The forest contains a Lark L
.
With no other information, we can prove that at least one bird in the forest must be egocentric. How?
This one's complicated! Definitely needed to skip to Smullyan's explanation.
From #25, we know that every bird is fond of at least one bird. Suppose that L(L)
is fond of y
.
Therefore, L(L)(y) => y
, but also (from the Lark's definition) L(L)(y) => L(y(y))
. Therefore, L(y(y)) === y
.
Applying each side to y
again, that means that L(y(y))(y) === y(y)
—but also, from the Lark's definition, L(y(y))(y) => y(y)(y(y))
. Since y(y) === y(y)(y(y))
, y(y)
is egocentric!