},1151:(e,i,t)=>{t.d(i,{Z:()=>r,a:()=>n});var s=t(7294);const o={},a=s.createContext(o);function n(e){const i=s.useContext(a);return s.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(i):{...i,...e}}),[i,e])}function r(e){let i;return i=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(o):e.components||o:n(e.components),s.createElement(a.Provider,{value:i},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/6c179ac5.8c847a8d.js b/assets/js/6c179ac5.8c847a8d.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82dd4e1d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/6c179ac5.8c847a8d.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[5332],{6276:(e,o,i)=>{i.r(o),i.d(o,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>s,default:()=>h,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>d,toc:()=>a});var n=i(5893),t=i(1151);const r={label:"Theora",sidebar_position:9},s="Theora",d={id:"video/Theora",title:"Theora",description:"This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our Contribution Guide to get started as a contributor!",source:"@site/docs/video/Theora.mdx",sourceDirName:"video",slug:"/video/Theora",permalink:"/docs/video/Theora",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/video/Theora.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:9,frontMatter:{label:"Theora",sidebar_position:9},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"VC-1",permalink:"/docs/video/VC-1"},next:{title:"FFV1",permalink:"/docs/video/FFV1"}},c={},a=[{value:"Encoding",id:"encoding",level:2}];function l(e){const o={a:"a",admonition:"admonition",code:"code",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",p:"p",...(0,t.a)(),...e.components};return(0,n.jsxs)(n.Fragment,{children:[(0,n.jsx)(o.h1,{id:"theora",children:"Theora"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(o.admonition,{title:"Help Wanted",type:"danger",children:(0,n.jsxs)(o.p,{children:["This section is in need of contributions. If you believe you can help, please see our ",(0,n.jsx)(o.a,{href:"/docs/contribution-guide",children:"Contribution Guide"})," to get started as a contributor!"]})}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(o.p,{children:["Theora is a legacy video codec first released in 2004. It is derived from VP3, part of the same family of codecs that formed ",(0,n.jsx)(o.a,{href:"/docs/video/VP8",children:"VP8"}),", ",(0,n.jsx)(o.a,{href:"/docs/video/VP9",children:"VP9"})," and ",(0,n.jsx)(o.a,{href:"/docs/video/AV1",children:"AV1"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(o.h2,{id:"encoding",children:"Encoding"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(o.p,{children:["Theora is frequently contained within a ogg (",(0,n.jsx)(o.code,{children:".ogg"})," or ",(0,n.jsx)(o.code,{children:".ogv"}),") container with ",(0,n.jsx)(o.a,{href:"/docs/audio/Vorbis",children:"vorbis"})," audio."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(o.p,{children:"To be filled."})]})}function h(e={}){const{wrapper:o}={...(0,t.a)(),...e.components};return o?(0,n.jsx)(o,{...e,children:(0,n.jsx)(l,{...e})}):l(e)}},1151:(e,o,i)=>{i.d(o,{Z:()=>d,a:()=>s});var n=i(7294);const t={},r=n.createContext(t);function s(e){const o=n.useContext(r);return n.useMemo((function(){return"function"==typeof e?e(o):{...o,...e}}),[o,e])}function d(e){let o;return o=e.disableParentContext?"function"==typeof e.components?e.components(t):e.components||t:s(e.components),n.createElement(r.Provider,{value:o},e.children)}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/6d85920a.647ad565.js b/assets/js/6d85920a.647ad565.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5aeeb6b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/6d85920a.647ad565.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki=self.webpackChunkcodec_wiki||[]).push([[4329],{2313:(e,i,t)=>{t.r(i),t.d(i,{assets:()=>c,contentTitle:()=>r,default:()=>h,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>a,toc:()=>d});var n=t(5893),o=t(1151);const s={title:"Terminology",sidebar_position:2},r="Terminology",a={id:"introduction/terminology",title:"Terminology",description:"When learning about encoding technology, it is important to understand the vast terminology that is often used to describe concepts that are often not very complex to understand.",source:"@site/docs/introduction/terminology.mdx",sourceDirName:"introduction",slug:"/introduction/terminology",permalink:"/docs/introduction/terminology",draft:!1,unlisted:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/av1-community-contributors/codec-wiki/tree/main/docs/introduction/terminology.mdx",tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:2,frontMatter:{title:"Terminology",sidebar_position:2},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Prologue",permalink:"/docs/introduction/prologue"},next:{title:"Spotting Video Artifacts",permalink:"/docs/introduction/video-artifacts"}},c={},d=[{value:"Bitstream",id:"bitstream",level:2},{value:"Lossy / Lossless",id:"lossy--lossless",level:2},{value:"Elementary stream",id:"elementary-stream",level:2},{value:"Muxing",id:"muxing",level:2},{value:"Codec",id:"codec",level:2},{value:"Filter",id:"filter",level:2},{value:"Muxer/Demuxer",id:"muxerdemuxer",level:2},{value:"Bitstream filter",id:"bitstream-filter",level:2},{value:"Container",id:"container",level:2},{value:"MP4 / M4V",id:"mp4--m4v",level:4},{value:"MOV",id:"mov",level:4},{value:"MKV / MKA / MKS / MK3D",id:"mkv--mka--mks--mk3d",level:4},{value:"WebM",id:"webm",level:4},{value:"Transcoding",id:"transcoding",level:2},{value:"RDO",id:"rdo",level:2},{value:"Perceputal / Psychovisual / Psychoacoustic",id:"perceputal--psychovisual--psychoacoustic",level:2},{value:"Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)",id:"discrete-cosine-transform-dct",level:2}];function l(e){const i={a:"a",em:"em",h1:"h1",h2:"h2",h4:"h4",p:"p",strong:"strong",...(0,o.a)(),...e.components};return(0,n.jsxs)(n.Fragment,{children:[(0,n.jsx)(i.h1,{id:"terminology",children:"Terminology"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"When learning about encoding technology, it is important to understand the vast terminology that is often used to describe concepts that are often not very complex to understand."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"bitstream",children:"Bitstream"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A ",(0,n.jsx)(i.em,{children:"bitstream"})," or ",(0,n.jsx)(i.em,{children:"bit stream"})," is a media file, the kind that is played in a media player. It consists of a ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#container",children:"container"})," wrapping multiple ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#elementary-stream",children:"elementary streams"})]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"lossy--lossless",children:"Lossy / Lossless"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:[(0,n.jsx)(i.em,{children:"Lossy"})," encoding throws out some of the detail to achieve a smaller size. Often, this is an acceptable trade-off, but if you need a perfect recreation of the data, you need ",(0,n.jsx)(i.em,{children:"lossless"})," encoding."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"elementary-stream",children:"Elementary stream"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["An elementary stream is an audio, video, or subtitle track. Basically, it's the compressed data you want to ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#muxing",children:"mux"})," into the container."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"muxing",children:"Muxing"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Putting elementary streams into a container, which preserves them without making any changes to the data."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"codec",children:"Codec"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A codec (",(0,n.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"co"}),"der/",(0,n.jsx)(i.strong,{children:"dec"}),"oder) is the piece of code that actually encodes the data you put in. It takes as input and produces as output an elementary stream. More information is provided ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/introduction/prologue#what-is-a-codec",children:"in the prologue"}),' under "What is a Codec".']}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"filter",children:"Filter"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"A filter is a piece of code you can apply to the data to make something about it different, for instance sharpening, removing artifacts, shakiness, denoising, scaling, overlay, etc."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"muxerdemuxer",children:"Muxer/Demuxer"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["The pieces of code that ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#muxing",children:"mux"})," or do the reverse, getting elementary streams from the container."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"bitstream-filter",children:"Bitstream filter"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A bitstream filter is a filter that is directly applied to the ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#bitstream",children:"bitstream"})," in order to change something about the container, for instance, convert frame types, or corrupt some packets."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h2,{id:"container",children:"Container"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A container is a format for putting one or more elementary streams into one file, which is then called a ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"#bitstream",children:"bitstream"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:'A video container is a digital file format that holds video and audio data, as well as additional information such as subtitles, metadata, and chapter markers. It acts as a "wrapper" that packages all these elements into a single file that can be played on various devices and software platforms. Think of it like a container you might use to transport goods - the video and audio data are like the items being transported, while the container itself provides a structure and organization for the contents.'}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Some kinds of containers:"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"mp4--m4v",children:"MP4 / M4V"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["This is likely the most common container you've encountered, & has near universal compatibility. Has a limited maximum amount of streams. The supported video codecs are ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/AVC",children:"H.264"}),", ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/HEVC",children:"H.265"}),", ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/VVC",children:"H.266"}),", DivX, Xvid, ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/VP9",children:"VP9"})," (Unofficial, hacky), and ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/video/AV1",children:"AV1"})," (Unofficial, hacky). For audio codecs it's many of the various flavors of ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/AAC",children:"AAC"}),", ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/MP3",children:"MP3"}),", ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/FLAC",children:"FLAC"})," (Unofficial), ",(0,n.jsx)(i.a,{href:"/docs/audio/Opus",children:"Opus"})," (Unofficial, hacky). For subtitles only MPEG-4 Timed Text (TTXT) is supported."]}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"The best tool to work with this container is MP4Box, but FFmpeg also works."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"mov",children:"MOV"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Similar to MP4, but less supported. Made with Apple Quicktime in mind, supports ProRes."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"mkv--mka--mks--mk3d",children:"MKV / MKA / MKS / MK3D"}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.p,{children:"Also known as Matroska, allows an unlimited amount of video/audio/subtitle streams and any codec that probably still exists in Area 51, you can put literally anything in there and it won't even care, MPEG-2/DivX/H.266/Theora/Thor/RealVideo/MJPEG/AVS3/AMR-WB, you name it. All around best container for working with if you have the choice."}),"\n",(0,n.jsx)(i.h4,{id:"webm",children:"WebM"}),"\n",(0,n.jsxs)(i.p,{children:["A container made with web streaming in mind. 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Unless you build it yourself."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"installation",children:"Installation"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"microsoft-windows",children:"Microsoft Windows"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"The Easy Way:"})," Download the pre-built versions, which can be found below (Current as of Sept 6, 2023):"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/download/-2EiZW1edcT9anApFZ1PJBEber-pJ6z02NiQBjbr28",children:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/download/-2EiZW1edcT9anApFZ1PJBEber-pJ6z02NiQBjbr28"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"tip",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Join the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://discord.gg/vpREHAvYvh",children:"AV1 Discord server"})," and head to #community-builds for updated versions, you can opt to compile it yourself with the instructions below."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"The Compiling Route:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Credits",type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Full credits to u/Turbulent-Bend-7416 on Reddit for ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://www.reddit.com/r/AV1/comments/s6eh5f/how_to_compile_av1_in_windows_without_crying",children:"this post"})," on how to compile aomenc."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This guide requires ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"MSYS2"}),", specifically ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"MinGW-W64"}),". Install it if you haven't yet."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"First, install the required dependencies:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"pacman -S cmake git perl yasm nasm python3 doxygen mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake base-devel\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Now, clone the aom-av1-lavish repo in the Endless_Merging branch and create the folders:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish && mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Then we can start compiling with some build optimizations for your CPU:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'cmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt" -DCMAKE_LD_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["The resulting binary will be available within your home folder of the location where you installed MSYS2 (usually ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"C:"}),"), navigate there and the to the aom-av1-lavish folder and it should be there."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:'Built files should be in the "Debug" folder'}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"caution",children:(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Don't share binaries compiled with native CPU optimizations unless the person you're sharing to has the same CPU architecture, as this will lead to missing instructions being used and slowing down encode speeds."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"macos",children:"MacOS"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["macOS is very similar to Linux. Note that some commands may have to be run with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"sudo"}),", which I won't explicitly include for security reasons."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Homebrew"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Installing the Homebrew package manager is a well documented process at this point:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Installing mainline libaom is as simple as running the following:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"brew update && brew upgrade\nbrew install aom\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"FFmpeg can also be installed via brew."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Building From Source"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"If you want aom-av1-lavish instead of mainline, you'll have to compile from source. Things are very similar to Linux, with a few oddities:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["macOS sometimes doesn't have a ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"})," by default. You can fix this by doing ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"mkdir /usr/local/bin"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Homebrew installs ",(0,s.jsx)(n.em,{children:"everything"})," in its own directory structure. If you're building things from source that rely on libraries from libvmaf, libjxl, etc, make sure to copy them from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/homebrew/lib"})," to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/lib"}),". Finding them is a matter of ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'ls | grep "keyword"'})," & copying what looks reasonable to be associated with the tool you're using."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.li,{children:"Building most things from source will have instructions for *nix which work for both macOS & Linux. Even if it says Linux, there's a good chance it'll work on macOS as well, & it is always worth trying Linux build instructions on Mac. aom-av1-lavish requires some additional steps, though."}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"If you want to make the most out of your hardware & eke out every last drop of quality, it may be worth building aom-av1-lavish from source. The first step is to clone it from the Endless Merging branch, which contains all of the latest lavish improvements:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now, you need to make some manual changes to the source code until ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish/pull/1/files",children:"this commit"})," is merged to fix build errors."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Add the line ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'#include "aq_variance.h"'})," at line 19 in ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"av1/encoder/encodeframe_utils.c"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Comment out line 2546 in ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"av1/encoder/speed_features.c"}),". This line is ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };"})," & becomes ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"// const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };"}),"."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now you can continue to build according to the Linux instructions below. Obviously you'll need cmake, which you can install with homebrew along with any other tools. While still in the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aom-av1-lavish"})," directory:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt" -DCMAKE_LD_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\n# This may need to be run as root. If it doesn\'t work properly, you can always copy the binary into /usr/local/bin manually:\nmake install\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now you can run ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'aomenc --help | grep "AOMedia" -C 3'})," to see if lavish installed. If you're getting the same output as above, you may need to copy the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aomenc"})," executable to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/local/bin"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"}),", & ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/homebrew/bin"})," if you already installed mainline aomenc. Running the version info command again, the correct output should look something like this:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"% aomenc --help | grep AOMedia -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n av1 - AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy v3.6.0 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Notice how it says ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy"})," instead of ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder"}),". You should be all set after this to start using aom-av1-lavish."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"linux",children:"Linux"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Linux has no prebuilt binaries so you'll have to compile yourself. CMake, Perl, GNU Make, and nasm (assuming x64, if x86 use yasm) will be needed for compilation."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Compiling aom-av1-lavish, all-in-one-command:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish && mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt" -DCMAKE_LD_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"\xa0\xa0"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"usage",children:"Usage"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"av1-encoding",children:"AV1 Encoding"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Simple Y4M input with CQ 22, 1 pass, and raw ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:".ivf"})," bitstream output:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"aomenc --end-usage=q --cq-level=32 --bit-depth=10 --passes=1 --ivf -o output.ivf input.y4m\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Pipe from FFmpeg:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"ffmpeg -v error -i input.mkv -f yuv4mpegpipe -strict -1 - | aomenc - --end-usage=q --cq-level=32 --bit-depth=10 --passes=1 --ivf -o output.ivf\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Pipe from FFmpeg, 2-pass:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"ffmpeg -v error -i input.mkv -f yuv4mpegpipe -strict -1 - | aomenc - --end-usage=q --cq-level=32 --bit-depth=10 --passes=2 --pass=1 --fpf-log=aom-pass.log --ivf -o output.ivf\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"ffmpeg -v error -i input.mkv -f yuv4mpegpipe -strict -1 - | aomenc - --end-usage=q --cq-level=32 --bit-depth=10 --passes=2 --pass=2 --fpf-log=aom-pass.log --ivf -o output.ivf\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"info",children:(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"The way aomenc was developed requires 2-pass to take full advantage of its efficiency which include better rate controls and encoding features. So always use 2 passes when encoding."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"avif-encoding",children:"AVIF Encoding"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Using aomenc through avifenc is widely considered to be the best way to encode AVIF images, as SVT-AV1 only supports 4:2:0 chroma subsampling, rav1e isn't fast enough for still images, & the libaom team have put more effort into intra coding than the teams responsible for producing the other prominent open source AV1 encoders. A sample command for encoding AVIF looks like this:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"avifenc -c aom -s 4 -j 8 -d 10 -y 444 --min 1 --max 63 -a end-usage=q -a cq-level=16 -a tune=ssim [input] output.avif"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Where:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-c aom"})," is the encoder"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-s 4"})," is the speed. Speeds 4 & below offer the best compression quality at the expense of longer encode times."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-j 8"})," is the number of threads the encoder is allowed to use. Increasing this past 12 will sometimes hurt encode times, as AVIF encoding via aomenc doesn't parallelize perfectly. Test using a speed benchmark to verify which value works best for you."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-d 10"})," is the bit depth. Specifying a value below 10 isn't recommended, as it will hurt coding efficiency even with an 8-bit source image."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-y 444"})," is the chroma subsampling mode. 4:4:4 chroma subsampling tends to provide better compression than 4:2:0 with AVIF, though on some images 4:2:0 chroma subsampling might be the better choice."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"cq-level=16"})," is how you specify quality. Lower values correspond to higher quality & filesize, while higher values mean a smaller, lower-quality output is desired. This is preceded by ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-a"})," because it is an aomenc option, not an avifenc one."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tune=ssim"})," is how the encoder handles RDO (rate-distortion optimization). This may be redundant with the default aomenc parameters, but specifying doesn't hurt to avoid an unintended change if a default is modified sometime in the future."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"recommendations",children:"Recommendations"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["aomenc unfortunately lacks the ability to take advantage of multiple threads, so therefore a tool like ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"/docs/utilities/Av1an",children:"Av1an"})," will be needed for parallelization. The parameters shown will be biased towards Av1an usage, so if you plan on using standalone aomenc then adjust as needed."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Here are some recommended parameters:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--bit-depth=10 --cpu-used=4 --end-usage=q --cq-level=24 --threads=2 --tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0 --lag-in-frames=64 --tune-content=psy --tune=ssim --enable-keyframe-filtering=1 --disable-kf --kf-max-dist=9999 --enable-qm=1 --deltaq-mode=0 --aq-mode=0 --quant-b-adapt=1 --enable-fwd-kf=0 --arnr-strength=1 --sb-size=dynamic --enable-dnl-denoising=0 --denoise-noise-level=8"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Now let's break it down shall we."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--bit-depth=10"})," We're using 10bit because it makes the video smaller and reduces banding."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--cpu-used=4"})," This is the preset which ranges from 0-9, you can go to 3 if you want more efficiency, 2 if you have a lot of time, 4 is the sweet spot, and 6 if you want speed. Don't go above 6 (Worst efficiency) or even 0 (It would take WEEKS to finish)."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--end-usage=q --cq-level=24"})," This specifies that we are going to use a knockoff version of CRF level similar to x264/x265 encoders, in this case CRF 24."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0"})," This is the tiles options, where the encoder splits the videos into tiles to encode faster, see the image below (Yellow lines):"]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)("picture",{children:[(0,s.jsx)("source",{srcset:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/av1-community-contributors/images/main/tiling_av1.avif?token=GHSAT0AAAAAACEZPDXIZARY5MGSTJW4SI22ZHY636A",type:"image/avif"}),(0,s.jsx)("img",{src:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/HwhZjoDsdzLZsJM2mjzX7lEDmJn1xcYNdrQqmOxPYW/tiling_av1.jpeg",alt:"Tiling",width:"1280",height:"768",loading:"lazy"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Tile usage",type:"note",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Do NOT use tiles for 1080p and below, use 1 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-columns"})," at 1440p (2K), 2 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-columns"})," and 1 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-rows"})," for 2160p (4K)"]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--lag-in-frames=64"})," Knockoff of x264/x265 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_pictures",children:"Group of Pictures"})," (GOP), makes the encoder look into future frames for better compression decision making, do not go over 64 as it is pretty much useless."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode=0"})," adaptive quantization mode, a mostly debatable area nowadays. 0 is better most of the time but some say 1 is also good."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tune-content=psy --tune=ssim"})," As the name suggests they are tunes that affect the video output, for the better, and for the worst."]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Do not use ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tune-content=psy"})," if you encode live action above ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"cq-level=30"}),"."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["If you use any of the VMAF tunes, you need to specify ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--vmaf-model-path="})," to where you put VMAF models in."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--enable-keyframe-filtering=1"})," We're setting it to 1 because of compatibility reasons, 2 is more efficient but there are seeking issues and FFmpeg can't input it."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--sb-size=dynamic"})," Allows the encoder to use 128x128 block partitioning besides 64x64 which gives an efficiency boost."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--deltaq-mode=0"})," set to 0 b its better"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--arnr-strength=1"})," Controls how strong the filtering (smoothing) will be, always been a hot topic. Most agree on the default of 4. Others think 1 is good for 3D Pixar CGI-like and 2D animation and 4 for live action content, and a higher value for lower bitrate encodes."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--disable-kf --enable-fwd-kf=0"})," We're disabling keyframes cause Av1an already did scene detection, so we wont have to. 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So do keep this in mind."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"installing-the-tools",children:"Installing the Tools"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"microsoft-windows",children:"Microsoft Windows"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"The GUI Way:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ol,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Install ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/n00mkrad/nmkoder",children:"NMKODER"})," which is a GUI front-end to av1an with all dependencies installed."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.li,{children:"You're done, you can skip to the encoding part"}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Almost abandonware",type:"danger",children:(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Since Nmkoder already ships everything by default and its last release was 29th March 2022. You need to manually update all encoders and tools to get better encoding speeds. Missing out on updates will result in your encodes being sub-optimal."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"The Automated Way:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["There is now a batch script for automating the install process, which can be found ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/Hishiro64/av1an-win-script",children:"here"}),". The instructions are in the README file."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"caution",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["The script will download outdated version encoders and tools such as ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aom-av1-psy"})," and MKVToolNix v76.0, if you are fine with these you can proceed."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"The Manual Way:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ol,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Install ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Python 3.10.x, this will change so consult from the"})," ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"http://www.vapoursynth.com/doc/installation.html",children:"Vapoursynth website"})," ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"if you're reading this from the future"})," from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://www.python.org/downloads/windows/",children:"here"}),' and select "Windows Installer 64-bit". Upon installation check the tick for adding Python to PATH like so\n',(0,s.jsx)(n.img,{alt:"Python PATH",src:i(7843).Z+"",width:"672",height:"417"}),")"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Download and install Vapoursynth from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/vapoursynth/vapoursynth/releases",children:"here"}),' and select "VapourSynth64-RXX.exe"']}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Open the terminal and type ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"vsrepo.py install lsmas ffms2"})," to install some plugins for Av1an to work."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Download MKVToolNix from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://mkvtoolnix.download/downloads.html#windows",children:"here"}),', select "mkvtoolnix-64bit-XX.X.X-setup.exe", and install ',(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"(Also available on winget!)"})]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Download Av1an from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an/releases",children:"here"}),' (SELECT LATEST AND CLICK THE "ASSETS" DROPDOWN)']}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Download ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"shared libraries"})," FFmpeg from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://www.gyan.dev/ffmpeg/builds",children:"gyan.dev"})]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Download a pre-built fork of Aomenc (",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish/tree/Endless_Merging",children:"aom-av1-lavish"}),") which has neat stuff such as sane defaults, new tunes, optimizations, etc. This can be downloaded for Windows ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/download/-2EiZW1edcT9anApFZ1PJBEber-pJ6z02NiQBjbr28",children:"here"})," ",(0,s.jsx)(n.em,{children:"(Current as of Sept 6, 2023)"})]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["If you opt to compile aomenc yourself, you can view the instructions on how to do that ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/aomenc/#installation",children:"here"}),"."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ol,{start:"8",children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Move Av1an, FFmpeg ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"(Including the FFmpeg DLLs)"}),", and aomenc to somewhere preferable, eg ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"C:\\Encoding"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Add the folder ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"AND MKVTOOLNIX INSTALLATION FOLDER"})," to the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://www.maketecheasier.com/what-is-the-windows-path/",children:"Windows PATH environment"}),"."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"macos",children:"macOS"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.em,{children:"written by gb82 (Gianni Rosato)"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"macOS is very similar to Linux, although there aren't any GUI tools for AV1 encoding that I can comfortably recommend."}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Homebrew + Macports for Av1an + rav1e:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.em,{children:["Note that some commands may have to be run with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"sudo"}),", which I won't explicitly include for security reasons."]})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Installing the Homebrew package manager is a well documented process at this point:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["As is installing MacPorts. Install the relevent ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:".pkg"})," for your macOS version from the MacPorts Project website:\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://www.macports.org/install.php",children:"www.macports.org/install.php"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Now, you can run the following commands:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"brew update && brew upgrade\nbrew install rav1e aom mkvtoolnix ffmpeg\n# Usually you must run MacPorts commands for package installations as root\nport upgrade outdated\nport install av1an\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["This is the easiest way to get everything set up & working to produce AV1 video with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"rav1e"})," or mainline ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aomenc"})," & Av1an. You can check that things are installed by running the following commands & parsing their output:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"% av1an --version\nav1an 0.4.1-unstable (rev e10880d) (Release)\n\n* Compiler\n rustc 1.70.0 (LLVM 16.0)\n\n* Target Triple\n aarch64-apple-darwin\n\n* Date Info\n Commit Date: 2023-06-25\n\n* VapourSynth Plugins\n systems.innocent.lsmas : Not found\n com.vapoursynth.ffms2 : Not found\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'% rav1e --version | grep "release" -C 1 \nrav1e 0.6.6 () (release)\nrustc 1.69.0 (84c898d65 2023-04-16) (built from a source tarball) aarch64-apple-darwin\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'% aomenc --help | grep "AOMedia" -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n av1 - AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder 3.6.1 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Notice ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"systems.innocent.lsmas : Not found"})," in the Av1an output. This means you won't be able to use the lsmash chunking method through vapoursynth & may instead have to rely on hybrid chunking, through ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-m hybrid"}),". This is slower & takes up disk space while encoding, but still works. A sample Av1an command with this basic installation may look like this:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'av1an -i "input" -y --resume --verbose --split-method av-scenechange -m hybrid -c mkvmerge -e rav1e --force -v " --tiles 8 -s 4 --quantizer 80 --no-scene-detection" --photon-noise 7 --chroma-noise --pix-format yuv420p10le -w 8 -o "output.mkv"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Building From Source"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"If you want lsmash support, aom-av1-lavish instead of mainline, or anything else that isn't covered by the more basic installation, you'll have to compile from source. Things are very similar to Linux, with a few oddities:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["macOS sometimes doesn't have a ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"})," by default. You can fix this by doing ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"mkdir /usr/local/bin"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Homebrew installs ",(0,s.jsx)(n.em,{children:"everything"})," in its own directory structure. If you're building things from source that rely on libraries from vapoursynth, zimg, lsmash, etc, make sure to copy them from ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/homebrew/lib"})," to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/lib"}),". Finding them is a matter of ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'ls | grep "keyword"'})," & copying what looks reasonable to be associated with the tool you're using."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.li,{children:"Building most things from source will have instructions for *nix which work for both macOS & Linux. Even if it says Linux, there's a good chance it'll work on macOS as well, & it is always worth trying Linux build instructions on Mac. I won't be going through building every encoding tool & dependency from source, as it is generally much more intuitive than Windows, but building Av1an is worth detailing here just as an example."}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'brew install git rust nasm\ngit clone https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an\ncd Av1an\nRUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" cargo build --release\ncd .. && cd target/release\ncp av1an /usr/local/bin\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"More Difficult: Building aom-av1-lavish from Source"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"If you want to make the most out of your hardware & eke out every last drop of quality, it may be worth building aom-av1-lavish from source. The first step is to clone it from the Endless Merging branch:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now, you need to make some manual changes to the source code until Clybius merges ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish/pull/1/files",children:"this commit"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Add the line ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'#include "aq_variance.h"'})," at line 19 in ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"av1/encoder/encodeframe_utils.c"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Comment out line 2546 in ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"av1/encoder/speed_features.c"}),". This line is ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };"})," & becomes ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"// const int qindex_thresh_cdef_sf_s1_s3_l2[2] = { 92, 48 };"}),"."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now you can continue to build according to the Linux instructions below. Obviously you'll need cmake, which you can install with homebrew along with any other tools you may need. While still in the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aom-av1-lavish"})," directory:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt" -DCMAKE_LD_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\n# This may need to be run as root:\nmake install\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Now you can run ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'aomenc --help | grep "AOMedia" -C 3'})," to see if lavish installed. If you're getting the same output as above, you may need to copy the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aomenc"})," executable to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/local/bin"}),", ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/local/bin"}),", & ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/opt/homebrew/bin"})," if you already installed mainline aomenc. Running the version info command again, the correct output should look something like this:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"% aomenc --help | grep AOMedia -C 3\n\nIncluded encoders:\n\n av1 - AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy v3.6.0 (default)\n\n Use --codec to switch to a non-default encoder.\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Notice how it says ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder Psy"})," instead of ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"AOMedia Project AV1 Encoder"}),". You should be all set after this to start using aom-av1-lavish & following the current parameter meta as outlined below."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h3,{id:"linux",children:"Linux"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"info",children:(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Yet again, try using Arch. It's way easier."})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h4,{id:"the-easy-ways",children:"The Easy Ways"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Install ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/gianni-rosato/aviator",children:"Aviator"})," (",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/SVT-AV1",children:"SVT-AV1"})," + ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/FFmpeg",children:"FFmpeg"}),") or ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://giannirosato.com/blog/post/aviator-1/",children:"rAV1ator"})," basically same thing but ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/av1an.mdx",children:"Av1an"})," + ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/encoders/rav1e",children:"rav1e"}),". Both are only available as ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://beta.flathub.org/apps/net.natesales.Aviator",children:"Flatpaks"}),". Keep in mind Aviator ships with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"SVT-AV1"})," and rAV1ator with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"rav1e"})," instead of aomenc/AOM-AV1, which I will not be covering here."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["Install ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/rav1ator-cli",children:"rav1ator-cli"}),", a TUI for using Av1an meant to be easy to use. Much more flexible than the GUI options & can work with a number of encoders. See ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://wiki.x266.mov/docs/utilities/rav1ator-cli/#installation",children:"this page"})," for more info."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h4,{id:"the-compiling-route",children:"The Compiling Route"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h5,{id:"ubuntu",children:"Ubuntu"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["The guide below is targeted towards 22.04, packages and other things may be different on other versions. First Install Rust via ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"rustup"})," first, as apt version of Rust is severely outdated, then you can continue."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install dependencies:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"sudo apt install wget python unzip unrar build-essential meson autoconf automake libtool git nasm yasm python3-dev python3-pip cython3 libass-dev libqt5websockets5-dev libfftw3-dev libtesseract-dev ffmpeg libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libavutil-dev libswresample-dev libmediainfo-dev mkvtoolnix mediainfo perl nasm yasm git cmake libavutil-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libavdevice-dev libavfilter-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev libpostproc-dev llvm libclang-dev libssl-dev\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install l-smash:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/l-smash/l-smash.git\ncd l-smash\n./configure --enable-shared --extra-cflags="-march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install zimg:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone --recursive https://github.com/sekrit-twc/zimg.git\ncd zimg\n./autogen.sh\n./configure\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install ImageMagick:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"git clone https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick\ncd ImageMagick\n./configure\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install Vapoursynth R63:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'wget https://github.com/vapoursynth/vapoursynth/archive/refs/tags/R63.zip\nunzip R63.zip\ncd vapoursynth-R63\n./autogen.sh\n./configure CFLAGS="-march=native" CXXFLAGS="-march=native" --libdir=/usr/lib\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\nsudo mkdir /usr/lib/vapoursynth\nsudo ldconfig\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["The plugin directory will be located in ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"/usr/lib/vapoursynth"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install L-SMASH-Works Vapoursynth Plugin:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/AkarinVS/L-SMASH-Works -b ffmpeg-4.5\ncd L-SMASH-Works/VapourSynth && mkdir build && cd build\nmeson .. --optimization=3 --default-library=static -Db_lto=true -Dc_args="-march=native" -Dcpp_args="-march=native"\nninja -j$(nproc)\nsudo cp libvslsmashsource.so /usr/lib/vapoursynth/\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{type:"danger",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["L-SMASH-Works doesn't work on ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"aarch64"}),", it is recommended to use other plugins instead."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install FFMS2 Vapoursynth Plugin:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/FFMS/ffms2\ncd ffms2\n./autogen.sh\n./configure CFLAGS="-O3 -march=native" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -march=native"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo cp src/core/.libs/libffms2.so src/core/.libs/libffms2.so.5 src/core/.libs/libffms2.so.5.0.0 /usr/lib/vapoursynth\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install Av1an:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/master-of-zen/Av1an\ncd Av1an\nRUSTFLAGS="-C target-cpu=native" cargo build --release\nsudo cp target/release/av1an /usr/local/bin\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["When there's no errors, proceed to compiling ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"aom-av1-lavish"}),"."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h5,{id:"arch",children:"Arch"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Install dependencies:"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:"sudo pacman -S vapoursynth ffmpeg av1an mkvtoolnix-gui git perl cmake ninja meson nasm vapoursynth-plugin-lsmashsource ffms2\n"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"you're done, proceed."}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h4,{id:"compiling-aom-av1-lavish",children:"Compiling aom-av1-lavish"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'git clone https://github.com/Clybius/aom-av1-lavish -b Endless_Merging\ncd aom-av1-lavish && mkdir -p aom_build && cd aom_build\ncmake .. -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=0 -DENABLE_DOCS=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_BUTTERAUGLI=0 -DCONFIG_TUNE_VMAF=0 -DCONFIG_AV1_DECODER=0 -DENABLE_TESTS=0 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native" -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-flto -O3 -march=native -pipe -fno-plt"\nmake -j$(nproc)\nsudo make install\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"encoding",children:"Encoding"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["The moment you've all been waiting for, let's just get into it. Here's an example ",(0,s.jsx)(n.em,{children:"recommended"})," parameter as of now (09/03/23) [MM/DD/YY]:"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.pre,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{className:"language-bash",children:'av1an -x 300 -i input.mkv -w 4 -e aom -c mkvmerge --resume -m lsmash --photon-noise=10 --set-thread-affinity=2 --verbose -a " -an " -f " -an " -v " --bit-depth=10 --cpu-used=4 --end-usage=q --cq-level=24 --threads=2 --tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0 --lag-in-frames=64 --tune-content=psy --tune=ssim --enable-keyframe-filtering=1 --disable-kf --kf-max-dist=9999 --enable-qm=1 --deltaq-mode=0 --aq-mode=0 --quant-b-adapt=1 --enable-fwd-kf=0 --arnr-strength=1 --sb-size=dynamic --enable-dnl-denoising=0 " -o "output.mkv"\n'})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Parameter Meta",type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["It is strongly recommended to join the ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://discord.gg/vpREHAvYvh",children:"AV1 Discord server"})," to get the latest updates on what to use and which to set, as it's the only easily reachable place for everything AV1 & encoding tips in general."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:"Now let's dissect it one-by-one"}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Av1an parameters:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-i"})," Input."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-x 300"})," Sets scene split length to 300 frames, you can increase it for more quality at the tradeoff of video seekability."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-w 4"}),' Specifies the amount of "workers" or amount of encoders working on the video.']}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--verbose"})," Sets logging to verbose."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--resume"})," Resumes the encode even when you haven't encoded yet. I strongly recommend leaving this if you resume a lot since you can accidentally delete your whole progress (There's no delete confirmation feature.. yet) if you \"resumed\" without the parameter in place."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-e aom"})," Specifies we're using aomenc encoder which should be the default option."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-c mkvmerge"})," Specifies we're using mkvmerge (MKVToolNix) to concatenate the parts when done, you can specify with ffmpeg if you want to but this is the best method."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-m lsmash"})," Specifies we're using l-smash (Vapoursynth plugin) to split the videos, this is also the best method because ffms2 causes video lag (Tested a year ago, might change now) and other methods just suck (Slow and not worth it, learned the hard way). You can attempt to use ffms2 when inputting VC-1 videos as it is not possible with l-smash (Or convert it to lossless with x264 qp 0)."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'-f " -an "'})," ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-f"})," Stands for ffmpeg parameters, ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"-an"})," is to remove all audio since its better to encode and merge it separately. To crop use ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'-f " -an -vf crop=1920:800 "'})," for example to crop the video to 1920x800."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'-v " "'})," Is where you put the encoder's parameters in."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'-a " -an "'})," FFmpeg audio encoding options, we're removing it cause we can always add it later. But if you want to, you can also encode directly. Here's an example for encoding to Opus using libopus assuming stereo: ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:'-a " -c:a libopus -b:a 128k "'}),"."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--photon-noise=10"})," AV1 grain synthesis, which is a technique where the encoder puts fake grain in so it looks more natural and potentially hiding video artifacts (cause grain is hard to encode and explodes bitrate usage because of their randomness), 5-8 for almost none to little grain, 10-14 for medium, 15+ heavy, 20+ extremely heavy, 30+ for extremely grainy 90s live action films."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--set-thread-affinity=2"})," Pins the thread to the encoder, aligns with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--threads=2"})," in the encoder parameter so set them accordingly."]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.p,{children:(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"aomenc parameters:"})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--bit-depth=10"})," We're using 10bit because it makes the video smaller and reduces ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Media/Formats/Video_codecs#contouring",children:"banding"}),"."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--cpu-used=4"})," This is the preset which ranges from 0-9, you can go to 3 if you want more efficiency, 2 if you have a lot of time, 4 is the sweet spot, and 6 if you want speed. Don't go above 6 (Worst efficiency) or even 0 (It would take WEEKS to finish)."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--end-usage=q --cq-level=24"})," This specifies that we are going to use a knockoff version of CRF level similar to x264/x265 encoders, in this case CRF 24."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--threads=2"})," Sets the amount of threads the encoder can use, aligns with ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--set-thread-affinity"})," in Av1an."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tile-columns=0 --tile-rows=0"})," This is the tiles options, where the encoder splits the videos into tiles to encode faster, see the image below (Yellow lines):"]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)("picture",{children:[(0,s.jsx)("source",{srcset:"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/av1-community-contributors/images/main/tiling_av1.avif?token=GHSAT0AAAAAACEZPDXIZARY5MGSTJW4SI22ZHY636A",type:"image/avif"}),(0,s.jsx)("img",{src:"https://autumn.revolt.chat/attachments/HwhZjoDsdzLZsJM2mjzX7lEDmJn1xcYNdrQqmOxPYW/tiling_av1.jpeg",alt:"Tiling",width:"1280",height:"768",loading:"lazy"})]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Tile usage",type:"note",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Do NOT use tiles for 1080p and below, use 1 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-columns"})," at 1440p (2K), 2 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-columns"})," and 1 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tile-rows"})," for 2160p (4K)"]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--lag-in-frames=64"})," Knockoff of x264/x265 ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_pictures",children:"Group of Pictures"})," (GOP), makes the encoder look into future frames for better compression decision making, do not go over 64 as it is pretty much useless."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--aq-mode"})," adaptive quantization mode, 0 is better most of the time"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--tune-content=psy --tune=ssim"})," As the name suggests they are tunes that affect the video output, for the better, and for the worst"]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Tunes to use",type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Set ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tune-content"})," to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"animation"})," if you're encoding above ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"cq-level=30"})," A.K.A lower quality, despite it's name\nSet ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tune-content"})," to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"psy"})," for everything else, ",(0,s.jsxs)(n.strong,{children:["do not use if you encode above ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"cq-level=30"})]}),"\nFor ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"tune"}),", this is a bit tricky. For now, the meta seems to be ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ssim"}),", but back then it was ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"lavish"})," which is considered THE best tune because it's based on ",(0,s.jsx)(n.a,{href:"https://github.com/google/butteraugli",children:"butteraugli"}),". Now it's fallen behind because its more blurry than ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ssim"}),", and before that it was ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"butteraugli"}),", and then ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ipq_vmaf_psy"}),", and finally just ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ipq"}),".\nIf you use any of the VMAF tunes, ",(0,s.jsxs)(n.strong,{children:["you need to specify ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--vmaf-model-path="})," to where you put it"]}),"."]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--enable-keyframe-filtering=1"})," We're setting it to 1 because of compatibility reasons, 2 is more efficient but there are seeking issues and FFmpeg for some reason can't input it."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--sb-size=dynamic"})," Allows the encoder to use 128x128 block partitioning besides 64x64 which gives an efficiency boost, ignore it."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--deltaq-mode"})," set to 0 because its just better."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--arnr-strength=1"})," Controls how strong the filtering will be, 1 is good for 3D Pixar CGI-like and 2D animation, use 4 if you're doing live action content. Using maximum at higher bitrates would just result in a blurry mess."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--disable-kf --enable-fwd-kf=0"})," We're disabling keyframes cause ",(0,s.jsx)(n.strong,{children:"Av1an already did scene detection, so we wont have to."}),". And it speeds things up."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--kf-max-dist=9999"})," Maximum keyframe interval, we're setting it at the highest possible value since av1an's scene detection keyframe interval is already 240 by default"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--enable-chroma-deltaq=1 --enable-qm=1 --quant-b-adapt=1"})," Parameters that give you free efficiency boost."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--enable-dnl-denoising=0"})," Disables the encoder's built-in denoising technique when grain synthesis is enabled, you can optionally set it to 1 when you have a pretty noisy video since it works quite well."]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.admonition,{title:"Concatenation Error on Linux",type:"info",children:(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Run ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"ulimit -n 200000"}),", resume, and it should concatenate just fine. If it still errors, head to the encode directory > encode, and run ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"mkvmerge @../options.json"})]})}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"merging-everything",children:"Merging Everything"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:["Once you're done just encode your audio using ffmpeg (or just passthrough it), subtitles should be carried along with your video output, and merge them in MKVToolNix! Don't want Matroska files? That's fine, you can use FFmpeg or MP4Box to output into ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"mp4"}),", just keep in mind that PGS/SUP/VOBSUB subtitles are not supported and Opus audio support is still experimental."]}),"\n",(0,s.jsx)(n.h2,{id:"tips--tricks",children:"Tips & Tricks"}),"\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.ul,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.li,{children:["\n",(0,s.jsxs)(n.p,{children:[(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"--denoise-noise-level=10"})," Alternative to ",(0,s.jsx)(n.code,{children:"photon-noise"}),", slower than photon-noise and is the OG grain synthesis method, performs okay and just serves as an alternative. 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e=i[t.which||t.keyCode];this._managePreventDefault(e,t),e&&this._shouldTrigger(e,t)&&this.trigger(e+"Keyed",t)},_onInput:function(){this._checkInputValue()},_managePreventDefault:function(t,e){var n,i,s;switch(t){case"tab":i=this.getHint(),s=this.getInputValue(),n=i&&i!==s&&!u(e);break;case"up":case"down":n=!u(e);break;default:n=!1}n&&e.preventDefault()},_shouldTrigger:function(t,e){var n;if("tab"===t)n=!u(e);else n=!0;return n},_checkInputValue:function(){var t,e,n,i,s;t=this.getInputValue(),i=t,s=this.query,n=!(!(e=a.normalizeQuery(i)===a.normalizeQuery(s))||!this.query)&&this.query.length!==t.length,this.query=t,e?n&&this.trigger("whitespaceChanged",this.query):this.trigger("queryChanged",this.query)},focus:function(){this.$input.focus()},blur:function(){this.$input.blur()},getQuery:function(){return this.query},setQuery:function(t){this.query=t},getInputValue:function(){return this.$input.val()},setInputValue:function(t,e){void 0===t&&(t=this.query),this.$input.val(t),e?this.clearHint():this._checkInputValue()},expand:function(){this.$input.attr("aria-expanded","true")},collapse:function(){this.$input.attr("aria-expanded","false")},setActiveDescendant:function(t){this.$input.attr("aria-activedescendant",t)},removeActiveDescendant:function(){this.$input.removeAttr("aria-activedescendant")},resetInputValue:function(){this.setInputValue(this.query,!0)},getHint:function(){return this.$hint.val()},setHint:function(t){this.$hint.val(t)},clearHint:function(){this.setHint("")},clearHintIfInvalid:function(){var t,e,n;n=(t=this.getInputValue())!==(e=this.getHint())&&0===e.indexOf(t),""!==t&&n&&!this.hasOverflow()||this.clearHint()},getLanguageDirection:function(){return(this.$input.css("direction")||"ltr").toLowerCase()},hasOverflow:function(){var t=this.$input.width()-2;return this.$overflowHelper.text(this.getInputValue()),this.$overflowHelper.width()>=t},isCursorAtEnd:function(){var t,e,n;return t=this.$input.val().length,e=this.$input[0].selectionStart,s.isNumber(e)?e===t:!document.selection||((n=document.selection.createRange()).moveStart("character",-t),t===n.text.length)},destroy:function(){this.$hint.off(".aa"),this.$input.off(".aa"),this.$hint=this.$input=this.$overflowHelper=null}}),t.exports=a},6549:(t,e,n)=>{"use strict";var i="aaAttrs",s=n(2856),r=n(4910),o=n(50),a=n(2534),u=n(3354),c=n(3561),l=n(1228);function h(t){var e,n;if((t=t||{}).input||s.error("missing input"),this.isActivated=!1,this.debug=!!t.debug,this.autoselect=!!t.autoselect,this.autoselectOnBlur=!!t.autoselectOnBlur,this.openOnFocus=!!t.openOnFocus,this.minLength=s.isNumber(t.minLength)?t.minLength:1,this.autoWidth=void 0===t.autoWidth||!!t.autoWidth,this.clearOnSelected=!!t.clearOnSelected,this.tabAutocomplete=void 0===t.tabAutocomplete||!!t.tabAutocomplete,t.hint=!!t.hint,t.hint&&t.appendTo)throw new Error("[autocomplete.js] hint and appendTo options can't be used at the same time");this.css=t.css=s.mixin({},l,t.appendTo?l.appendTo:{}),this.cssClasses=t.cssClasses=s.mixin({},l.defaultClasses,t.cssClasses||{}),this.cssClasses.prefix=t.cssClasses.formattedPrefix=s.formatPrefix(this.cssClasses.prefix,this.cssClasses.noPrefix),this.listboxId=t.listboxId=[this.cssClasses.root,"listbox",s.getUniqueId()].join("-");var a=function(t){var e,n,o,a;e=r.element(t.input),n=r.element(c.wrapper.replace("%ROOT%",t.cssClasses.root)).css(t.css.wrapper),t.appendTo||"block"!==e.css("display")||"table"!==e.parent().css("display")||n.css("display","table-cell");var u=c.dropdown.replace("%PREFIX%",t.cssClasses.prefix).replace("%DROPDOWN_MENU%",t.cssClasses.dropdownMenu);o=r.element(u).css(t.css.dropdown).attr({role:"listbox",id:t.listboxId}),t.templates&&t.templates.dropdownMenu&&o.html(s.templatify(t.templates.dropdownMenu)());a=e.clone().css(t.css.hint).css(function(t){return{backgroundAttachment:t.css("background-attachment"),backgroundClip:t.css("background-clip"),backgroundColor:t.css("background-color"),backgroundImage:t.css("background-image"),backgroundOrigin:t.css("background-origin"),backgroundPosition:t.css("background-position"),backgroundRepeat:t.css("background-repeat"),backgroundSize:t.css("background-size")}}(e)),a.val("").addClass(s.className(t.cssClasses.prefix,t.cssClasses.hint,!0)).removeAttr("id name placeholder 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u=this.$input=a.input;e=a.menu,n=a.hint,t.dropdownMenuContainer&&r.element(t.dropdownMenuContainer).css("position","relative").append(e.css("top","0")),u.on("blur.aa",(function(t){var n=document.activeElement;s.isMsie()&&(e[0]===n||e[0].contains(n))&&(t.preventDefault(),t.stopImmediatePropagation(),s.defer((function(){u.focus()})))})),e.on("mousedown.aa",(function(t){t.preventDefault()})),this.eventBus=t.eventBus||new o({el:u}),this.dropdown=new h.Dropdown({appendTo:t.appendTo,wrapper:this.$node,menu:e,datasets:t.datasets,templates:t.templates,cssClasses:t.cssClasses,minLength:this.minLength}).onSync("suggestionClicked",this._onSuggestionClicked,this).onSync("cursorMoved",this._onCursorMoved,this).onSync("cursorRemoved",this._onCursorRemoved,this).onSync("opened",this._onOpened,this).onSync("closed",this._onClosed,this).onSync("shown",this._onShown,this).onSync("empty",this._onEmpty,this).onSync("redrawn",this._onRedrawn,this).onAsync("datasetRendered",this._onDatasetRendered,this),this.input=new h.Input({input:u,hint:n}).onSync("focused",this._onFocused,this).onSync("blurred",this._onBlurred,this).onSync("enterKeyed",this._onEnterKeyed,this).onSync("tabKeyed",this._onTabKeyed,this).onSync("escKeyed",this._onEscKeyed,this).onSync("upKeyed",this._onUpKeyed,this).onSync("downKeyed",this._onDownKeyed,this).onSync("leftKeyed",this._onLeftKeyed,this).onSync("rightKeyed",this._onRightKeyed,this).onSync("queryChanged",this._onQueryChanged,this).onSync("whitespaceChanged",this._onWhitespaceChanged,this),this._bindKeyboardShortcuts(t),this._setLanguageDirection()}s.mixin(h.prototype,{_bindKeyboardShortcuts:function(t){if(t.keyboardShortcuts){var e=this.$input,n=[];s.each(t.keyboardShortcuts,(function(t){"string"==typeof t&&(t=t.toUpperCase().charCodeAt(0)),n.push(t)})),r.element(document).keydown((function(t){var i=t.target||t.srcElement,s=i.tagName;if(!i.isContentEditable&&"INPUT"!==s&&"SELECT"!==s&&"TEXTAREA"!==s){var r=t.which||t.keyCode;-1!==n.indexOf(r)&&(e.focus(),t.stopPropagation(),t.preventDefault())}}))}},_onSuggestionClicked:function(t,e){var n;(n=this.dropdown.getDatumForSuggestion(e))&&this._select(n,{selectionMethod:"click"})},_onCursorMoved:function(t,e){var n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),i=this.dropdown.getCurrentCursor().attr("id");this.input.setActiveDescendant(i),n&&(e&&this.input.setInputValue(n.value,!0),this.eventBus.trigger("cursorchanged",n.raw,n.datasetName))},_onCursorRemoved:function(){this.input.resetInputValue(),this._updateHint(),this.eventBus.trigger("cursorremoved")},_onDatasetRendered:function(){this._updateHint(),this.eventBus.trigger("updated")},_onOpened:function(){this._updateHint(),this.input.expand(),this.eventBus.trigger("opened")},_onEmpty:function(){this.eventBus.trigger("empty")},_onRedrawn:function(){this.$node.css("top","0px"),this.$node.css("left","0px");var t=this.$input[0].getBoundingClientRect();this.autoWidth&&this.$node.css("width",t.width+"px");var e=this.$node[0].getBoundingClientRect(),n=t.bottom-e.top;this.$node.css("top",n+"px");var i=t.left-e.left;this.$node.css("left",i+"px"),this.eventBus.trigger("redrawn")},_onShown:function(){this.eventBus.trigger("shown"),this.autoselect&&this.dropdown.cursorTopSuggestion()},_onClosed:function(){this.input.clearHint(),this.input.removeActiveDescendant(),this.input.collapse(),this.eventBus.trigger("closed")},_onFocused:function(){if(this.isActivated=!0,this.openOnFocus){var t=this.input.getQuery();t.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(t):this.dropdown.empty(),this.dropdown.open()}},_onBlurred:function(){var t,e;t=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),e=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion();var n={selectionMethod:"blur"};this.debug||(this.autoselectOnBlur&&t?this._select(t,n):this.autoselectOnBlur&&e?this._select(e,n):(this.isActivated=!1,this.dropdown.empty(),this.dropdown.close()))},_onEnterKeyed:function(t,e){var n,i;n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor(),i=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion();var s={selectionMethod:"enterKey"};n?(this._select(n,s),e.preventDefault()):this.autoselect&&i&&(this._select(i,s),e.preventDefault())},_onTabKeyed:function(t,e){if(this.tabAutocomplete){var n;(n=this.dropdown.getDatumForCursor())?(this._select(n,{selectionMethod:"tabKey"}),e.preventDefault()):this._autocomplete(!0)}else this.dropdown.close()},_onEscKeyed:function(){this.dropdown.close(),this.input.resetInputValue()},_onUpKeyed:function(){var t=this.input.getQuery();this.dropdown.isEmpty&&t.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(t):this.dropdown.moveCursorUp(),this.dropdown.open()},_onDownKeyed:function(){var t=this.input.getQuery();this.dropdown.isEmpty&&t.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(t):this.dropdown.moveCursorDown(),this.dropdown.open()},_onLeftKeyed:function(){"rtl"===this.dir&&this._autocomplete()},_onRightKeyed:function(){"ltr"===this.dir&&this._autocomplete()},_onQueryChanged:function(t,e){this.input.clearHintIfInvalid(),e.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(e):this.dropdown.empty(),this.dropdown.open(),this._setLanguageDirection()},_onWhitespaceChanged:function(){this._updateHint(),this.dropdown.open()},_setLanguageDirection:function(){var t=this.input.getLanguageDirection();this.dir!==t&&(this.dir=t,this.$node.css("direction",t),this.dropdown.setLanguageDirection(t))},_updateHint:function(){var t,e,n,i,r;(t=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion())&&this.dropdown.isVisible()&&!this.input.hasOverflow()?(e=this.input.getInputValue(),n=a.normalizeQuery(e),i=s.escapeRegExChars(n),(r=new RegExp("^(?:"+i+")(.+$)","i").exec(t.value))?this.input.setHint(e+r[1]):this.input.clearHint()):this.input.clearHint()},_autocomplete:function(t){var e,n,i,s;e=this.input.getHint(),n=this.input.getQuery(),i=t||this.input.isCursorAtEnd(),e&&n!==e&&i&&((s=this.dropdown.getDatumForTopSuggestion())&&this.input.setInputValue(s.value),this.eventBus.trigger("autocompleted",s.raw,s.datasetName))},_select:function(t,e){void 0!==t.value&&this.input.setQuery(t.value),this.clearOnSelected?this.setVal(""):this.input.setInputValue(t.value,!0),this._setLanguageDirection(),!1===this.eventBus.trigger("selected",t.raw,t.datasetName,e).isDefaultPrevented()&&(this.dropdown.close(),s.defer(s.bind(this.dropdown.empty,this.dropdown)))},open:function(){if(!this.isActivated){var t=this.input.getInputValue();t.length>=this.minLength?this.dropdown.update(t):this.dropdown.empty()}this.dropdown.open()},close:function(){this.dropdown.close()},setVal:function(t){t=s.toStr(t),this.isActivated?this.input.setInputValue(t):(this.input.setQuery(t),this.input.setInputValue(t,!0)),this._setLanguageDirection()},getVal:function(){return this.input.getQuery()},destroy:function(){this.input.destroy(),this.dropdown.destroy(),function(t,e){var n=t.find(s.className(e.prefix,e.input));s.each(n.data(i),(function(t,e){void 0===t?n.removeAttr(e):n.attr(e,t)})),n.detach().removeClass(s.className(e.prefix,e.input,!0)).insertAfter(t),n.removeData&&n.removeData(i);t.remove()}(this.$node,this.cssClasses),this.$node=null},getWrapper:function(){return this.dropdown.$container[0]}}),h.Dropdown=u,h.Input=a,h.sources=n(8840),t.exports=h},4910:t=>{"use strict";t.exports={element:null}},6177:t=>{"use strict";t.exports=function(t){var e=t.match(/Algolia for JavaScript 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Disclosure",type:"caution"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The Codec Wiki unequivocally condemns any form of piracy, including the unauthorized distribution of copyrighted content. This blog post is intended to educate & inform. You may not use the tools discussed to infringe upon the intellectual property rights of content creators without serious legal risk. We encourage our readers to respect copyright laws & use the tools we discuss here appropriately.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("img",{alt:"Feature image",src:i(3093).Z,width:"1920",height:"1080"}),"\n",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},'A 567.14 MB, 12 min 11 s, 2K (2,048 x 858), VP9 + Opus, 6.51 Mbps average, Blender short film "Cosmos Laundromat"')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"a-scenario"},"A Scenario"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"While chatting in your favorite Discord servers & group chats, you may see a friend send a weird link. You might even consider it suspicious on first glance. It is a video featuring an image of a movie poster with a play button that is almost begging to be clicked. Naturally, you click it."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It loads for a second, and to your surprise it is a full-length, 90-minute (sometimes even two hour)-long unauthorized copy of a movie. If you don't know exactly what is going on, you probably sit there dumbfounded as a pixel perfect HD movie plays back. You may have expected a stereotypically muddy, blocky, laggy shitpost, but this has defied your expectations."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,(0,a.kt)("img",{alt:"stolen.shoes",src:i(8449).Z,width:"1088",height:"318"})),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The truth is, there are ",(0,a.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"multiple")," site that do this. Currently, there are five at the time of writing. Below is a list the ones I am currently familiar with:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://stolen.shoes"},"https://stolen.shoes")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://discord.nfp.is"},"https://discord.nfp.is")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://embeds.video"},"https://embeds.video")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://x266.mov/discord-embed"},"https://x266.mov/discord-embed")),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://autocompressor.net/av1"},"https://autocompressor.net/av1"))),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The big question is, ",(0,a.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"how do they work?")," Let's get to dissecting."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"how-it-works"},"How it Works"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The entire scheme is actually very simple, as it is all just HTML meta tags (If you are familiar with web development, this is all a walk in the park)."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The technology's inner working can be divided into two distinct parts. First, let's see how it works on the website's end."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"the-websites-end"},"The Website's End"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If you view each website's source, you will find this specific line in each one but they may have a different order:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-html"},'<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/i/someimageforthumbnail.jpg">\n<meta property="og:type" content="video.other">\n<meta property="og:video:url" content="https://example.com/v/video.mp4">\n<meta property="og:video:width" content="1920">\n<meta property="og:video:height" content="1080">\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"These are the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"head")," parts of HTML, which dictate metadata for the document itself such as what the website title/name is, cosmetic embed, defining the site's icon, etc. They are usually found in between the ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"<html>")," and ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"<body>")," tags. Here's an example of a static HTML site serving one specific video:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-html"},'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\n <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="../favicon.ico"/>\n <title>some embed site \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\nHi
\nJust your friendly neighborhood video embed site
\n \n