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zkSync project architecture

This document covers the structure of this repository.

High-Level Overview

zkSync repository consists of several applications:

  • zkSync smart contract: a Solidity smart contract deployed on the Ethereum blockchain, which manages users' balances and verifies the correctness of operations performed within zkSync network.

  • Prover application: a worker application that creates a proof for an executed block. Prover applications poll Server application for available jobs, and once there is a new block, server provides a witness (input data to generate a proof), and prover starts working. Once proof is generated, it is reported to the Server application, and Server publishes the proof to the smart contract. Prover application is considered an on-demand worker, thus it is OK to have many provers (if server load is high) or no provers at all (if there are no incoming transactions). Generating a proof is a very resource consuming work, thus machines that run a prover application must have a modern CPU and a lot of RAM.

  • Server application: a node running the zkSync network. It is capable of following things:

    • Monitoring the smart contract for the onchain operations (such as deposits).
    • Accepting transactions.
    • Generating zkSync chain blocks.
    • Requesting proofs for executed blocks.
    • Publishing data to the smart contract.

    Server application exists in two available forms:

    • Monolithic application, which provides all the required functionality from one binary. This form is convenient for the development needs. Corresponding crate is core/bin/server.
    • Microservices applications, which are capable of working independently from each other:
      • Core service (core/bin/zksync_core) maintains transactions memory pool and commits new blocks.
      • API service (core/bin/zksync_api) provides a server "front-end": REST API & JSON RPC HTTP/WS implementations.
      • Ethereum Sender service (core/bin/zksync_eth_sender) finalizes the blocks by sending corresponding Ethereum transactions to the L1 smart contract.
      • Witness Generator service (core/bin/zksync_witness_generator) creates input data required for provers to prove blocks, and implements a private API server for provers to interact with.

  • Explorer: zkSync network explorer. A web application that receives data from the Server API and renders it to the convenient blockchain explorer interface.

Thus, in order to get a local zkSync setup running, the following has to be done:

  • zkSync smart contract is compiled and deployed to the Ethereum.
  • zkSync server is launched.
  • At least one prover is launched and connected to the Server application.

Low-Level Overview

This section provides an overview on folders / sub-projects that exist in this repository.

  • /bin: Infrastructure scripts which help to work with zkSync applications.
  • /contracts: Everything related to zkSync smart-contract.
    • /contracts: Smart contracts code
    • /scripts && /src.ts: TypeScript scripts for smart contracts management.
  • /core: Code of the sub-projects that implement zkSync network.
    • /bin: Applications mandatory for zkSync network to operate.
      • /server: zkSync server application.
      • /prover: zkSync prover application.
      • /data_restore: Utility to restore a state of the zkSync network from a smart contract.
      • /key_generator: Utility to generate verification keys for network.
      • /parse_pub_data: Utility to parse zkSync operation pubdata.
      • /zksync_core: zkSync server Core microservice.
      • /zksync_api: zkSync server API microservice.
      • /zksync_eth_sender: zkSync server Ethereum sender microservice.
      • /zksync_witness_generator: zkSync server Witness Generator & Prover Server microservice.
    • /lib: Dependencies of the binaries above.
      • /basic_types: Crate with declaration of the essential zkSync primitives, such as address.
      • /circuit: Cryptographic environment enforsing the correctness of executed transactions in the zkSync network.
      • /config: Utilities to load configuration options of zkSync applications.
      • /contracts: Loaders for zkSync contracts interfaces and ABI.
      • /crypto: Cryptographical primitives using among zkSync crates.
      • /eth_client: Module providing an interface to interact with an Ethereum node.
      • /zksync_prometheus_exporter: Prometheus data exporter.
      • /prover_utils: Utilities related to the proof generation.
      • /state: A fast pre-circuit executor for zkSync transactions used on the Server level to generate blocks.
      • /storage: An encapsulated database interface.
      • /types: zkSync network operations, transactions and common types.
      • /utils: Miscellaneous helpers for zkSync crates.
      • /vlog: An utility library for verbose logging.
    • /tests: Testing infrastructure for zkSync network.
      • /loadtest: An application for highload testing of zkSync server.
      • /test_account: A representation of zkSync account which can be used for tests.
      • /testkit: A relatively low-level testing library and test suite for zkSync.
      • /ts-test: Integration tests set implemented in TypeScript. Requires a running Server and Prover applications to operate.
  • /docker: Dockerfiles used for development of zkSync and for packaging zkSync for a production environment.
  • /etc: Configration files.
    • /env: .env files that contain environment variables for different configuration of zkSync Server / Prover.
    • /js: Configuration files for JavaScript applications (such as Explorer).
    • /tesseracts: Configuration for tesseracts minimalistic blockchain explorer (used for development).
    • /tokens: Configuration of supported Ethereum ERC-20 tokens.
  • /infrastructure: Application that aren't naturally a part of zkSync core, but are related to it.
    • /analytics: Script that analyzes the costs of zkSync network maintaining.
    • /explorer: A blockchain explorer for zkSync network.
    • /fee-seller: Script to sell the collected fees.
    • /zcli: A command-line interface and development wallet for zkSync network.
  • /keys: Verification keys for circuit module.
  • /sdk: Implementation of client libraries for zkSync network in different programming languages.
    • /zksync-crypto: zkSync network cryptographic primitives, which can be compiled to WASM.
    • /zksync.js: A JavaScript / TypeScript client library for zkSync.
    • /zksync-rs: Rust client library for zkSync.