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KeYmaera X

Self-driving cars, autonomous robots, modern airplanes, or robotic surgery: we increasingly entrust our lives to computers and therefore should strive for nothing but the highest safety standards - mathematical correctness proof. Proofs for such cyber-physical systems can be constructed with the KeYmaera X prover. As a hybrid systems theorem prover, KeYmaera X analyzes the control program and the physical behavior of the controlled system together in differential dynamic logic.

KeYmaera X features a minimal core of just about 1700 lines of code that isolates all soundness-critical reasoning. Such a small and simple prover core makes it much easier to trust verification results. Pre-defined and custom tactics built on top of the core drive automated proof search. KeYmaera X comes with a web-based front-end that provides a clean interface for both interactive and automated proving, highlighting the most crucial parts of a verification activity. Besides hybrid systems, KeYmaera X also supports the verification of hybrid games in differential game logic.

More information and precompiled binaries are available at: http://keymaeraX.org/

Installation

The easiest way to run KeYmaera X is to download binaries keymaerax.jar and start from command line

java -jar keymaerax.jar

First ensure that the following software is installed

  • Java Development Kit JDK (version 1.8 recommended, versions 1.9-1.10 work as well but are not recommended. Mathematica 9.0 is only compatible with Java 1.6 and 1.7. Mathematica 10.0+ is also compatible with Java 1.8)
  • Wolfram Mathematica (version 10+ recommended. Previous versions may work. The Mathematica J/Link library that comes with Mathematica is needed during compilation. Mathematica needs to be activated to use it also at runtime. Without active Mathemetica, the Z3 Solver is automatically used for real arithmetic.)

Configuration

KeYmaera X requires a decision procedure for real arithmetic to finalize proofs. It is tested best with Mathematica and some features are only available when using Mathematica. After starting KeYmaera X you can configure arithmetic tools in the Help->Tool Configuration menu.

Depending on the operating system, Mathematica is installed in different locations. Alternatively, you can also specify which arithmetic tools to use from command line with parameters -mathkernel and -jlink. Parameters that are appropriate when Mathematica is installed in the default location are provided below.

Default Configuration Parameters per Operating System

Mac OS, 64bit, Mathematica 10.4+

  • -mathkernel /Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/MacOS/MathKernel
  • -jlink /Applications/Mathematica.app/Contents/SystemFiles/Links/JLink/SystemFiles/Libraries/MacOSX-x86-64

Linux, 64bit, Mathematica 10.4+

  • -mathkernel /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/10.4/Executables/MathKernel
  • -jlink /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/10.4/SystemFiles/Links/JLink/SystemFiles/Libraries/Linux-x86-64

Windows, 64bit, Mathematica 10.4+

  • -mathkernel "C:\Program Files\Wolfram Research\Mathematica\10.4\MathKernel.exe"
  • -jlink "C:\Program Files\Wolfram Research\Mathematica\10.4\SystemFiles\Links\JLink\SystemFiles\Libraries\Windows-x86-64"

FAQ: Run Problems

If running java -jar keymaerax.jar results in the error java.lang.module.FindException: Module java.xml.bind not found then downgrade JDK to version 1.8 till 1.10, because JDK 1.11 is not yet supported.

If running java -jar keymaerax.jar results in the error Invalid or corrupt jarfile then update to Java 1.8 and to Mathematica 10+. If you need to use an earlier version of Java or Mathematica, you can also run KeYmaera X via

java -Xss20M -cp keymaerax.jar KeYmaeraX

If KeYmaera X acts weird after an update, clean your local cache of lemmas by removing (or renaming) the directory ~/.keymaerax/cache. You could also try renaming the model and proof database ~/.keymaerax/keymaerax.sqlite (if this file has become corrupt, it may prevent KeYmaera X from working properly). It is good practice to periodically export KeYmaera X proof archives, because they avoid database upgrade problems.

Errors related to com.wolfram.jlink or JLinkNativeLibrary are caused by incompatibilities of Java 1.8 in combination with Mathematica 9. It is recommended to use Mathematica 10+. Or they may be caused by operating system configuration issues.

Building

To compile KeYmaera X from source code and learn about faster incremental compilation in IDEs, see Building Instructions. In a nutshell, install the right software and run the following to build keymaerax.jar:

sbt clean assembly

Publications

KeYmaera X implements the uniform substitution calculus for differential dynamic logic in order to enable soundness assurance by way of a small trusted LCF-style kernel while still being amenable to automatic theorem proving.

https://www.ls.cs.cmu.edu/publications.html

  1. André Platzer. A complete uniform substitution calculus for differential dynamic logic. Journal of Automated Reasoning, 59(2), pp. 219-266, 2017.

  2. André Platzer. Logics of dynamical systems. ACM/IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, LICS 2012, June 25–28, 2012, Dubrovnik, Croatia, pages 13-24. IEEE 2012.

  3. Nathan Fulton, Stefan Mitsch, Jan-David Quesel, Marcus Völp and André Platzer. KeYmaera X: An axiomatic tactical theorem prover for hybrid systems. In Amy P. Felty and Aart Middeldorp, editors, International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE'15, Berlin, Germany, Proceedings, LNCS. Springer, 2015.

  4. Nathan Fulton, Stefan Mitsch, Brandon Bohrer and André Platzer. Bellerophon: Tactical theorem proving for hybrid systems. In Mauricio Ayala-Rincón and César Muñoz, editors, Interactive Theorem Proving, International Conference, ITP 2017, volume 10499 of LNCS, pp. 207-224. Springer, 2017.

  5. André Platzer. Logical Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems. Springer, Cham, 2018. DOI

The soundness assurances provided by a small LCF-style kernel are further strengthened by a cross-verification of the soundness theorem for the uniform substitution calculus in Isabelle/HOL and Coq.

  1. Brandon Bohrer, Vincent Rahli, Ivana Vukotic, Marcus Völp and André Platzer. Formally verified differential dynamic logic. ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs, CPP 2017, Jan 16-17, 2017, Paris, France, pages 208-221, ACM, 2017.

A secondary goal of KeYmaera X is to also make it possible to implement extensions of differential dynamic logic, such as differential game logic for hybrid games as well as quantified differential dynamic logic for distributed hybrid systems:

  1. André Platzer. Differential game logic. ACM Trans. Comput. Log., 17(1), 2015.

  2. André Platzer. Differential hybrid games. ACM Trans. Comput. Log., 18(3), 2017.

  3. André Platzer. A complete axiomatization of quantified differential dynamic logic for distributed hybrid systems. Logical Methods in Computer Science, 8(4), pages 1-44, 2012.

This software uses faster generalized uniform substitution algorithms:

  1. André Platzer. Uniform substitution for differential game logic. In Didier Galmiche, Stephan Schulz and Roberto Sebastiani, editors, Automated Reasoning, 9th International Joint Conference, IJCAR 2018, volume 10900 of LNCS, pp. 211-227. Springer 2018.

  2. André Platzer. Uniform substitution at one fell swoop. In Pascal Fontaine, editor, International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE'19, volume 11716 of LNCS. Springer, 2019.

KeYmaera X uses the Pegasus tool for invariant generation if the appropriate software is installed:

  1. Andrew Sogokon, Stefan Mitsch, Yong Kiam Tan, Katherine Cordwell and André Platzer. Pegasus: A framework for sound continuous invariant generation. In Annabelle McIver and Maurice ter Beek, editors, FM 2019: Formal Methods - 23rd International Symposium, LNCS. Springer, 2019.

The design principles for the user interface of KeYmaera X are described in:

  1. Stefan Mitsch and André Platzer. The KeYmaera X proof IDE: Concepts on usability in hybrid systems theorem proving. In Catherine Dubois, Paolo Masci and Dominique Méry, editors, 3rd Workshop on Formal Integrated Development Environment F-IDE 2016, volume 240 of EPTCS, pp. 67-81, 2017.

Copyright and Licenses

Copyright (C) 2014-2019 Carnegie Mellon University. See COPYRIGHT.txt for details. Developed by Andre Platzer, Stefan Mitsch, Nathan Fulton, Brandon Bohrer, Jan-David Quesel, Yong Kiam Tan, Andrew Sogokon, Fabian Immler, Marcus Voelp, Ran Ji.

See LICENSE.txt for the conditions of using this software.

The KeYmaera X distribution contains external tools. A list of tools and their licenses can be found in

keymaerax-webui/src/main/resources/license/tools_licenses

Contact

KeYmaera X developers: [email protected]