choc_MathHelpers.h

//
//    ██████ ██   ██  ██████   ██████
//   ██      ██   ██ ██    ██ ██            ** Classy Header-Only Classes **
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#ifndef CHOC_MATH_HELPERS_HEADER_INCLUDED
#define CHOC_MATH_HELPERS_HEADER_INCLUDED

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
 #include <intrin.h>
 #pragma intrinsic (_BitScanReverse)

 #ifdef _WIN64
  #pragma intrinsic (_BitScanReverse64)
 #endif

 #ifdef _M_X64
  #pragma intrinsic (_umul128)
  #define CHOC_HAS_UMUL128 1
 #endif
#endif

namespace choc::math
{

//==============================================================================
/// Returns true if the given value is 2^something
template <typename Integer>
constexpr bool isPowerOf2 (Integer n)       { return n > 0 && (n & (n - 1)) == 0; }

// Returns the number of contiguously-clear upper bits in a 32-bit value
/// Note this operation is undefined for value == 0!
inline uint32_t countUpperClearBits (uint32_t value)
{
   #ifdef _MSC_VER
    unsigned long result = 0;
    _BitScanReverse (&result, static_cast<unsigned long> (value));
    return static_cast<uint32_t> (31u - result);
   #else
    return static_cast<uint32_t> (__builtin_clz (value));
   #endif
}

/// Returns the number of contiguously-clear upper bits in a 64-bit value.
/// Note this operation is undefined for value == 0!
inline uint32_t countUpperClearBits (uint64_t value)
{
   #ifdef _MSC_VER
    unsigned long result = 0;
    #ifdef _WIN64
     _BitScanReverse64 (&result, value);
    #else
     if (_BitScanReverse (&result, static_cast<unsigned long> (value >> 32))) return static_cast<uint32_t> (31u - result);
     _BitScanReverse (&result, static_cast<unsigned long> (value));
    #endif
    return static_cast<uint32_t> (63u - result);
   #else
    return static_cast<uint32_t> (__builtin_clzll (value));
   #endif
}

/// Returns the number of decimal digits required to print a given unsigned number
inline int getNumDecimalDigits (uint32_t n)
{
    return n < 1000 ? (n < 10 ? 1 : (n < 100 ? 2 : 3))
         : n < 1000000 ? (n < 10000 ? 4 : (n < 100000 ? 5 : 6))
         : n < 100000000 ? (n < 10000000 ? 7 : 8)
         : n < 1000000000 ? 9 : 10;
}


//==============================================================================
/// Used as a return type for multiply128()
struct Int128
{
    uint64_t high, low;
};

/// A cross-platform function to multiply two 64-bit numbers and return a 128-bit result
inline Int128 multiply128 (uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
{
   #if CHOC_HAS_UMUL128
    Int128 result;
    result.low = _umul128 (a, b, &result.high);
    return result;
   #elif __LP64__
    auto total = static_cast<unsigned __int128> (a) * static_cast<unsigned __int128> (b);
    return { static_cast<uint64_t> (total >> 64), static_cast<uint64_t> (total) };
   #else
    uint64_t a0 = static_cast<uint32_t> (a), a1 = a >> 32,
             b0 = static_cast<uint32_t> (b), b1 = b >> 32;
    auto p10 = a1 * b0, p00 = a0 * b0,
         p11 = a1 * b1, p01 = a0 * b1;
    auto middleBits = p10 + static_cast<uint32_t> (p01) + (p00 >> 32);
    return { p11 + (middleBits >> 32) + (p01 >> 32), (middleBits << 32) | static_cast<uint32_t> (p00) };
   #endif
}


} // namespace choc::math

#endif