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<!-- Creator : groff version 1.22.4 -->
<!-- CreationDate: Wed Jan 29 11:27:16 2020 -->
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta name="generator" content="groff -Thtml, see www.gnu.org">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<meta name="Content-Style" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css">
p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; vertical-align: top }
h1 { text-align: center }
</style>
<title>STAT</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">STAT</h1>
<a href="#NAME">NAME</a><br>
<a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a><br>
<a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a><br>
<a href="#RETURN VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a><br>
<a href="#ERRORS">ERRORS</a><br>
<a href="#VERSIONS">VERSIONS</a><br>
<a href="#CONFORMING TO">CONFORMING TO</a><br>
<a href="#NOTES">NOTES</a><br>
<a href="#EXAMPLE">EXAMPLE</a><br>
<a href="#SEE ALSO">SEE ALSO</a><br>
<a href="#COLOPHON">COLOPHON</a><br>
<hr>
<h2>NAME
<a name="NAME"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">stat, fstat,
lstat, fstatat - get file status</p>
<h2>SYNOPSIS
<a name="SYNOPSIS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>#include
<sys/types.h> <br>
#include <sys/stat.h> <br>
#include <unistd.h></b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>int
stat(const char *</b><i>pathname</i><b>, struct stat
*</b><i>statbuf</i><b>); <br>
int fstat(int</b> <i>fd</i><b>, struct stat
*</b><i>statbuf</i><b>); <br>
int lstat(const char *</b><i>pathname</i><b>, struct stat
*</b><i>statbuf</i><b>);</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>#include
<fcntl.h></b> /* Definition of AT_* constants */
<b><br>
#include <sys/stat.h></b></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>int
fstatat(int</b> <i>dirfd</i><b>, const char
*</b><i>pathname</i><b>, struct stat *</b><i>statbuf</i><b>,
<br>
int</b> <i>flags</i><b>);</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:5%; margin-top: 1em">Feature Test
Macro Requirements for glibc (see
<b>feature_test_macros</b>(7)):</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>lstat</b>():</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%;">/* glibc 2.19 and earlier */
_BSD_SOURCE <br>
|| /* Since glibc 2.20 */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE <br>
|| _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 <br>
|| /* Since glibc 2.10: */
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fstatat</b>():</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%;">Since glibc 2.10:</p>
<p style="margin-left:23%;">_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%;">Before glibc 2.10:</p>
<p style="margin-left:23%;">_ATFILE_SOURCE</p>
<h2>DESCRIPTION
<a name="DESCRIPTION"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">These functions
return information about a file, in the buffer pointed to by
<i>statbuf</i>. No permissions are required on the file
itself, but—in the case of <b>stat</b>(),
<b>fstatat</b>(), and <b>lstat</b>()—execute (search)
permission is required on all of the directories in
<i>pathname</i> that lead to the file.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>stat</b>()
and <b>fstatat</b>() retrieve information about the file
pointed to by <i>pathname</i>; the differences for
<b>fstatat</b>() are described below.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>lstat</b>()
is identical to <b>stat</b>(), except that if
<i>pathname</i> is a symbolic link, then it returns
information about the link itself, not the file that it
refers to.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fstat</b>()
is identical to <b>stat</b>(), except that the file about
which information is to be retrieved is specified by the
file descriptor <i>fd</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>The stat
structure</b> <br>
All of these system calls return a <i>stat</i> structure,
which contains the following fields:</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">struct stat {
<br>
dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */ <br>
ino_t st_ino; /* Inode number */ <br>
mode_t st_mode; /* File type and mode */ <br>
nlink_t st_nlink; /* Number of hard links */ <br>
uid_t st_uid; /* User ID of owner */ <br>
gid_t st_gid; /* Group ID of owner */ <br>
dev_t st_rdev; /* Device ID (if special file) */ <br>
off_t st_size; /* Total size, in bytes */ <br>
blksize_t st_blksize; /* Block size for filesystem I/O */
<br>
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* Number of 512B blocks allocated
*/</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">/* Since Linux
2.6, the kernel supports nanosecond <br>
precision for the following timestamp fields. <br>
For the details before Linux 2.6, see NOTES. */</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">struct timespec
st_atim; /* Time of last access */ <br>
struct timespec st_mtim; /* Time of last modification */
<br>
struct timespec st_ctim; /* Time of last status change
*/</p>
<p style="margin-left:17%; margin-top: 1em">#define
st_atime st_atim.tv_sec /* Backward compatibility */ <br>
#define st_mtime st_mtim.tv_sec <br>
#define st_ctime st_ctim.tv_sec <br>
};</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Note</i>:
the order of fields in the <i>stat</i> structure varies
somewhat across architectures. In addition, the definition
above does not show the padding bytes that may be present
between some fields on various architectures. Consult the
glibc and kernel source code if you need to know the
details.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>Note</i>:
for performance and simplicity reasons, different fields in
the <i>stat</i> structure may contain state information from
different moments during the execution of the system call.
For example, if <i>st_mode</i> or <i>st_uid</i> is changed
by another process by calling <b>chmod</b>(2) or
<b>chown</b>(2), <b>stat</b>() might return the old
<i>st_mode</i> together with the new <i>st_uid</i>, or the
old <i>st_uid</i> together with the new <i>st_mode</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The fields in
the <i>stat</i> structure are as follows:</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>st_dev</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>This field describes the device on which this file
resides. (The <b>major</b>(3) and <b>minor</b>(3) macros may
be useful to decompose the device ID in this field.)</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>st_ino</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>This field contains the file’s inode number.</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_mode</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field contains the file
type and mode. See <b>inode</b>(7) for further
information.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_nlink</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field contains the number
of hard links to the file.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>st_uid</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>This field contains the user ID of the owner of the
file.</p> </td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>st_gid</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>This field contains the ID of the group owner of the
file.</p> </td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_rdev</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field describes the device
that this file (inode) represents.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_size</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field gives the size of
the file (if it is a regular file or a symbolic link) in
bytes. The size of a symbolic link is the length of the
pathname it contains, without a terminating null byte.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_blksize</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field gives the
"preferred" block size for efficient filesystem
I/O.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_blocks</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This field indicates the number
of blocks allocated to the file, in 512-byte units. (This
may be smaller than <i>st_size</i>/512 when the file has
holes.)</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_atime</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This is the file’s last
access timestamp.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_mtime</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This is the file’s last
modification timestamp.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><i>st_ctime</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">This is the file’s last
status change timestamp.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">For further
information on the above fields, see <b>inode</b>(7).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fstatat()</b>
<br>
The <b>fstatat</b>() system call is a more general interface
for accessing file information which can still provide
exactly the behavior of each of <b>stat</b>(),
<b>lstat</b>(), and <b>fstat</b>().</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If the pathname
given in <i>pathname</i> is relative, then it is interpreted
relative to the directory referred to by the file descriptor
<i>dirfd</i> (rather than relative to the current working
directory of the calling process, as is done by
<b>stat</b>() and <b>lstat</b>() for a relative
pathname).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If
<i>pathname</i> is relative and <i>dirfd</i> is the special
value <b>AT_FDCWD</b>, then <i>pathname</i> is interpreted
relative to the current working directory of the calling
process (like <b>stat</b>() and <b>lstat</b>()).</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">If
<i>pathname</i> is absolute, then <i>dirfd</i> is
ignored.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><i>flags</i>
can either be 0, or include one or more of the following
flags ORed: <b><br>
AT_EMPTY_PATH</b> (since Linux 2.6.39)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">If <i>pathname</i> is an empty
string, operate on the file referred to by <i>dirfd</i>
(which may have been obtained using the <b>open</b>(2)
<b>O_PATH</b> flag). In this case, <i>dirfd</i> can refer to
any type of file, not just a directory, and the behavior of
<b>fstatat</b>() is similar to that of <b>fstat</b>(). If
<i>dirfd</i> is <b>AT_FDCWD</b>, the call operates on the
current working directory. This flag is Linux-specific;
define <b>_GNU_SOURCE</b> to obtain its definition.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT</b> (since
Linux 2.6.38)</p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">Don’t automount the
terminal ("basename") component of <i>pathname</i>
if it is a directory that is an automount point. This allows
the caller to gather attributes of an automount point
(rather than the location it would mount). Since Linux 4.14,
also don’t instantiate a nonexistent name in an
on-demand directory such as used for automounter indirect
maps. This flag can be used in tools that scan directories
to prevent mass-automounting of a directory of automount
points. The <b>AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT</b> flag has no effect if the
mount point has already been mounted over. This flag is
Linux-specific; define <b>_GNU_SOURCE</b> to obtain its
definition. Both <b>stat</b>() and <b>lstat</b>() act as
though <b>AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT</b> was set.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">If <i>pathname</i> is a
symbolic link, do not dereference it: instead return
information about the link itself, like <b>lstat</b>(). (By
default, <b>fstatat</b>() dereferences symbolic links, like
<b>stat</b>().)</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">See
<b>openat</b>(2) for an explanation of the need for
<b>fstatat</b>().</p>
<h2>RETURN VALUE
<a name="RETURN VALUE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On success,
zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and <i>errno</i>
is set appropriately.</p>
<h2>ERRORS
<a name="ERRORS"></a>
</h2>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em"><b>EACCES</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p style="margin-top: 1em">Search permission is denied for
one of the directories in the path prefix of
<i>pathname</i>. (See also <b>path_resolution</b>(7).)</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EBADF</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>fd</i> is not a valid open file descriptor.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EFAULT</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Bad address.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ELOOP</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Too many symbolic links encountered while traversing the
path.</p> </td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>ENAMETOOLONG</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;"><i>pathname</i> is too
long.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENOENT</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>A component of <i>pathname</i> does not exist or is a
dangling symbolic link.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENOENT</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p><i>pathname</i> is an empty string and
<b>AT_EMPTY_PATH</b> was not specified in <i>flags</i>.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>ENOMEM</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Out of memory (i.e., kernel memory).</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>ENOTDIR</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">A component of the path prefix
of <i>pathname</i> is not a directory.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>EOVERFLOW</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;"><i>pathname</i> or <i>fd</i>
refers to a file whose size, inode number, or number of
blocks cannot be represented in, respectively, the types
<i>off_t</i>, <i>ino_t</i>, or <i>blkcnt_t</i>. This error
can occur when, for example, an application compiled on a
32-bit platform without <i>-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64</i> calls
<b>stat</b>() on a file whose size exceeds
<i>(1<<31)-1</i> bytes.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
additional errors can occur for <b>fstatat</b>():</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EBADF</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="56%">
<p><i>dirfd</i> is not a valid file descriptor.</p></td>
<td width="22%">
</td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><b>EINVAL</b></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="56%">
<p>Invalid flag specified in <i>flags</i>.</p></td>
<td width="22%">
</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%;"><b>ENOTDIR</b></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;"><i>pathname</i> is relative and
<i>dirfd</i> is a file descriptor referring to a file other
than a directory.</p>
<h2>VERSIONS
<a name="VERSIONS"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fstatat</b>()
was added to Linux in kernel 2.6.16; library support was
added to glibc in version 2.4.</p>
<h2>CONFORMING TO
<a name="CONFORMING TO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>stat</b>(),
<b>fstat</b>(), <b>lstat</b>(): SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001,
POSIX.1.2008.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>fstatat</b>():
POSIX.1-2008.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">According to
POSIX.1-2001, <b>lstat</b>() on a symbolic link need return
valid information only in the <i>st_size</i> field and the
file type of the <i>st_mode</i> field of the <i>stat</i>
structure. POSIX.1-2008 tightens the specification,
requiring <b>lstat</b>() to return valid information in all
fields except the mode bits in <i>st_mode</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Use of the
<i>st_blocks</i> and <i>st_blksize</i> fields may be less
portable. (They were introduced in BSD. The interpretation
differs between systems, and possibly on a single system
when NFS mounts are involved.)</p>
<h2>NOTES
<a name="NOTES"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>Timestamp
fields</b> <br>
Older kernels and older standards did not support nanosecond
timestamp fields. Instead, there were three timestamp
fields—<i>st_atime</i>, <i>st_mtime</i>, and
<i>st_ctime</i>—typed as <i>time_t</i> that recorded
timestamps with one-second precision.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">Since kernel
2.5.48, the <i>stat</i> structure supports nanosecond
resolution for the three file timestamp fields. The
nanosecond components of each timestamp are available via
names of the form <i>st_atim.tv_nsec</i>, if suitable
feature test macros are defined. Nanosecond timestamps were
standardized in POSIX.1-2008, and, starting with version
2.12, glibc exposes the nanosecond component names if
<b>_POSIX_C_SOURCE</b> is defined with the value 200809L or
greater, or <b>_XOPEN_SOURCE</b> is defined with the value
700 or greater. Up to and including glibc 2.19, the
definitions of the nanoseconds components are also defined
if <b>_BSD_SOURCE</b> or <b>_SVID_SOURCE</b> is defined. If
none of the aforementioned macros are defined, then the
nanosecond values are exposed with names of the form
<i>st_atimensec</i>.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>C
library/kernel differences</b> <br>
Over time, increases in the size of the <i>stat</i>
structure have led to three successive versions of
<b>stat</b>(): <i>sys_stat</i>() (slot <i>__NR_oldstat</i>),
<i>sys_newstat</i>() (slot <i>__NR_stat</i>), and
<i>sys_stat64()</i> (slot <i>__NR_stat64</i>) on 32-bit
platforms such as i386. The first two versions were already
present in Linux 1.0 (albeit with different names); the last
was added in Linux 2.4. Similar remarks apply for
<b>fstat</b>() and <b>lstat</b>().</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The
kernel-internal versions of the <i>stat</i> structure dealt
with by the different versions are, respectively: <i><br>
__old_kernel_stat</i></p>
<p style="margin-left:22%;">The original structure, with
rather narrow fields, and no padding.</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>stat</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Larger <i>st_ino</i> field and padding added to various
parts of the structure to allow for future expansion.</p></td></tr>
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="11%"></td>
<td width="9%">
<p><i>stat64</i></p></td>
<td width="2%"></td>
<td width="78%">
<p>Even larger <i>st_ino</i> field, larger <i>st_uid</i>
and <i>st_gid</i> fields to accommodate the Linux-2.4
expansion of UIDs and GIDs to 32 bits, and various other
enlarged fields and further padding in the structure.
(Various padding bytes were eventually consumed in Linux
2.6, with the advent of 32-bit device IDs and nanosecond
components for the timestamp fields.)</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The glibc
<b>stat</b>() wrapper function hides these details from
applications, invoking the most recent version of the system
call provided by the kernel, and repacking the returned
information if required for old binaries.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">On modern
64-bit systems, life is simpler: there is a single
<b>stat</b>() system call and the kernel deals with a
<i>stat</i> structure that contains fields of a sufficient
size.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The underlying
system call employed by the glibc <b>fstatat</b>() wrapper
function is actually called <b>fstatat64</b>() or, on some
architectures, <b>newfstatat</b>().</p>
<h2>EXAMPLE
<a name="EXAMPLE"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">The following
program calls <b>lstat</b>() and displays selected fields in
the returned <i>stat</i> structure.</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">#include
<sys/types.h> <br>
#include <sys/stat.h> <br>
#include <time.h> <br>
#include <stdio.h> <br>
#include <stdlib.h> <br>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h></p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">int <br>
main(int argc, char *argv[]) <br>
{ <br>
struct stat sb;</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if (argc != 2)
{ <br>
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\n",
argv[0]); <br>
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">if
(lstat(argv[1], &sb) == -1) { <br>
perror("lstat"); <br>
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("ID
of containing device: [%lx,%lx]\n",</p>
<table width="100%" border="0" rules="none" frame="void"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr valign="top" align="left">
<td width="8%"></td>
<td width="92%">
<p>(long) major(sb.st_dev), (long) minor(sb.st_dev));</p></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("File
type: ");</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">switch
(sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) { <br>
case S_IFBLK: printf("block device\n"); break;
<br>
case S_IFCHR: printf("character device\n"); break;
<br>
case S_IFDIR: printf("directory\n"); break; <br>
case S_IFIFO: printf("FIFO/pipe\n"); break; <br>
case S_IFLNK: printf("symlink\n"); break; <br>
case S_IFREG: printf("regular file\n"); break;
<br>
case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\n"); break; <br>
default: printf("unknown?\n"); break; <br>
}</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("I-node
number: %ld\n", (long) sb.st_ino);</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("Mode:
%lo (octal)\n", <br>
(unsigned long) sb.st_mode);</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("Link
count: %ld\n", (long) sb.st_nlink); <br>
printf("Ownership: UID=%ld GID=%ld\n", <br>
(long) sb.st_uid, (long) sb.st_gid);</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("Preferred
I/O block size: %ld bytes\n", <br>
(long) sb.st_blksize); <br>
printf("File size: %lld bytes\n", <br>
(long long) sb.st_size); <br>
printf("Blocks allocated: %lld\n", <br>
(long long) sb.st_blocks);</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">printf("Last
status change: %s", ctime(&sb.st_ctime)); <br>
printf("Last file access: %s",
ctime(&sb.st_atime)); <br>
printf("Last file modification: %s",
ctime(&sb.st_mtime));</p>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
<br>
}</p>
<h2>SEE ALSO
<a name="SEE ALSO"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em"><b>ls</b>(1),
<b>stat</b>(1), <b>access</b>(2), <b>chmod</b>(2),
<b>chown</b>(2), <b>readlink</b>(2), <b>statx</b>(2),
<b>utime</b>(2), <b>capabilities</b>(7), <b>inode</b>(7),
<b>symlink</b>(7)</p>
<h2>COLOPHON
<a name="COLOPHON"></a>
</h2>
<p style="margin-left:11%; margin-top: 1em">This page is
part of release 5.02 of the Linux <i>man-pages</i> project.
A description of the project, information about reporting
bugs, and the latest version of this page, can be found at
https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.</p>
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