mfrc522.h

/**
 * MFRC522.h - Library to use ARDUINO RFID MODULE KIT 13.56 MHZ WITH TAGS SPI W AND R BY COOQROBOT.
 * Based on code Dr.Leong   ( WWW.B2CQSHOP.COM )
 * Created by Miguel Balboa (circuitito.com), Jan, 2012.
 * Rewritten by Søren Thing Andersen (access.thing.dk), fall of 2013 (Translation to English, refactored, comments, anti collision, cascade levels.)
 * Released into the public domain.
 * 
 * Please read this file for an overview and then MFRC522.cpp for comments on the specific functions.
 * Search for "mf-rc522" on ebay.com to purchase the MF-RC522 board. 
 * 
 * There are three hardware components involved:
 * 1) The micro controller: An Arduino
 * 2) The PCD (short for Proximity Coupling Device): NXP MFRC522 Contactless Reader IC
 * 3) The PICC (short for Proximity Integrated Circuit Card): A card or tag using the ISO 14443A interface, eg Mifare or NTAG203.
 * 
 * The microcontroller and card reader uses SPI for communication.
 * The protocol is described in the MFRC522 datasheet: http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MFRC522.pdf
 * 
 * The card reader and the tags communicate using a 13.56MHz electromagnetic field.
 * The protocol is defined in ISO/IEC 14443-3 Identification cards -- Contactless integrated circuit cards -- Proximity cards -- Part 3: Initialization and anticollision".
 * A free version of the final draft can be found at http://wg8.de/wg8n1496_17n3613_Ballot_FCD14443-3.pdf
 * Details are found in chapter 6, Type A – Initialization and anticollision.
 * 
 * If only the PICC UID is wanted, the above documents has all the needed information.
 * To read and write from MIFARE PICCs, the MIFARE protocol is used after the PICC has been selected.
 * The MIFARE Classic chips and protocol is described in the datasheets:
 *		1K:   http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF1S503x.pdf
 * 		4K:   http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF1S703x.pdf
 * 		Mini: http://www.idcardmarket.com/download/mifare_S20_datasheet.pdf
 * The MIFARE Ultralight chip and protocol is described in the datasheets:
 *		Ultralight:   http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF0ICU1.pdf
 * 		Ultralight C: http://www.nxp.com/documents/short_data_sheet/MF0ICU2_SDS.pdf
 * 
 * MIFARE Classic 1K (MF1S503x):
 * 		Has 16 sectors * 4 blocks/sector * 16 bytes/block = 1024 bytes.
 * 		The blocks are numbered 0-63.
 * 		Block 3 in each sector is the Sector Trailer. See http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF1S503x.pdf sections 8.6 and 8.7:
 * 				Bytes 0-5:   Key A
 * 				Bytes 6-8:   Access Bits
 * 				Bytes 9:     User data
 * 				Bytes 10-15: Key B (or user data)
 * 		Block 0 is read only manufacturer data.
 * 		To access a block, an authentication using a key from the block's sector must be performed first.
 * 		Example: To read from block 10, first authenticate using a key from sector 3 (blocks 8-11).
 * 		All keys are set to FFFFFFFFFFFFh at chip delivery.
 * 		Warning: Please read section 8.7 "Memory Access". It includes this text: if the PICC detects a format violation the whole sector is irreversibly blocked.
 *		To use a block in "value block" mode (for Increment/Decrement operations) you need to change the sector trailer. Use PICC_SetAccessBits() to calculate the bit patterns.
 * MIFARE Classic 4K (MF1S703x):
 * 		Has (32 sectors * 4 blocks/sector + 8 sectors * 16 blocks/sector) * 16 bytes/block = 4096 bytes.
 * 		The blocks are numbered 0-255.
 * 		The last block in each sector is the Sector Trailer like above.
 * MIFARE Classic Mini (MF1 IC S20):
 * 		Has 5 sectors * 4 blocks/sector * 16 bytes/block = 320 bytes.
 * 		The blocks are numbered 0-19.
 * 		The last block in each sector is the Sector Trailer like above.
 * 
 * MIFARE Ultralight (MF0ICU1):
 * 		Has 16 pages of 4 bytes = 64 bytes.
 * 		Pages 0 + 1 is used for the 7-byte UID.
 * 		Page 2 contains the last chech digit for the UID, one byte manufacturer internal data, and the lock bytes (see http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF0ICU1.pdf section 8.5.2)
 * 		Page 3 is OTP, One Time Programmable bits. Once set to 1 they cannot revert to 0.
 * 		Pages 4-15 are read/write unless blocked by the lock bytes in page 2. 
 * MIFARE Ultralight C (MF0ICU2):
 * 		Has 48 pages of 4 bytes = 64 bytes.
 * 		Pages 0 + 1 is used for the 7-byte UID.
 * 		Page 2 contains the last chech digit for the UID, one byte manufacturer internal data, and the lock bytes (see http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF0ICU1.pdf section 8.5.2)
 * 		Page 3 is OTP, One Time Programmable bits. Once set to 1 they cannot revert to 0.
 * 		Pages 4-39 are read/write unless blocked by the lock bytes in page 2. 
 * 		Page 40 Lock bytes
 * 		Page 41 16 bit one way counter
 * 		Pages 42-43 Authentication configuration
 * 		Pages 44-47 Authentication key 
 */
#ifndef MFRC522_h
#define MFRC522_h

#include <Arduino.h>
#include <SPI.h>

class MFRC522 {
public:
	// MFRC522 registers. Described in chapter 9 of the datasheet.
	// When using SPI all addresses are shifted one bit left in the "SPI address byte" (section 8.1.2.3)
	enum PCD_Register {
		// Page 0: Command and status
		//						  0x00			// reserved for future use
		CommandReg				= 0x01 << 1,	// starts and stops command execution
		ComIEnReg				= 0x02 << 1,	// enable and disable interrupt request control bits
		DivIEnReg				= 0x03 << 1,	// enable and disable interrupt request control bits
		ComIrqReg				= 0x04 << 1,	// interrupt request bits
		DivIrqReg				= 0x05 << 1,	// interrupt request bits
		ErrorReg				= 0x06 << 1,	// error bits showing the error status of the last command executed 
		Status1Reg				= 0x07 << 1,	// communication status bits
		Status2Reg				= 0x08 << 1,	// receiver and transmitter status bits
		FIFODataReg				= 0x09 << 1,	// input and output of 64 byte FIFO buffer
		FIFOLevelReg			= 0x0A << 1,	// number of bytes stored in the FIFO buffer
		WaterLevelReg			= 0x0B << 1,	// level for FIFO underflow and overflow warning
		ControlReg				= 0x0C << 1,	// miscellaneous control registers
		BitFramingReg			= 0x0D << 1,	// adjustments for bit-oriented frames
		CollReg					= 0x0E << 1,	// bit position of the first bit-collision detected on the RF interface
		//						  0x0F			// reserved for future use
		
		// Page 1: Command
		// 						  0x10			// reserved for future use
		ModeReg					= 0x11 << 1,	// defines general modes for transmitting and receiving 
		TxModeReg				= 0x12 << 1,	// defines transmission data rate and framing
		RxModeReg				= 0x13 << 1,	// defines reception data rate and framing
		TxControlReg			= 0x14 << 1,	// controls the logical behavior of the antenna driver pins TX1 and TX2
		TxASKReg				= 0x15 << 1,	// controls the setting of the transmission modulation
		TxSelReg				= 0x16 << 1,	// selects the internal sources for the antenna driver
		RxSelReg				= 0x17 << 1,	// selects internal receiver settings
		RxThresholdReg			= 0x18 << 1,	// selects thresholds for the bit decoder
		DemodReg				= 0x19 << 1,	// defines demodulator settings
		// 						  0x1A			// reserved for future use
		// 						  0x1B			// reserved for future use
		MfTxReg					= 0x1C << 1,	// controls some MIFARE communication transmit parameters
		MfRxReg					= 0x1D << 1,	// controls some MIFARE communication receive parameters
		// 						  0x1E			// reserved for future use
		SerialSpeedReg			= 0x1F << 1,	// selects the speed of the serial UART interface
		
		// Page 2: Configuration
		// 						  0x20			// reserved for future use
		CRCResultRegH			= 0x21 << 1,	// shows the MSB and LSB values of the CRC calculation
		CRCResultRegL			= 0x22 << 1,
		// 						  0x23			// reserved for future use
		ModWidthReg				= 0x24 << 1,	// controls the ModWidth setting?
		// 						  0x25			// reserved for future use
		RFCfgReg				= 0x26 << 1,	// configures the receiver gain
		GsNReg					= 0x27 << 1,	// selects the conductance of the antenna driver pins TX1 and TX2 for modulation 
		CWGsPReg				= 0x28 << 1,	// defines the conductance of the p-driver output during periods of no modulation
		ModGsPReg				= 0x29 << 1,	// defines the conductance of the p-driver output during periods of modulation
		TModeReg				= 0x2A << 1,	// defines settings for the internal timer
		TPrescalerReg			= 0x2B << 1,	// the lower 8 bits of the TPrescaler value. The 4 high bits are in TModeReg.
		TReloadRegH				= 0x2C << 1,	// defines the 16-bit timer reload value
		TReloadRegL				= 0x2D << 1,
		TCounterValueRegH		= 0x2E << 1,	// shows the 16-bit timer value
		TCounterValueRegL		= 0x2F << 1,
		
		// Page 3: Test Registers
		// 						  0x30			// reserved for future use
		TestSel1Reg				= 0x31 << 1,	// general test signal configuration
		TestSel2Reg				= 0x32 << 1,	// general test signal configuration
		TestPinEnReg			= 0x33 << 1,	// enables pin output driver on pins D1 to D7
		TestPinValueReg			= 0x34 << 1,	// defines the values for D1 to D7 when it is used as an I/O bus
		TestBusReg				= 0x35 << 1,	// shows the status of the internal test bus
		AutoTestReg				= 0x36 << 1,	// controls the digital self test
		VersionReg				= 0x37 << 1,	// shows the software version
		AnalogTestReg			= 0x38 << 1,	// controls the pins AUX1 and AUX2
		TestDAC1Reg				= 0x39 << 1,	// defines the test value for TestDAC1
		TestDAC2Reg				= 0x3A << 1,	// defines the test value for TestDAC2
		TestADCReg				= 0x3B << 1		// shows the value of ADC I and Q channels
		// 						  0x3C			// reserved for production tests
		// 						  0x3D			// reserved for production tests
		// 						  0x3E			// reserved for production tests
		// 						  0x3F			// reserved for production tests
	};
	
	// MFRC522 commands. Described in chapter 10 of the datasheet.
	enum PCD_Command {
		PCD_Idle				= 0x00,		// no action, cancels current command execution
		PCD_Mem					= 0x01,		// stores 25 bytes into the internal buffer
		PCD_GenerateRandomID	= 0x02,		// generates a 10-byte random ID number
		PCD_CalcCRC				= 0x03,		// activates the CRC coprocessor or performs a self test
		PCD_Transmit			= 0x04,		// transmits data from the FIFO buffer
		PCD_NoCmdChange			= 0x07,		// no command change, can be used to modify the CommandReg register bits without affecting the command, for example, the PowerDown bit
		PCD_Receive				= 0x08,		// activates the receiver circuits
		PCD_Transceive 			= 0x0C,		// transmits data from FIFO buffer to antenna and automatically activates the receiver after transmission
		PCD_MFAuthent 			= 0x0E,		// performs the MIFARE standard authentication as a reader
		PCD_SoftReset			= 0x0F		// resets the MFRC522
	};
	
	// MFRC522 RxGain[2:0] masks, defines the receiver's signal voltage gain factor (on the PCD).
	// Described in 9.3.3.6 / table 98 of the datasheet at http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MFRC522.pdf
	enum PCD_RxGain {
		RxGain_18dB				= 0x00 << 4,	// 000b - 18 dB, minimum
		RxGain_23dB				= 0x01 << 4,	// 001b - 23 dB
		RxGain_18dB_2			= 0x02 << 4,	// 010b - 18 dB, it seems 010b is a duplicate for 000b
		RxGain_23dB_2			= 0x03 << 4,	// 011b - 23 dB, it seems 011b is a duplicate for 001b
		RxGain_33dB				= 0x04 << 4,	// 100b - 33 dB, average, and typical default
		RxGain_38dB				= 0x05 << 4,	// 101b - 38 dB
		RxGain_43dB				= 0x06 << 4,	// 110b - 43 dB
		RxGain_48dB				= 0x07 << 4,	// 111b - 48 dB, maximum
		RxGain_min				= 0x00 << 4,	// 000b - 18 dB, minimum, convenience for RxGain_18dB
		RxGain_avg				= 0x04 << 4,	// 100b - 33 dB, average, convenience for RxGain_33dB
		RxGain_max				= 0x07 << 4		// 111b - 48 dB, maximum, convenience for RxGain_48dB
	};
	
	// Commands sent to the PICC.
	enum PICC_Command {
		// The commands used by the PCD to manage communication with several PICCs (ISO 14443-3, Type A, section 6.4)
		PICC_CMD_REQA			= 0x26,		// REQuest command, Type A. Invites PICCs in state IDLE to go to READY and prepare for anticollision or selection. 7 bit frame.
		PICC_CMD_WUPA			= 0x52,		// Wake-UP command, Type A. Invites PICCs in state IDLE and HALT to go to READY(*) and prepare for anticollision or selection. 7 bit frame.
		PICC_CMD_CT				= 0x88,		// Cascade Tag. Not really a command, but used during anti collision.
		PICC_CMD_SEL_CL1		= 0x93,		// Anti collision/Select, Cascade Level 1
		PICC_CMD_SEL_CL2		= 0x95,		// Anti collision/Select, Cascade Level 1
		PICC_CMD_SEL_CL3		= 0x97,		// Anti collision/Select, Cascade Level 1
		PICC_CMD_HLTA			= 0x50,		// HaLT command, Type A. Instructs an ACTIVE PICC to go to state HALT.
		// The commands used for MIFARE Classic (from http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF1S503x.pdf, Section 9)
		// Use PCD_MFAuthent to authenticate access to a sector, then use these commands to read/write/modify the blocks on the sector.
		// The read/write commands can also be used for MIFARE Ultralight.
		PICC_CMD_MF_AUTH_KEY_A	= 0x60,		// Perform authentication with Key A
		PICC_CMD_MF_AUTH_KEY_B	= 0x61,		// Perform authentication with Key B
		PICC_CMD_MF_READ		= 0x30,		// Reads one 16 byte block from the authenticated sector of the PICC. Also used for MIFARE Ultralight.
		PICC_CMD_MF_WRITE		= 0xA0,		// Writes one 16 byte block to the authenticated sector of the PICC. Called "COMPATIBILITY WRITE" for MIFARE Ultralight.
		PICC_CMD_MF_DECREMENT	= 0xC0,		// Decrements the contents of a block and stores the result in the internal data register.
		PICC_CMD_MF_INCREMENT	= 0xC1,		// Increments the contents of a block and stores the result in the internal data register.
		PICC_CMD_MF_RESTORE		= 0xC2,		// Reads the contents of a block into the internal data register.
		PICC_CMD_MF_TRANSFER	= 0xB0,		// Writes the contents of the internal data register to a block.
		// The commands used for MIFARE Ultralight (from http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/MF0ICU1.pdf, Section 8.6)
		// The PICC_CMD_MF_READ and PICC_CMD_MF_WRITE can also be used for MIFARE Ultralight.
		PICC_CMD_UL_WRITE		= 0xA2		// Writes one 4 byte page to the PICC.
	};
	
	// MIFARE constants that does not fit anywhere else
	enum MIFARE_Misc {
		MF_ACK					= 0xA,		// The MIFARE Classic uses a 4 bit ACK/NAK. Any other value than 0xA is NAK.
		MF_KEY_SIZE				= 6			// A Mifare Crypto1 key is 6 bytes.
	};

	// PICC types we can detect. Remember to update PICC_GetTypeName() if you add more.
	enum PICC_Type {
		PICC_TYPE_UNKNOWN		= 0,
		PICC_TYPE_ISO_14443_4	= 1,	// PICC compliant with ISO/IEC 14443-4 
		PICC_TYPE_ISO_18092		= 2, 	// PICC compliant with ISO/IEC 18092 (NFC)
		PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_MINI	= 3,	// MIFARE Classic protocol, 320 bytes
		PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_1K		= 4,	// MIFARE Classic protocol, 1KB
		PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_4K		= 5,	// MIFARE Classic protocol, 4KB
		PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_UL		= 6,	// MIFARE Ultralight or Ultralight C
		PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_PLUS	= 7,	// MIFARE Plus
		PICC_TYPE_TNP3XXX		= 8,	// Only mentioned in NXP AN 10833 MIFARE Type Identification Procedure
		PICC_TYPE_NOT_COMPLETE	= 255	// SAK indicates UID is not complete.
	};
	
	// Return codes from the functions in this class. Remember to update GetStatusCodeName() if you add more.
	enum StatusCode {
		STATUS_OK				= 1,	// Success
		STATUS_ERROR			= 2,	// Error in communication
		STATUS_COLLISION		= 3,	// Collission detected
		STATUS_TIMEOUT			= 4,	// Timeout in communication.
		STATUS_NO_ROOM			= 5,	// A buffer is not big enough.
		STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR	= 6,	// Internal error in the code. Should not happen ;-)
		STATUS_INVALID			= 7,	// Invalid argument.
		STATUS_CRC_WRONG		= 8,	// The CRC_A does not match
		STATUS_MIFARE_NACK		= 9		// A MIFARE PICC responded with NAK.
	};
	
	// A struct used for passing the UID of a PICC.
	typedef struct {
		byte		size;			// Number of bytes in the UID. 4, 7 or 10.
		byte		uidByte[10];
		byte		sak;			// The SAK (Select acknowledge) byte returned from the PICC after successful selection.
	} Uid;
	
	// A struct used for passing a MIFARE Crypto1 key
	typedef struct {
		byte		keyByte[MF_KEY_SIZE];
	} MIFARE_Key;
	
	// Member variables
	Uid uid;								// Used by PICC_ReadCardSerial().
	
	// Size of the MFRC522 FIFO
	static const byte FIFO_SIZE = 64;		// The FIFO is 64 bytes.
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Functions for setting up the Arduino
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	MFRC522(byte chipSelectPin, byte resetPowerDownPin);
	void setSPIConfig();
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Basic interface functions for communicating with the MFRC522
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	void PCD_WriteRegister(byte reg, byte value);
	void PCD_WriteRegister(byte reg, byte count, byte *values);
	byte PCD_ReadRegister(byte reg);
	void PCD_ReadRegister(byte reg, byte count, byte *values, byte rxAlign = 0);
	void setBitMask(unsigned char reg, unsigned char mask);
	void PCD_SetRegisterBitMask(byte reg, byte mask);
	void PCD_ClearRegisterBitMask(byte reg, byte mask);
	byte PCD_CalculateCRC(byte *data, byte length, byte *result);

	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Functions for manipulating the MFRC522
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	void PCD_Init();
	void PCD_Reset();
	void PCD_AntennaOn();
	void PCD_AntennaOff();
	byte PCD_GetAntennaGain();
	void PCD_SetAntennaGain(byte mask);
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Functions for communicating with PICCs
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	byte PCD_TransceiveData(byte *sendData, byte sendLen, byte *backData, byte *backLen, byte *validBits = NULL, byte rxAlign = 0, bool checkCRC = false);
	byte PCD_CommunicateWithPICC(byte command, byte waitIRq, byte *sendData, byte sendLen, byte *backData = NULL, byte *backLen = NULL, byte *validBits = NULL, byte rxAlign = 0, bool checkCRC = false);

	byte PICC_RequestA(byte *bufferATQA, byte *bufferSize);
	byte PICC_WakeupA(byte *bufferATQA, byte *bufferSize);
	byte PICC_REQA_or_WUPA(byte command, byte *bufferATQA, byte *bufferSize);	
	byte PICC_Select(Uid *uid, byte validBits = 0);
	byte PICC_HaltA();
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Functions for communicating with MIFARE PICCs
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	byte PCD_Authenticate(byte command, byte blockAddr, MIFARE_Key *key, Uid *uid);
	void PCD_StopCrypto1();
	byte MIFARE_Read(byte blockAddr, byte *buffer, byte *bufferSize);
	byte MIFARE_Write(byte blockAddr, byte *buffer, byte bufferSize);
 	byte MIFARE_Decrement(byte blockAddr, long delta);
	byte MIFARE_Increment(byte blockAddr, long delta);
 	byte MIFARE_Restore(byte blockAddr);
 	byte MIFARE_Transfer(byte blockAddr);
	byte MIFARE_Ultralight_Write(byte page, byte *buffer, byte bufferSize);
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Support functions
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	byte PCD_MIFARE_Transceive(	byte *sendData, byte sendLen, bool acceptTimeout = false);
	const char *GetStatusCodeName(byte code);
	byte PICC_GetType(byte sak);
	const char *PICC_GetTypeName(byte type);
	void PICC_DumpToSerial(Uid *uid);
	void PICC_DumpMifareClassicToSerial(Uid *uid, byte piccType, MIFARE_Key *key);
	void PICC_DumpMifareClassicSectorToSerial(Uid *uid, MIFARE_Key *key, byte sector);
	void PICC_DumpMifareUltralightToSerial();
	void MIFARE_SetAccessBits(byte *accessBitBuffer, byte g0, byte g1, byte g2, byte g3);
	
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	// Convenience functions - does not add extra functionality
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	bool PICC_IsNewCardPresent();
	bool PICC_ReadCardSerial();	

private:
	byte _chipSelectPin;		// Arduino pin connected to MFRC522's SPI slave select input (Pin 24, NSS, active low)
	byte _resetPowerDownPin;	// Arduino pin connected to MFRC522's reset and power down input (Pin 6, NRSTPD, active low)
	byte MIFARE_TwoStepHelper(byte command, byte blockAddr, long data);
};

#endif