ggman

A golang tool that can manage all your git repositories.

What Is ggman?

When you only have a couple of git repositories that you work on it is perfectly feasible to manage them by using git clone, git pull and friends. However once the number of repositories grows beyond a small number this can become tedious:

• It is hard to find which folder a repository has been cloned to
• Getting an overview of what is cloned and what is not is hard
• It's not easily possible to perform actions on more than one repo at once, e.g. git pull

This is the problem ggman is designed to solve. It allows one to:

• Maintain and expand a local directory structure of multiple repositories
• Run actions (such as git clone, git pull) on groups of repositories

Why ggman?

While similar tools exist these commonly have a lot of downsides:

• they enforce a flat directory structure;
• they are limited to one repository provider (such as GitHub or GitLab); or
• they are only available from within an IDE or GUI.

ggman considers these as major downsides. The goals and principles of ggman are:

• to be command-line first;
• to be simple to install, configure and use;
• to encourage an obvious hierarchical directory structure, but remain fully functional with any directory structure;
• to remain free of provider-specific code; and
• to not store any repository-specific data outside of the repositories themselves (enabling the user to switch back to only git at any point).

Setting up and using 'ggman'

Setting up ggman consists of two steps:

1. Getting the 'ggman' binary
2. Configuring the installation

getting the ggman binary

There are two primary options for getting and installing ggman.

Download a pre-built binary.

You can download a pre-built binary from the releases page on GitHub. This page includes releases for Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. Afterwards simply place it somewhere in your $PATH.

Install from Source

If you do not trust pre-built binaries you can build ggman from source. You need go (version 1.21 or newer) along with make installed on your machine. After cloning this repository, you can simply type make install to have ggman installed automatically

Optional Dependencies

The compiled ggman binary does not depend on any external software. However having git in $PATH allows for more efficient operations in some cases.

Furthermore, if you have a custom .ssh/config on your system, the git-less setup may not be fully supported. You should install a native git executable on your system.

To check if a running ggman installation has found a git executable, run ggman env --raw git. If one is found, it will print the path to it.

configuring ggman

ggman is easy to configure.

It manages all git repositories inside a given root directory, and automatically sets up new repositories relative to the URLs they are cloned from. This root folder defaults to ~/Projects but can be customized using the $GGROOT environment variable.

Once the GGROOT environment variable is set, ggman is ready to be used.

first steps

To validate that the configuration is correct, you can list all repositories that ggman detects. To do this type:

ggman ls

If you want to find a specific installed repository you can provide a --for argument. For example:

ggman --for https://github.com/tkw1536/ggman ls

will print the location of a particular repository.

To clone a new repository into the root directory, you can use the ggman clone command. For example:

ggman clone https://github.com/tkw1536/ggman

This will clone the repository https://github.com/tkw1536/ggman to the folder $GGROOT/github.com/tkw1536/ggman using ssh keys.

If you want to move all existing repositories into the standardized structure you can use:

ggman relocate

If you want to only see what would be moved where you can instead use

ggman relocate --simulate

A more thorough documentation on the commands above and how the URL to path mapping works can be found in the thorough documentation below.

Optional: Additional shell aliases

In addition to ggman (described in detail below) certain aliases can also be very useful. They can be installed into your .zshrc or .bashrc by adding the following line:

eval "$(ggman shellrc)"

ggcd

ggcd allows 'cd'-ing into a directory given a repository name. For example, ggcd github.com/hello/world will cd into the directory where the github.com/hello/world repository is checked out. This also works with any pattern matching a repository, e.g. ggcd world will cd into the first repository matching world.

ggclone

ggclone behaves similar to ggman clone and ggcd. It takes the exact same arguments as ggman clone, but when the repository already exists in the default location does not clone it again. Furthermore, after finishing the clone, automatically cds into the cloned repository.

ggshow

ggshow is like ggcd, except that it prints the target directory and also shows the most recent HEAD commit. This requires a locally installed git.

ggcode

ggcode is like ggcd, except it opens an editor (here vscode) instead of cd-ing.

the ggman command

The ggman command is implemented in golang and can be compiled using standard golang tools. In addition, a Makefile is provided.

The command is split into several sub-commands, which are described below. ggman has the following general exit behavior:

Exit Code	Description
0	Everything went ok
1	Command Parsing went ok, but a subcommand-specific error occurred
2	The user asked for an unknown subcommand
3	Command-independent argument parsing failed, e.g. an invalid '--for'
4	Command-dependent argument parsing failed
5	Invalid configuration
6	Unable to parse a repository name

'ggman root' and 'ggman where'

It manages all git repositories inside a given root directory, and automatically sets up new repositories relative to the URLs they are cloned from. The root folder defaults to ~/Projects but can be customized using the $GGROOT environment variable. The root directory can be echoed using the command alias ggman root.

For example, when ggman clones a repository https://github.com/hello/world.git, this would automatically end up in $GGROOT/github.com/hello/world. This works not only for github.com urls, but for any kind of url. To see where a repository would be cloned to (but not actually cloning it), use ggman where <REPO>.

As of ggman 1.12, this translation of URLs into paths takes existing paths into account. In particular, it re-uses existing sub-paths if they differ from the requested path only by casing.

For example, say the directory $GGROOT/github.com/hello exists and the user requests to clone https://github.com/HELLO/world.git. Before 1.12, this clone would end up in $GGROOT/github.com/HELLO/world, resulting in two directories $GGROOT/github.com/HELLO and $GGROOT/github.com/hello. After 1.12, this clone will end up in $GGROOT/github.com/hello/world. While this means placing of repositories needs to touch the disk (and check for existing directories), it results in less directory clutter.

By default, the first matching directory (in alphanumerical order) is used as opposed to creating a new one. If a directory with the exact name exists, this is preferred over a case-insensitive match.

This normalization behavior can be controlled using the GGNORM environment variable. It has three values:

• smart (use first matching path, prefer exact matches, default behavior);
• fold (fold paths, but do not prefer exact matches); and
• none (always use exact paths, legacy behavior)

'ggman ls'

While creating this folder structure when cloning new repositories, ggman can run operation on any other folder structure contained within the GGROOT directory. For this purpose the ggman ls command lists all repositories that have been found in this structure.

For easier integration into scripts, ggman ls supports an --exit-code argument. If this is given, the command will return exit code 0 iff at least one repository is found, and exit code 1 otherwise.

Furthermore, the flag --one or the flags --count / -n can be given to limit the number of results. This is useful in specific scripting circumstances.

the '--for', '--here' and '--path' arguments

When running multi-repository operations, it is possible to limit the operations to a specific subset of repositories. This is achieved by using the 'for' keyword along with a pattern. For example, ggman --for 'github.com/*/example' ls will list all repositories from github.com that are named example.

Examples for supported patterns can be found in this table:

Pattern	Examples
world	[email protected]:hello/world.git, https://github.com/hello/world
hello/*	[email protected]:hello/earth.git, [email protected]:hello/mars.git
hello/m*	[email protected]:hello/mars.git, [email protected]:hello/mercury.git
github.com/*/*	[email protected]:hello/world.git, [email protected]:bye/world.git
github.com/hello	[email protected]:hello/world.git, [email protected]:hello/mars.git

Note that the --for argument also works for exact repository urls, e.g. ggman --for 'https://github.com/tkw1536/GitManager' ls. --for also works with absolute or relative filepaths to locally installed repositories.

In addition, the --for argument by default uses a fuzzy matching algorithm. For example, the pattern wrld will also match a repository called world. Fuzzy matching only works for patterns that do not contain a special glob characters (* and friends). It is also possible to turn off fuzzy matching entirely by passing the --no-fuzzy-filter / -n argument.

In addition to the --for argument, you can also use the --path argument. Instead of taking a pattern, it takes a (relative or absolute) filesystem path and matches all repositories under it. This also works when not inside GGROOT. The --path argument can be provided multiple times.

The --here argument is an alias for --path ., meaning it matches only the repository located in the current working directory, or repositories under it.

'ggman comps' and 'ggman canon'

On github.com and multiple other providers, it is usually possible to clone repositories via multiple urls. For example, the repository https://github.com/hello/world can actually be cloned via:

• https://github.com/hello/world.git and
• [email protected]:hello/world.git

Usually the latter url is preferred over the former one in order to use SSH authentication instead of having to constantly having to type a password. For this purpose, ggman implements the concept of canonical urls, that is it treats the latter url as the main one and uses it to clone the repository. This behavior can be customized by the user.

A canonical url is generated from an original url using a so-called CANSPEC (canonical specification). An example CANSPEC is git@^:$.git.

CANSPECs generate canonical urls by first taking the original urls, and splitting them into path-like components. These components also perform some normalization, such as removing common prefixes and suffixes. A few examples examples can be found in this table.

URL	Components
[email protected]/user/repo	github.com, user, repo
github.com/hello/world.git	github.com, hello, world
[email protected]:repo.git	server.com, user, repo

To see exactly which components a URL has, use ggman comps <URL>.

After this, the canonical url is generated by parsing each character of the CANSPEC. By default, a character of the CANSPEC simply ends up in the canonical url. However, two characters are treated differently:

• % is replaced by the second unused component of the URI (commonly a username)
• $ is replaced by all remaining components in the URI joined with a '/'. Also stops all special character processing afterwards. If $ does not exist in the cspec, it is assumed to be at the end of the CANSPEC.

A couple of examples can be found below:

CANSPEC	Canonical URL of the components server.com, user, repository
git@^:$.git	[email protected]:user/repository.git
ssh://%@^/$.git	ssh://[email protected]/repository.git
(empty)	server.com/user/repository

To get the canonical url of a repository use ggman canon <URL> <CANSPEC>.

To customize the behavior globally, a so-called CANFILE can be used. This CANFILE should either be called .ggman in the users home directory, or be pointed to by the GGMAN_CANFILE environment variable.

A CANFILE should consist of several lines. Each line should contain either one or two space-separated strings. The first one is a pattern (as used with the for keyword) and the second is a CANSPEC to apply for all repositories matching this pattern. Empty lines and those starting with '#', '\' are treated as comments.

To resolve a canonical url with a CANFILE, simply omit the CANSPEC attribute of ggman canon.

'ggman fix'

To fix an existing remote of a repository use ggman fix. This updates remotes of all matching repositories to their canonical form using the CANFILE. Optionally, you can pass a --simulate argument to ggman fix. Instead of storing any urls, it will only print what is being done to STDOUT.

'ggman lsr'

To list the remotes of all installed repositories, use ggman lsr. It takes an optional argument --canonical which, if provided, cause ggman to print canonical urls instead of the provided ones.

'ggman fetch' and 'ggman pull'

To fetch data for all repositories, or to run git pull, use ggman fetch and ggman pull respectively.

'ggman clone', 'ggman link' and ggman relocate

To clone a new repository into the respective location, use ggman clone with the name of the repository as the argument, for example:

ggman clone [email protected]:hello/world.git

which will clone the the hello world repository into $GGROOT/github.com/hello/world. This cloning not only works for the canonical repository url, but for any other url as well. For example:

ggman clone https://github.com/hello/world.git

will do the same as the above command.

However sometimes for various reasons a repository needs to live in a non-standard location outside of GGROOT. For example, in the case of go packages these need to live within $GOPATH. In this case, it is sometimes useful to symlink these repositories into the existing directory structure. For this purpose, the ggman link command exists. This takes the path to the local clone of an existing repository, which will then be linked into the existing structure. For example

ggman link $HOME/go/src/github.com/hello/world

would link the repository in $HOME/go/src/github.com/hello/world into the right location. Here, this corresponds to $GGROOT/github.com/hello/world.

Furthermore, sometimes a repository changes it's remote url and should be moved to the correct location. For this purpose the ggman relocate command can be used. It is called without arguments.

ggman here, ggman web and ggman url

ggman here

prints the current ggman-controlled repository. In addition, the command takes an optional --tree argument. When provided, also prints the location relative to the current git worktree root.

Similarly,

ggman web

attempts to open the url of the current repository in a web-browser. For this purpose it uses the CANSPEC https://^/$, which may not work with all git hosts. It also takes an optional --tree, which behaves similar and above and optionally opens a url pointing to the current folder.

ggman url

is the same as ggman web, except that it only prints the URL to stdout.

ggman web and ggman url also take an optional base url. If it is provided, the first component of the url is replace with the given base. ggman also supports a number of "default" base urls.

For example:

ggman web godoc

will open the current repo on pkg.go.dev. To see a list of supported default urls, use ggman web --list-bases.

'ggman find-branch'

git 2.28 introduced the init.defaultBranch option to set the name of the default branch of new repositories. However this does not affect existing repositories.

To find repositories with an old branch, the ggman find-branch command can be used. It takes a single argument (a branch name), and finds all repositories that contain a branch with the given name.

'ggman find-file'

Sometimes it is useful to find specific files inside repository directories. This can be used to e.g. detect repositories of a specific language.

For this purpose the ggman find-file command can be used. It takes a single argument (a file name), and finds all repository directories that contain a file with the given path. For example, use ggman find-file package.json to find all repositories with a package.json.

'ggman sweep'

After moving repositories around (for example using ggman relocate, or by manual operations) empty directories are often left behind. Because of the nature of ggman sometimes directories containing only empty directories may also be left behind. To easily find these directories, the ggman sweep command can be used.

It takes no arguments, and lists all directories, which are not git repositories and are empty, or contain only empty directories. These are listed in such an order that they can be deleted in order using rmdir and friends.

'ggman exec'

Sometimes it is useful to run an arbitrary command over all the known git repositories. This can be achieved using the ggman exec command. It simply takes a command as an argument and runs it in each repository.

'ggman env'

To debug and inspect the current environment of the ggman command the ggman env command can be used. The environment exposed consists of a set of variables representing the state. Use ggman env --list to see a list of variables. Use ggman env --describe to see their corresponding human-readable descriptions. Use ggman env --raw to print the raw values of these variables in the same order. Use ggman env without any arguments to print escaped (variable, value) pairs.

You can also provide a list of variables as arguments to list only those variables. For instance: ggman env --raw GGROOT will print the unescaped, raw value of the GGROOT environment variable. Variables are matched case-insensitive.

Command Aliases

ggman comes with the following builtin aliases:

• ggman git behaves exactly like ggman exec git
• ggman show behaves exactly like ggman exec git -c core.pager= show HEAD to show the most recent HEAD commit of a repository
• ggman require behaves exactly like ggman clone --force
• ggman root behaves exactly like ggman env --raw GGROOT (for backwards compatibility)

Changelog

1.23.0 (Upcoming)

• update dependencies to latest
• replace unneeded dependencies by standard library
• update to goprogram 0.7.0
• minor linting updates
• minor performance improvements
• explicitly handle output errors

1.22.0 (Released Sep 22 2024)

• update to go 1.23
• add --count flag to ggman ls
• fix typo in Makefile

1.21.0 (Released May 30 2024)

• add ggman find-file command
• Various internal performance tweaks
• make spellchecker happy
• Update to go 1.22
• Update to goprogram 0.5.0
• Update dependencies

1.20.1 (Released Jun 1 2023)

• fix ggman relocate behavior on Windows

1.20.0 (Released Jun 1 2023)

• add ggman show alias to show the head commit of a repository
• add ggshow utility
• rework some of the shell aliases
• Makefile: Make sure to always build with cgo disabled
• rework filter scoring to take position of match into account
• improve ggman relocate error handling in some edge cases
• fix a lot of typos
• update to goprogram 0.4.0
• update various other dependencies

1.19.0 (Released Apr 4 2023)

• update to go 1.20
• ggman exec display output in parallel when running in parallel
• rename --local flag to --here in ggman clone
• improve ggman relocate behavior with symlinks
• update to goprogram 0.3.5
• minor bugfixes and CI updates
• update copyright year

1.18.2 (Released Jul 14 2022)

• fix another ggclone alias issue

1.18.1 (Released Jul 10 2022)

• fix ggclone alias

1.18.0 (Released Jul 10 2022)

• move aliases to new ggman shellrc command
  • add new ggclone alias
• build universal mac executables

1.17.0 (Released May 30 2022)

• update to new goprogram
  • format messages accordingly
  • remove BeforeRegister method from commands
  • remove unneeded pointer receivers
• add new --scores flag to ggman ls
• dependency updates

1.16.0 (Released Apr 18 2022)

• update to new goprogram version (refactors positional argument parsing)
• add --list-bases flag to ggman web and ggman url
• don't try to open invalid URLs in ggman web and ggman url
• add ggman require alias
• make documentation strings more consistent

1.15.0 (Released Apr 8 2022)

• add --from-file argument that reads --for arguments from a file
• add ggman env command to print information about ggman
• use native git when available in ggman fetch, ggman pull
• make built-in git fetch, pull and clone progress on standard error
• automatically upload releases from GitHub actions
• minor fixes

1.14.0 (Released Mar 27 2022)

• move to go 1.18
• refactor program package into external goprogram package, using type-parameters and not depend on ggman
• add --to and --local flags to ggman clone
• fix ggman pull not respecting input / output streams
• README and documentation rework
• minor internal improvements

1.13.2 (Released Jan 18 2022)

• add new --path global argument to match repos under a specific path

1.13.1 (Released Jan 16 2022)

• add support for command aliases and add various aliases
• fix typos in README

1.13.0 (Released Jan 14 2022)

• add ggman sweep command
• add ggman exec command
• sort matches against fuzzy filters by score
• ensure shell escaping when generating scripts using --simulate
• prepare URLs to accept custom aliases
• internal testing improvements
• refactor main program initialization

1.12.0 (Released Dec 23 2021)

• add GGNORM variable: when placing repositories locally, take casing of existing paths into account
• add --dirty and --clean filter arguments
• add --synced and --unsynced filter arguments
• add --tarnished and --pristine filter arguments
• internal testing improvements

1.11.1 (Released Sep 20 2021)

• use go1.17 for building and tests
• improved checking for local urls when running ggman clone
• minor internal improvements

1.11.0 (Released May 8 2021)

• add --clone and --reclone flag to ggman url
• add fuzzy matching support for repository patterns (can be disabled using --no-fuzzy-filter)
• ggman ls: add --one argument to list at most one repository
• ggman clone: complain when trying to clone a local path
• internal code improvements and bugfixes

1.10.0 (Released Mar 20 2021)

• add --force flag to ggman clone to ignore errors when a cloned repository already exists.
• use github.com/jessevdk/go-flags to allow unknown options in argument parsing
• rewrite and extend help page generator
• embed license info using go:embed
• internal code improvements to program struct and text wrapping
• remove TODOs that are no longer required

1.9.0 (Released Feb 21 2021)

• move to go 1.16
• --for now also matches filepaths
• add a new utility method to cleanup repeated code
• move util and testutil packages into new internal subpackage

1.8.0 (Released Jan 31 2021)

• add force-repo-here flag to ggman web and ggman url to force a repository even when there is none
• include go version when calling ggman version
• use go 1.15 in tests
• improve util/record.go implementation
• update copyright year

1.7.2 (Released Nov 29 2020)

• --for now matches remote URL instead of clone path
• bug fixes

1.7.1 (Released Nov 27 2020)

• rewrite --here and --for filter flags
• minor bug fixes

1.7.0 (Released Nov 22 2020)

• add --here flag as a convenience to filter the current repository
• add ggman relocate command to move repositories to where they should be
• ggman clone: Only create parent folder to clone repository
• improved windows support

1.6.0 (Released Oct 4 2020)

• rework, document and test new package structure
• rework git repository scanning & filtering to take place in parallel
• add internal utility to automatically re-generate license notices
• add branch flag to ggman web and ggman url
• bugfix: Add missing ggman find-branch documentation
• replace flag package by POSIX-compatible pflag package
• cleanup runtime version handling

1.5.0 (Released Aug 29 2020)

• added ggman find-branch command
• upgrade to new version of go-git
• internal optimization and documentation
• rewrite and optimize internal url handling
• rewrite internal handling of git commands
• moved from Travis to GitHub Actions

1.4.1 (Released Jul 23 2020)

• stop compressing binary releases with upx
• added 'godoc' and 'localgodoc BASE urls to ggman web and ggman url
• rewrite handling of CanFile
• added more tests

1.4.0 (Released Jul 1 2020)

• added a BASE url to ggman web and ggman url
• refactored internal flag handling
• refactored Makefile
• moved to travis-ci.com
• added a CHANGELOG to the README

1.3.0 (Released Aug 29 2019)

• added ggman web which opens the current repository in a web browser
• added ggman url which prints the (web) url of the current repository
• added ggman here command which prints the current repository

1.2.0 (Released Jul 10 2019)

• ggman link now creates absolute symlinks instead of exactly echoing the path the user entered
• Added a bash alias to the README

1.1.0 (Released Apr 11 2019)

• Use external git clone command when available and allow passing options to it
• Added help command and better subcommand help behavior
• Add versioning information to help page

1.0.0 (Released Feb 17 2019)

• Initial release

LICENSE

ggman is licensed under the terms of the MIT LICENSE, see LICENSE. To view accompanying license information use ggman license.