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Rancher server monitoring with TIG Stack

Server monitoring is as important as the content of your server. It allows you to have all the necessary information about its resources in a single view and informs you if they are going to run out before an unpleasant phone call from your boss.

In this article, I will show you how to set up monitoring of your Rancher infrastructure using the TIG Stack (Telegraf, InfluxDB and Grafana). If you think that you do not have time for server monitoring, you are wrong. In less then 15 minutes we will have a working dashboard with disk space, memory usage, network traffic, and Docker container metrics and even a simple alert for high memory usage.

This tutorial assumes that you have basic knowledge of Docker and Rancher.

What we need:

  • Telegraf - for collecting, processing, aggregating and writing metrics
  • InfluxDB - for storing data
  • Grafana - for visualization of metrics and creating alerts

Let's begin by creating a new stack on Rancher

  1. Create a docker-compose.yml file:
version: '2'
volumes:
  influxdb:
    driver: local
  grafana:
    driver: local

services:
  influxdb:
    image: influxdb
    volumes:
      - /home/docker/monitoring/influxdb/data:/var/lib/influxdb
      - /home/docker/monitoring/influxdb/config/:/etc/influxdb/
    ports:
      # The API for InfluxDB is served on port 8086
      - "8086:8086"
      - "8082:8082"
      # UDP Port
      - "8089:8089"

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana #4.4.2
    environment:
      - GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=grafana-clock-panel,grafana-worldmap-panel,grafana-piechart-panel
      - GF_SMTP_ENABLED=true
      - GF_SMTP_HOST=<SMTP_HOST_ADDRESS:SMTP_PORT>
      - GF_SMTP_USER=<SMTP_USERNAME>
      - GF_SMTP_PASSWORD=<SMTP_SMTP_PASSWORD>
      - GF_SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS=<SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS>
      - GF_SMTP_FROM_NAME=<SMTP_FROM_NAME>
    links:
      - influxdb:influxdb
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    volumes:
      - /home/docker/monitoring/grafana/data:/var/lib/grafana

All the necessary volumes are defined on top of docker-compose.yml. We stick to the convention that all volumes should be stored inside the /home/docker/ directory so change them if you have a different convention. If you do not have SMTP configured, remove all GF_SMTP_* environment variables from grafana container.

  1. Add new stack in Rancher and upload the docker-compose.yml file

Grafana

Your Grafana container probably has some errors. View logs from the container, you will most likely find an issue with permissions, to solve it do the following:

  1. Enter the Grafana container and make a directory grafana/data
  2. Change the owner of this directory
chown 472:472 -R data
  1. Restart the grafana container

We will come back to Grafana later on.

InfluxDB

  1. Create a influxdb.conf file:
reporting-disabled = true
bind-address = ":8088"

[meta]
  dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/meta"
  retention-autocreate = true
  logging-enabled = true

[data]
  dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/data"
  wal-dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/wal"
  query-log-enabled = true
  cache-max-memory-size = 1073741824
  cache-snapshot-memory-size = 26214400
  cache-snapshot-write-cold-duration = "10m0s"
  compact-full-write-cold-duration = "4h0m0s"
  max-series-per-database = 1000000
  max-values-per-tag = 100000
  index-version = "tsi1"
  trace-logging-enabled = false

[coordinator]
  write-timeout = "10s"
  max-concurrent-queries = 0
  query-timeout = "0s"
  log-queries-after = "0s"
  max-select-point = 0
  max-select-series = 0
  max-select-buckets = 0

[retention]
  enabled = true
  check-interval = "30m0s"

[shard-precreation]
  enabled = true
  check-interval = "10m0s"
  advance-period = "30m0s"

[monitor]
  store-enabled = true
  store-database = "_internal"
  store-interval = "10s"

[subscriber]
  enabled = true
  http-timeout = "30s"
  insecure-skip-verify = false
  ca-certs = ""
  write-concurrency = 40
  write-buffer-size = 1000

[http]
  enabled = true
  flux-enabled = true
  bind-address = ":8086"
  auth-enabled = false
  log-enabled = true
  write-tracing = false
  pprof-enabled = true
  https-enabled = false
  https-certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"
  https-private-key = ""
  max-row-limit = 0
  max-connection-limit = 0
  shared-secret = ""
  realm = "InfluxDB"
  unix-socket-enabled = false
  bind-socket = "/var/run/influxdb.sock"

[[graphite]]
  enabled = false
  bind-address = ":2003"
  database = "graphite"
  retention-policy = ""
  protocol = "tcp"
  batch-size = 5000
  batch-pending = 10
  batch-timeout = "1s"
  consistency-level = "one"
  separator = "."
  udp-read-buffer = 0

[[collectd]]
  enabled = false
  bind-address = ":25826"
  database = "collectd"
  retention-policy = ""
  batch-size = 5000
  batch-pending = 10
  batch-timeout = "10s"
  read-buffer = 0
  typesdb = "/usr/share/collectd/types.db"
  security-level = "none"
  auth-file = "/etc/collectd/auth_file"

[[opentsdb]]
  enabled = false
  bind-address = ":4242"
  database = "opentsdb"
  retention-policy = ""
  consistency-level = "one"
  tls-enabled = false
  certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"
  batch-size = 1000
  batch-pending = 5
  batch-timeout = "1s"
  log-point-errors = true

[[udp]]
  enabled = true
  bind-address = ":8089"
  database = "udp"
  retention-policy = ""
  batch-size = 5000
  batch-pending = 10
  read-buffer = 0
  batch-timeout = "1s"
  precision = ""

[continuous_queries]
  log-enabled = true
  enabled = true
  run-interval = "1s"
  1. Enter the InfluxDB container
  2. Copy the configuration file to /var/lib/influxdb/influxdb.conf
  3. Restart the influx container
  4. Enter the container again
  5. Type influx to start using the influx CLI
  6. Add a new user
CREATE USER <INFLUXDB_USERNAME> WITH PASSWORD '<INFLUXDB_PASSWORD>' WITH ALL PRIVILEGES
  1. Type exit to exit the CLI

  1. Open influxdb.config again and change auth-enabled to true in the [http] section
[http]
  ...
  auth-enabled = true
  1. Exit and restart the influx container

Next time you would like to use influx CLI you will have to specify the username and password

influx -username INFLUXDB_USERNAME -password INFLUXDB_PASSWORD

Now your InfluxDB is ready to collect server monitoring data.

Telegraf

  1. Install Telegraf on your server. For Ubuntu you can use following commands:
curl -sL https://repos.influxdata.com/influxdb.key | sudo apt-key add -
source /etc/lsb-release
echo "deb https://repos.influxdata.com/${DISTRIB_ID,,} ${DISTRIB_CODENAME} stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/influxdb.list
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install telegraf

To read more about installation read the Telegraf installation guide

  1. Create a telegraf.conf file:
[agent]
  interval = "5s"
  round_interval = true
  metric_batch_size = 1000
  ## Telegraf will cache metric_buffer_limit metrics for each output, and will
  ## flush this buffer on a successful write.
  metric_buffer_limit = 10000
  ## Collection jitter is used to jitter the collection by a random amount.
  ## Each plugin will sleep for a random time within jitter before collecting.
  ## This can be used to avoid many plugins querying things like sysfs at the
  ## same time, which can have a measurable effect on the system.
  collection_jitter = "0s"
  ## Default flushing interval for all outputs. You shouldn't set this below
  ## interval. Maximum flush_interval will be flush_interval + flush_jitter
  flush_interval = "5s"
  ## Jitter the flush interval by a random amount. This is primarily to avoid
  ## large write spikes for users running a large number of telegraf instances.
  ## ie, a jitter of 5s and interval 10s means flushes will happen every 10-15s
  flush_jitter = "0s"
  precision = ""
  ## Run telegraf in debug mode
  debug = false
  ## Run telegraf in quiet mode
  quiet = false
  logfile = ""
  ## Override default hostname, if empty use os.Hostname()
  hostname = ""
  omit_hostname = false

###############################################################################
#                                  OUTPUTS                                    #
###############################################################################
[[outputs.influxdb]]
  urls = ["http://localhost:8086"]
  database = "<INFLUXDB_DATABASENAME>"
  username = "<INFLUXDB_USERNAME>"
  password = "<INFLUXDB_USERNAME>"
  retention_policy = ""
  write_consistency = "any"
  timeout = "5s"

###############################################################################
#                                  INPUTS                                     #
###############################################################################
# Read metrics about cpu usage
[[inputs.cpu]]
  # Whether to report per-cpu stats or not
  percpu = true
  # Whether to report total system CPU stats or not
  totalcpu = true
  # Comment this line if you want the raw CPU time metrics
  fielddrop = ["time_*"]

# Read metrics about disk usage by mount point
[[inputs.disk]]
  # By default, telegraf gather stats for all mountpoints.
  # Setting mountpoints will restrict the stats to the specified mountpoints.
  mount_points=["/", "/host"]

  # Ignore some mountpoints by filesystem type. For example (dev)tmpfs (usually
  # present on /run, /var/run, /dev/shm or /dev).
  ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs"]

# Read metrics about disk IO by a device
[[inputs.diskio]]
  # By default, telegraf will gather stats for all devices including
  # disk partitions.
  # Setting devices will restrict the stats to the specified devices.
  # devices = ["sda", "sdb"]
  # Uncomment the following line if you do not need disk serial numbers.
  # skip_serial_number = true

# Read metrics about memory usage
[[inputs.mem]]

# Read metrics about swap memory usage
[[inputs.swap]]

# Read metrics about system load & uptime
[[inputs.system]]

# collects network bond
[[inputs.bond]]

# total number of processes and groups them by status (zombie, sleeping, running, etc.)
[[inputs.processes]]

# Gather metrics about network interfaces
[[inputs.net]]
  ## By default, telegraf gathers stats from any up interface (excluding loopback)
  ## Setting interfaces will tell it to gather these explicit interfaces,
  ## regardless of status. When specifying an interface, glob-style
  ## patterns are also supported.
  ##
  interfaces = ["eth*", "en*", "enp0s[0-1]", "lo"]
  ##
  ## On linux systems telegraf also collects protocol stats.
  ## Setting ignore_protocol_stats to true will skip reporting of protocol metrics.
  ##
  # ignore_protocol_stats = false
  ##

# Get kernel statistics from /proc/stat
[[inputs.kernel]]

[[inputs.netstat]]

#[[inputs.interrupts]]

###############################################################################
#                              SERVICE INPUTS                                 #
###############################################################################
[[inputs.docker]]
  ## Docker Endpoint
  ##   To use TCP, set endpoint = "tcp://[ip]:[port]"
  ##   To use environment variables (ie, docker-machine), set endpoint = "ENV"
  endpoint = "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"
  ## Containers to include and exclude. Collect all if empty. Globs accepted.
  container_name_include = []
  container_name_exclude = []
  timeout = "5s"
  ## Whether to report for each container per-device blkio (8:0, 8:1...) and
  ## network (eth0, eth1, ...) stats or not
  perdevice = true
  ## Whether to report for each container total blkio and network stats or not
  total = false
   ## Which environment variables should we use as a tag
  # tag_env = ["JAVA_HOME", "HEAP_SIZE"]
  ## Optional TLS Config
  # tls_ca = "/etc/telegraf/ca.pem"
  # tls_cert = "/etc/telegraf/cert.pem"
  # tls_key = "/etc/telegraf/key.pem"
  ## Use TLS but skip chain & host verification
  # insecure_skip_verify = false

[[inputs.influxdb]]
  urls = ["http://localhost:8086/debug/vars"]
  1. Make sure that you entered correct urls, username and passowrd to your InfluxDB in the [[outputs.influxdb]] section
[[outputs.influxdb]]
  urls = ["http://localhost:8086"]
  database = "<INFLUXDB_DATABASENAME>"
  username = "<INFLUXDB_USERNAME>"
  password = "<INFLUXDB_USERNAME>"
  1. Upload telegraf.conf to your server. In my case the config file is stored in /etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf
  2. Start the Telegraf service, on Ubuntu you can start it via sudo service telegraf start
  3. Add the Telegraf agent to the Docker group to get information for dockers.
  sudo usermod -aG docker telegraf

Grafana

  1. Open grafana, it's on port 3000 by default
  2. Default login: admin
  3. Default password: admin
  4. Add a datasource:
    • Open http://GRAFANA_ADDRESS:3000/datasources
    • Select influxdb
    • Set the url to influxdb - http://<INFLUXDB_ADDRESS>:8086
    • In InfluxDB Details type
      • Database: <INFLUXDB_DATABASENAME>
      • User: <INFLUXDB_USERNAME>
      • Password: <INFLUXDB_PASSWORD>
      • Save and Test

  1. Import dashboard:

You can pick one of those grafana dashboards. 2738 is quite good for Rancher.

  1. Add a notification channel for your server monitoring:

    • E-mail:
      • Open Alert => Notification Channels
      • Name: monitoring
      • Type: Email
      • Add Email Addresses
      • Save and test
    • Slack or Mattermost by using a webhook:
      • Name: slack
      • Type: slack
      • Url: <SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL>
      • Save and test You can find more information about Slack Webhooks here.

  2. Add a sample alert for low disk space:

    • Add a new dashboard
    • Pick Graph
    • Click on Panel title => Edit
    • On the bottom panel Graph => Metrics
    • In Data Source pick InfluxDB

    • Or click the hamburger button next to the query builder and select Toggle Edit Mode
    • Pass a query SELECT mean("used_percent") FROM "mem" WHERE ("host" = <YOUR_SERVER_NAME>) AND $timeFilter GROUP BY time($__interval) fill(none)
    • Switch to the Axes tab
    • Type 0 to Y-min and 100 to Y-Max

    • Switch to the Alert tab
    • Create new alert
    • Type 80 to IS ABOVE

    • Select notification channels
    • Save the dashbord by clicking on the disk icon from the top bar

Now you will be informed when memory usage is above 80% for more than 5 minutes. Was it so hard to set up a full working server monitoring system for your Rancher? Now you are ready to install multiple Telegraf instances on your dev or test servers and see everything in a single Grafana.

Summary

TIG Stack is a combination of really great tools for server monitoring that can save you a lot of time, problems and effort. Combined with ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana) it gives you a nice set of tools for both visualizing metrics and analyzing log messages. You can continue further by adding a load balancer instead of exposing ports.

A working project can be downloaded from github.