学习Laravel 记录 #18

lovecn · 2015-03-28T06:52:19Z

1.增加辅助函数
Within your app/Http directory, create a helpers.php file and add your functions.
Within composer.json, in the autoload block, add "files": ["app/Http/helpers.php"].

"autoload": {
    "classmap": [
        ...
    ],
    "psr-4": {
        "App\\": "app/"
    },
    "files": [
        "app/helpers.php" // <---- ADD THIS
    ]
},

Run composer dump-autoload 调用的时候用全局命名空间 \help();
或者在bootstarp/autoload.php增加require DIR.'/../app/libraries/function/helper.php';
创建文件app\Providers\HelperServiceProvider.php

public function register()
    {
        foreach (glob(app_path().'/libraries/function/*.php') as $filename){
            require_once($filename);
        }
    }

app.php文件数组添加'App\Providers\HelperServiceProvider',
直接$obj = new \App\libraries\Myclass;;$obj ->my();
新建立文件app\Services\Sms.php ,app.php文件aliases数组添加'Sms' => 'App\Services\Sms',
使用use Sms; $sms = new Sms;$sms ->send('发短信');
2.$url = action('Admin\BlogController@create');
3.登录用户信息数组 Auth::user()->toArray();
4.laravel debug https://github.com/barryvdh/laravel-debugbar
5.api接口中去除csrf 在App\Http\Kernel将全局中间件$middleware数组里的'App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken'移到$routeMiddleware数组里，让它成为一个可选项 protected $namespace = 'App\Http\Controllers';
6.update方法会自动去掉不可填充的属性，也就是说只会更新你数据库里面有的且在model里面可填充的字段
7.$data = Input::all();
注意：这里获取到的数据包含 GET 和 POST 提交的所有数据，并且 GET 的优先级更高。就是同名的get覆盖post
8.如果要启用日志use DB;DB::connection()->enableQueryLog(); $queries = DB::getQueryLog();
9.获取uri片段 $segment = $request->segment(4);
10.为Laravel的artisan指令增加bash脚本

#!/bin/bash

if [ -f "./artisan" ]; then
        php artisan "$@"
else

        if [ "$1" == "create" ]; then

                if [ ! `which git` ]; then
                    echo "For this installer to work you'll need to install Git."
                    echo '        http://gitref.org/'
                fi

                git clone --recursive git://github.com/laravel/laravel.git "./$2"
                cd "$2"; chmod -R 0777 storage/

        else
                echo 'This is not a valid laravel installation so artisan is a bit lost.'
                echo '        http://laravel.com/docs/install#installation'

        fi
fi

保存为/usr/bin/artisan 并执行 chmod +x /usr/bin/artisan 赋予执行权限
然后，你就可以进入你的项目文件夹，只需输入bash命令 "artisan create myapp"，就会自动从github上clone一份最新的Laravel框架，并会自动设置storage文件夹的权限。之后，你可以直接输入“ artisan xxxx xxx”的指令了，而不用输入'php artisan xxxx xxxx'
11.URL生成
Route::get('articles',['uses'=>'ArticlesController@index','as'=>'articles.index']);
链接
URL::route('articles.index')
URL::action('ArticlesController@index')
Route::controller('users','UsersController');
通过 Route::controller() 最终结果类似于：

Route::get('users',['uses'=>'UsersController@getIndex']);
Route::get('users/edit',['uses'=>'UsersController@getEdit']);
Route::post('users/edit',['uses'=>'UsersController@postEdit']);
如果字段很多，但仅有几个需要批量赋值保护，可以设置 guarded 属性。

如果要彻底关闭批量赋值保护，使用 Model::unguard() 就好了（强烈不推荐！！！）

class Question extends Model {

    //定义可以批量赋值的黑名单,定义白名单是protected $fillable
    protected $guarded = ['id', 'created_at', 'updated_at'];

  public function belongsToDiffiuclty()
  {
    return $this->belongsTo('Difficulty', 'difficulty_id', 'id');
  }

  public function scopeDifficultyEasy($query) {
      return $query->where('difficulty_id', 1);
  }

  public function scopeDifficultyNormal($query) {
      return $query->where('difficulty_id', 2);
  }

  public function scopeDifficultyHard($query) {
      return $query->where('difficulty_id', 3);
  }

}
public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request,[
//          'title'=>'required|unique:questions|max:255',
            'title'=>'required|max:255',
            'body'=>'required',
        ]);
        $question = new Question;
        $question->title          = Input::get('title');
        $question->body           = Input::get('body');
        $question->difficulty_id  = Input::get('difficulty');
        $question->major_id       = Input::get('major');
        $question->user_id        = 1;//Auth::user()->id;
        if($question->save()){
            return Redirect::to('questions');
        }else{
            return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('保存失败!');
        }
    }

Call to undefined method Redis::connection()
如果你用 PECL 安装了 Redis PHP extension，则需要重命名 config/app.php 里的 Redis 别名。
在php.ini中将extension = ''redis.so'注释掉，于是就解决了
其实就是关键字重复了，laravel使用的是predis，php extension 使用的都是phpredis，两个库的redis对象关键字都是Redis，只需改变laravel中的Redis关键字即可
'Redis' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis'
改为
'RedisFacade' => 'Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis' use RedisFacade; $redis=RedisFacade::connection(); $redis->set('laravel','golaravel'); echo $redis->get('laravel');
验证唯一：
'email' => ['required','email','unique:members,email,1'],

注意最后的 1 ，这个是members表的id字段，这里就是id＝1的记录不作验证，等于 "where email='EMAIL' and id != 1"
csrf_token();产生：通过 Illuminate\Session\Store 类的 getToken 方法获取随机产生长度为40的字符串，而这40个字符是由 Illuminate\Support\Str 类的 random 方法产生
Illuminate\Contracts 目录下为接口定义
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Registrar;
public function __construct(Guard $auth, Registrar $registrar)
{
$this->auth = $auth;
$this->registrar = $registrar;

$this->middleware('guest', ['except' => 'getLogout']);

}
Laravel会自动在容器中搜索实现了接口Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Registrar的类或对象，有的话就取出来作为实际参数传到构造函数里
实现了接口Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard的类在\Illuminate\Auth\Guard.php

控制器（controller）就像是一个老板，只会指挥别人，自己从来不干活。当然接活儿（http请求）是他的事。所以尽量不要把业务逻辑写在controller里，controller里就写指挥的命令

在隐式路由中，如果你的方法名有多个单词组成，在路由中会自动用“-”链接起来function getadminprofile(){}
在路由中就会转换成 users/admin-profile
service provider 里面的注册方法register()先运行，boot()后运行，register() 就是注册Ioc容器的地方，只能写注册相关的内容
验证汉化，修改resources\lang\en\validation.php
'custom' => [
'id' => [
'required' => '学号不能为空',
"digits" => "学号必须是 10 位数字",
"unique" => "该同学已经存在",
],

// AND
$results = SomeModel::where('location', $location)->where('blood_group', $bloodGroup)->get();

// OR
$results = SomeModel::where('location', $location)->orWhere('blood_group', $bloodGroup)->get();

// SomeModel class
public function scopeSearchLocation($query, $location)
{
if ($location) $query->where('location', $location);
}

public function scopeSearchBloodGroup($query, $bloodGroup)
{
if ($location) $query->where('location', $bloodGroup);
}

// then
SomeModel::searchBloodGroup($bloodGroup)->searchLocation($location)->get();

composer config -g -e 修改源
{
"config": {},
"repositories": [
{"type": "composer", "url": "http://comproxy.cn/repo/packagist"},
{"packagist": false}
]
}

LARAVEL ROUTE 重定向的一个小坑
Route::group(array('prefix'=>'admin','before'=>'adminauth'),function(){
// 管理员登录
Route::get('/',function(){
return Redirect::to('admin/login');
});
Route::get('login','UserController@adminLogin');
}
public目录下正好有个admin目录
解决方案：

1.不要把public目录下已有的目录名做为路由地址 https://sosonemo.me/laravel-route-pitfall.html
route:cache
如果路由配置有直接写回调：如
Route::get('setting/flush',function(){
return 'sss';
});
是不能用缓存的！

变量引用
BASE_DIR=/var/webroot/project-root
CACHE_DIR=$BASE_DIR/cache
LOG_DIR=$BASE_DIR/logs.
指定必须定义的变量
Dotenv::required(['DB_HOST', 'DB_NAME', 'DB_USERNAME', 'DB_PASSWORD']);

@yield 是不可扩展的，如果你要定义的部分没有默认内容让子模板扩展的，那么用 @yield($name, $default) 的形式会比较方便

@section 则既可以被替代，又可以被扩展

{{-- layout.master --}}
@yield('title','默认标题')

@section('content')
默认的内容
@show

{{-- home.index --}}
@extends('layout.master')

@section('title')
@parent
新的标题
@Stop

@section('content')
@parent
扩展的内容
@Stop
由于 @yield 不能被扩展，所以即使加上了 @parent 也不起作用，输出的内容只有“新的标题”，替换了“默认的标题”。
// 函数的签名：
public function controller($uri, $controller, $names = array())

// 不命名一般使用：
Route::controller('admin', 'AdminController');

// 需要对其中的部分方法命名的话：
Route::controller('admin', 'AdminController', array(
'getIndex' => 'admin.index',
'getLogin' => 'admin.login',
'postLogin' => 'admin.login'
));

http://www.maatwebsite.nl/laravel-excel/docs/import 使用这个库读取文件的时候，如果要读取第一行，而且为汉字，需要设置config/excel.php 'to_ascii' => false,
Excel::load('file.xls', function($reader) {

// $reader->noHeading();
    var_dump($reader->toArray());//第一行的内容为数组的key
        // echo $reader->getTitle();
    // var_dump($reader->take(10));
    $reader->each(function($sheet) {
    // var_dump($sheet);
        // Loop through all rows
        $sheet->each(function($row) {
            // var_dump($row);
        })
    });
}, 'utf-8');

创建数据库时 int 类型设置默认值的问题：int类型被自动加上自增跟主键属性，$table->tinyInteger('sort',3);
public function tinyInteger($column, $autoIncrement = false, $unsigned = false)
$table->tinyInteger('level',1);把长度设置去掉就好了，变成$table->tinyInteger('level');

php artisan serve 访问localhost:8000
修改route.php
DB::listen(function($sql, $bindings, $time)
{
file_put_contents('php://stderr', "[SQL] {$sql} in {$time} s\n" .
" bindinds: ".json_encode($bindings)."\n");
});

命令行就可以看到SQL语句

或者修改config/database.php 增加'log'=>true
然后修改route.php
if (Config::get('database.log', false))
{
Event::listen('illuminate.query', function($query, $bindings, $time, $name)
{
$data = compact('bindings', 'time', 'name');

    // Format binding data for sql insertion
    foreach ($bindings as $i => $binding)
    {
        if ($binding instanceof \DateTime)
        {
            $bindings[$i] = $binding->format('\'Y-m-d H:i:s\'');
        }
        else if (is_string($binding))
        {
            $bindings[$i] = "'$binding'";
        }
    }

    // Insert bindings into query
    $query = str_replace(array('%', '?'), array('%%', '%s'), $query);
    $query = vsprintf($query, $bindings);

    Log::info($query, $data);
});

}
SQL日志就记录在 app/storage/log

DB::table('users')->toSql() would return: select * from users

Event::listen('illuminate.query', function($query, $params, $time, $conn)
{
dd(array($query, $params, $time, $conn));
});

DB::table('users')->get();
This will print out something like:

array(4) {
[0]=>
string(21) "select * from "users""
[1]=>
array(0) {
}
[2]=>
string(4) "0.94"
[3]=>
string(6) "sqlite"
}

多数据库查询编辑config/database.php

Our secondary database connection

'mysql2' => array(

    'driver'    => 'mysql',

    'host'      => 'host2',

    'database'  => 'database2',

    'username'  => 'user2',

    'password'  => 'pass2'

    'charset'   => 'utf8',

    'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',

    'prefix'    => '',

),

在查询的时候，指明你前面声明的连接名称
$users = DB::connection('mysql2')->select(...);
在eloquent的model里面指明你要使用的连接

class SomeModel extends Eloquent {

protected $connection = 'mysql2';

//事务
DB::beginTransaction();
DB::rollback();
DB::commit();

事务
DB::transaction(function()
{
DB::table('users')->update(array('votes' => 1));
DB::table('posts')->delete();
});
$value = Request::header('Content-Type'); //获取请求头里的Content-Type信息
$url = Request::url();//获取请求URL
$value = Request::server('PATH_INFO');//获取 $_SERVER 数组里指定的值

print_r(\DB::getQueryLog());//修改Illuminate\Database\Connection的$loggingQueries = true

在指定路由关闭CSRF

修改app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php

openRoutes as $route){ if ($request->is($route)){ return $next($request); } return parent::handle($request, $next); } ``` } } $cookie = Cookie::make('name', 'value', 60); $response = Response::make('Hello World'); return $response->withCookie($cookie); or $cookie = Cookie::make('name', 'value', 60); $view = View::make('categories.list'); return Response::make($view)->withCookie($cookie); or $cookie = Cookie::make('name', 'value', 60); return Redirect::route('home')->withCookie($cookie); Cookie::queue('cookieName', 'cookieValue', $lifeTimeInMinutes); return Redirect::route('home')->withCookie($cookie); $cookie_values = array( 'name' => Input::get('name'), 'id' => Auth::user()->id, 'login_success' => 1); ``` if(Request::ajax()) { $cookie = Cookie::make('blog', $cookie_values, 1000); $response = Response::json($cookie_values); $response->headers->setCookie($cookie); return $response; } ``` Use echo get_class(Facade::getFacadeRoot()); to determine which class it is. Working example: echo get_class(Cookie::getFacadeRoot());.Illuminate\Cookie\CookieJar // \Cookie::queue('test', null , -1); // 销毁 config/app.php 'Excel' => 'Maatwebsite\Excel\Facades\Excel' 'Maatwebsite\Excel\ExcelServiceProvider', Maatwebsite\Excel\Facades\Excel.php: protected static function getFacadeAccessor() { return 'excel'; } Maatwebsite\Excel\ExcelServiceProvider.php public function register() { $this->app[excel] = $this->app->share(function ($app) { return new excel;//同一个命名空间的类excel.php }); } $orders = Order::with('customer')->get()->paginate(5); //Remove the get() when you use paginate() $orders = Order::with('customer')->paginate(15); Laravel 依赖注入原理 https://phphub.org/topics/843 在 Laravel 中是可以不必指定 App\Http\Controllers： $app->get('/test', array( 'uses' => 'TestController@getIndex', )); 因为在 Laravel 中，默认控制器的根命名空间为 App\Http\Controllers。这个也可以设置：URL::setRootControllerNamespace('App\Http\Controllers'); class_alias('Illuminate\Support\Facades\App', 'App'); redis做缓存修改我们的配置文件 chche.php 'default' => 'redis' redis的一些配置在database.php php artisan make:controller PagesController --plain 这次生成的controller中将不包含任何方法。 blade模版的{{ $var }}是会转义html语义的，把about()方法中$name变量修改为：$name = 'Specs';，刷新浏览器，发现浏览器直接输出的是I'm Specs，查看源代码发现原来$name变量中的字符已经被转义成了HTML实体如果不需要转义HTML的话，可以使用 {!! $var !!}，修改视图文件为：

I'm {!! $name !!}

App facade 或者辅助方法 app() 取得应用程序实例： $environment = app()->environment(); $environment = App::environment(); Laravel 命令行工具 php artisan tinker >>> $name = 'Specs'; => "Specs" > > > $article = new App\Article; > > > => {} > > > $article->title = 'My first article'; > > > => "My first article" > > > $article->body = 'Lorem ipsum'; > > > => "Lorem ipsum" > > > $article->published_at = Carbon\Carbon::now(); > > > => { > > > date: "2015-05-14 13:26:16", > > > timezone_type: 3, > > > timezone: "UTC" > > > } > > > $article->toArray(); > > > => [ > > > "title" => "My first article", > > > "body" => "Lorem ipsum", > > > "published_at" => { > > > date: "2015-05-14 13:26:16", > > > timezone_type: 3, > > > timezone: "UTC" > > > } > > > ] > > > # 保存到数据库 > > > > > > $article->save(); > > > => true $article = Article::find($id); ``` // 找不到文章，抛出404 if(is_null($article)){ abort(404); } ``` 同 $article = Article::findOrFail($id); {{--{{ $article->title }}--}} {{ $article->title }} //方法一 $articles = Article::latest('published_at')->get(); //方法二 //$articles = Article::orderBy('published_at', 'desc')->get(); 修改模型文件 app/Article.php public function scopePublished($query){ $query->where('published_at', '<=', Carbon::now()); } $articles = Article::latest('published_at')->published()->get(); $article = Article::findOrFail($id); // 返回当前日期加8天 dd($article->created_at->addDays(8)); // 对日期进行格式化 dd($article->created_at->addDays(8)->format('Y-m')); // 返回距离当前的时间，如： "3 day from now"， "1 week from now" dd($article->created_at->addDays(18)->diffForHumans()); protected $dates = ['published_at'];定义 published_at 也当作 Carbon 类型 public function store(Request $request){ $this->validate($request, ['title' => 'required|min:3', 'body' =>'required', 'published_at' => 'required|date']); Article::create($request->all()); 访问 http://laravel.dev/articles/create ，页面不跳转，而如果访问 http://laravel.dev/articles/create?foo=bar ，可以看到页面会自动跳转到 http://laravel.dev/articles public function handle($request, Closure $next) { if($request->is('articles/create') && $request->has('foo')){ return redirect('articles'); } $user->articles->toArray(); // 返回的是一个 collection //注意使用 $user->articles 与 $user->articles() 的区别 > > > $user->articles()->get()->toArray(); > > > $user->articles() 可以添加查询条件，而$user->articles 则不能这么使用 > > > $user->articles()->where('title', 'New Article')->get()->toArray(); > > > 只在测试环境使用的插件 > > > "require-dev": { > > > "phpunit/phpunit": "4.7.3", > > > "filp/whoops": "1.1.6", > > > "phpspec/phpspec": "2.2.1" > > > }, > > > 当laravel的session driver设置为file, 这些session files都是以json形式存放在app/storage/sessions里面. 关键是,如何找到对应的session文件? 这个文件名是以加密形式存储在cookie的laravel_session里 $encrypter = new Illuminate\Encryption\Encrypter($key); $session_filename = $encrypter->decrypt($_COOKIE['laravel_session']); 在post模板中: public function user(){ return $this->belongsTo('User',$a,$b);$a默认为函数名_id(user_id)$b默认当前类主键 return $this->hasone('User',$a,$b);$a默认当前类名_id(post_id) $b默认当前类主键 } 然后在post-detail.blade.php中可以这样使用:$post->user .. @foreach($posts as $post) {{$post->user->username}} @Endforeach php -S 有一个致命问题就是路由中的 'home' 必须写成 '/home' 才能工作 server.php 其实是给php内置的服务器用的当使用 php -S localhost:9999 开启内置服务器的时候就会使用server.php 做了部分url兼容的工作创建表的 migration //create_users_table.php Schema::table('users', function ($table) { $table->string('name', 255); }); 重命名或者修改列，新建一个 migration,在 up 中执行修改，在 down 中修改回去。 //update_users_table.php public function up() { Schema::table('users', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->string('name', 50)->change(); }); } public function down() { Schema::table('users', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->string('name', 255)->change(); }); } 使用多数据库在查询的时候，指明声明的连接名称 $users = DB::connection('mysql_center')->select(...); User::on('mysql_center')->where('username',$username) protected $connection = 'mysql_center'; return Response::json($user->toArray()); Sends Content-Type:application/json to the browser return $user->toJson(); Sends Content-Type:text/html It is automagically returned as JSON and the Content-Type is set correctly: return $model; https://github.com/followtheart/Laravel-5-Starter https://github.com/yccphp/laravel-5-blog PHP 中最好的时间处理的轮子了：https://github.com/briannesbitt/Carbon 文档：http://carbon.nesbot.com/docs/#api-humandiff 设计模式整理（PHP 代码演示） https://github.com/xujiajun/pattern-guidance 获取插入数据id $t = new Table //Table would be the name of your model / table $t->fieldName = $data['fieldData']; $t->save(); return $t->id; $lastInsertedID = DB::table('table')->insert( $data )->lastInsertId(); $id = DB::table('table')->insertGetId( $data ); php5.6取消了 [$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA](http://andreas.heigl.org/2014/04/26/new-and-cool-features-in-php5-6/) 这个超全局变量见 php.ini中 always_populate_raw_post_data $GLOBALS['HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA'] = file_get_contents('php://input'); [图片处理](http://laravel.io/forum/04-05-2014-cant-write-image-data-to-path) public function postCreate() { $validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), Product::$rules); ``` if ($validator->passes()) { $product = new Product; $product->category_id = Input::get('category_id'); $product->title = Input::get('title'); $product->description = Input::get('description'); $product->price = Input::get('price'); $image = Input::file('image'); $filename = time() . '.' . $image->getClientOriginalExtension(); Image::make($image->getRealPath())->resize(468, 249)->save(public_path('img/products/' . $filename);); $product->image = 'img/products/'.$filename; $product->save(); return Redirect::to('admin/products/index') ->with('message', 'Product Created'); } return Redirect::to('admin/products/index') ->with('message', 'Something went wrong') ->withErrors($validator) ->withInput(); } ```

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