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Quarterly Link Updates and Fixes (#9)
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* Add link to boiler eems page

* adding github actions

* updating the exposure controls devices page

* Update exposure-control-devices.component.html

* small fixes

* Quarterly Link Updates

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Co-authored-by: kflemin <[email protected]>
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marj-schott and kflemin authored May 20, 2024
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<h2>Sources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2024-04/Large%20Building%20Boiler%20Electrification%20Guidance.pdf">Large Commercial Building Boiler Electrification Guide</a>, U.S. Department of Energy​</li>
<li><a href="https://www.csemag.com/articles/boilers-types-applications-and-efficiencies/">Boilers: Types, Applications, and Efficiencies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.csemag.com/articles/boiler-systems-economics-and-efficiencies/">Boiler Systems: Economics and Efficiencies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://betterbricks.com/resources/boilers">Boilers</a></li>
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Expand Up @@ -162,9 +162,9 @@ <h2 id="efficiency-requirements">Efficiency Requirements</h2>
<strong>Average size of commercial boilers by sector. Health care has the largest average size (~22 MMBtu/hr) followed by Warehouse (~13.5 MMBtu/hr), Lodging (~13 MMBtu/hr), Office (~11 MMBtu/hr), Retail (~8 MMBtu/hr), Public Assembly (~7.5 MMBtu/hr), Other (~7.5 MMBtu/hr), and Education (~4 MMBtu/hr). </strong> Data Source: <a href="https://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov/chp/solutions-at-a-glance/chp-project-profiles-database">DOE</a>
</p>

<p>Although FEMP, ASHRAE 189.1, and 90.1 are widely used, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) efficiency tiers are more closely aligned with utility incentives. Per a <a href="https://library.cee1.org/content/cee-2015-commercial-boiler-systems-program-summary/">survey done by CEE</a>, there were about 60 voluntary programs in the United States promoting efficient boiler systems in 2015.</p>
<p>Although FEMP, ASHRAE 189.1, and 90.1 are widely used, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) efficiency tiers are more closely aligned with utility incentives. Per a <a href="https://cee1.org/images/pdf/CEE_ComBoilerSystems_InitiativeDescription_2015_FINAL.pdf">survey done by CEE</a>, there were about 60 voluntary programs in the United States promoting efficient boiler systems in 2015.</p>

<p>Boilers shall meet or exceed the efficiency levels of <a href="https://library.cee1.org/sites/default/files/library/7543/CEE_ComBoilerSystems_InitiativeDescription_2015_FINAL.pdf">CEE Tier 0 performance specification.</a> The boilers must be tested to BTS-2000 standards in the United States.</p>
<p>Boilers shall meet or exceed the efficiency levels of <a href="https://cee1.org/images/pdf/CEE_ComBoilerSystems_InitiativeDescription_2015_FINAL.pdf">CEE Tier 0 performance specification.</a> The boilers must be tested to BTS-2000 standards in the United States.</p>

<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped">
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Chiller plant replacement resulted in 43% energy savings and 35% annual energy cost savings.
</p>

<p>
<a href="https://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/incentivesbyindustry/hightech/C-1094.pdf">Sybase's Headquarters Building</a><br>
The data center saved 411,000 kWh of energy by upgrading to an efficient chiller. The study reported $57,000 in annual energy cost savings, $41,000 in program incentives, and a payback of 8.5 months.
</p>

<p>
<a href="https://www.csemag.com/articles/project-profile-chiller-retrofit-at-office-building/">Duke Realty Corp.</a><br>
Retrofitting existing constant speed chillers with variable frequency drives reduced annual energy costs by 30%.
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Expand Up @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ <h1>{{ title }}</h1>
<li>Redundancy in cooling systems is needed to make up for short-term cooling requirement.</li>
</ul>

<p>Refer to <a href="https://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/about/edusafety/training/pec/inforesource/thrmstor.pdf">Thermal Energy Storage Strategies for Commercial HVAC Systems</a> from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company for further information.</p>
<p>Refer to <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/02/f71/bto-IceStorageWebinar-011620.pdf">Thermal Energy Storage Webinar Series Ice Thermal Energy Storage</a> from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.</p>

<h2>Resources</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/standards/ashrae-design-guide-for-cool-thermal-storage-2nd-ed?product_id=2046532">ASHRAE Design Guide for Cool Thermal Storage</a></p>
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Expand Up @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ <h2>Resources</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283597158_Saving_Energy_With_Cooling_Towers">Saving Energy with Cooling Towers</a>, Frank Morrison, ASHRAE Journal, February 2014</li>
<li><a href="https://ashraephilly.org/images/downloads/CTTC_Articles/1705_cttc.pdf">Cold Weather Operation of Cooling Towers</a>, Paul Londahl, ASHRAE Journal, March 2014</li>
<li><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/products/low_carbon_it_campaign/12_ways_save_energy_data_center/water_side_economizer">Water-Side Economizer</a>, ENERGY STAR<sup>&#174;</sup></li>
<li><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/products/data_center_equipment/16-more-ways-cut-energy-waste-data-center/consider-water-side">Water-Side Economizer</a>, ENERGY STAR<sup>&#174;</sup></li>
<li><a href="https://baltimoreaircoil.com/download_api_endpoint/1198/j50_tr_freecooling_20150914.pdf">Minimizing energy costs with free cooling</a>, Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc.</li>
<li><a href="https://spxcooling.com/library/application-of-cooling-towers-for-free-cooling/">Application of Cooling Towers for Free Cooling</a>, SPX Cooling Technologies, Inc.</li>
</ul>
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<h1>{{ title }}</h1>

<p><a href="https://www.emsd.gov.hk/filemanager/sc/content_296/Prfrm_spcfctn-OnM_Clg_Twrs.pdf">Sample Specification for Procurement of Operation and Maintenance Services for Fresh Water Cooling Towers</a> by the Government of Hong Kong Electrical and Mechanical Services Department.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.emsd.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_2/Prfrm_spcfctn-OnM_Clg_Twrs.pdf">Sample Specification for Procurement of Operation and Maintenance Services for Fresh Water Cooling Towers</a> by the Government of Hong Kong Electrical and Mechanical Services Department.</p>
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<li>Redundancy in heating systems is needed to make up for short-term heating requirement.</li>
</ul>

<p>Refer to <a href="https://www.pge.com/includes/docs/pdfs/about/edusafety/training/pec/inforesource/thrmstor.pdf">Thermal Energy Storage Strategies for Commercial HVAC Systems</a> from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company for further information.</p>
<p>Refer to <a href="https://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/Thermal_Energy_Storage_Fact_Sheet_0.pdf">Thermal Energy Storage Overview</a> from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.</p>
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<p><a href="https://buildings.honeywell.com/content/dam/hbtbt/en/documents/downloads/67-7252_Case_Study.pdf">Integrating the Village of Boys Town—Making Boys Town Even Better: Efficiency and Energy Savings</a>, Honeywell
<br>Honeywell added centralized Web-enabled building controls on a 640-acre boys home in Omaha, Nebraska. This project included variable frequency drives with less than a 2-year payback.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/building-upgrade-manual">ENERGY STAR® Buildings Upgrade Manual</a>, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</p>
<p><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">ENERGY STAR® Buildings Upgrade Manual</a>, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</p>

<ul>
<li>"Big Savings from a VAV System Retrofit," Section 8, p. 16
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Expand Up @@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ <h3>RI 1: System Improvements</h3>
</td>
<td class="text-center">B</td>
<td class="text-center">
<a href="https://www.amca.org/publish/publications-and-standards/amca-publications/amca-publication-202-17-troubleshooting.html">AMCA 2017</a>, <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29166.pdf">DOE 2003</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">EPA 2008</a>
<a href="https://www.amca.org/publish/publications-and-standards/amca-publications/amca-publication-202-17-troubleshooting.html">AMCA 2017</a>, <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29166.pdf">DOE 2003</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">EPA 2008</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
Expand All @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ <h3>RI 2: Control/Motor Improvement Measures</h3>
With this logic, the pressure setpoint is slowly trimmed until a zone indicates that more pressure is required (i.e. damper is fully open), in which case the controller responds by bumping up the setpoint.
</td>
<td class="text-center">B</td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.ashrae.org/news/esociety/new-guideline-on-standardized-advanced-sequences-of-operation-for-common-hvac-systems">ASHRAE 2018</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">EPA 2008</a>, <a href="https://tayloreng.egnyte.com/dl/e1DzRUmHTl/ASHRAE_Journal_-_Trim_and_Respond.pdf_">Taylor 2015</a></td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.ashrae.org/news/esociety/new-guideline-on-standardized-advanced-sequences-of-operation-for-common-hvac-systems">ASHRAE 2018</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">EPA 2008</a>, <a href="https://tayloreng.egnyte.com/dl/e1DzRUmHTl/ASHRAE_Journal_-_Trim_and_Respond.pdf_">Taylor 2015</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Implement automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD)</strong><br>
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Consider installing a VFD controller or other form of variable speed motor control. Control of the variable speed motor and damper position are very important to ensure proper ventilation therefore consultation is suggested when deciding about purchasing a VFD or variable speed motor. Average energy savings have been reported at 52% by installing a VFD on commercial HVAC motors.
</td>
<td class="text-center">B</td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/02/f8/Motor%20Energy%20Savings%20Potential%20Report%202013-12-4.pdf">DOE 2013</a>, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_handbook_web.pdf">DOE 2014a</a>, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_sourcebook_web.pdf">DOE 2014b,</a> <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">EPA 2008</a>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/02/f8/Motor%20Energy%20Savings%20Potential%20Report%202013-12-4.pdf">DOE 2013</a>, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_handbook_web.pdf">DOE 2014a</a>, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_sourcebook_web.pdf">DOE 2014b,</a> <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">EPA 2008</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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Notched belts run cooler, have longer durability, and run with an efficiency of ~97% compared to a peak of 95% for V-belts. Synchronous belts operate at ~98% efficiency over a wider load range, need minimal maintenance and can operate in wet/oily environments. However, they transfer more vibrations, are sometimes noisier than V-belts and less suited for shock-load applications.
</td>
<td class="text-center">A</td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">EPA 2008</a>, <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61448.pdf"> GSA 2014</a></td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">EPA 2008</a>, <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61448.pdf"> GSA 2014</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Expand All @@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ <h3>RI 4: Fan Improvement Measures</h3>
If it is possible to lower the fan speed, substantial reductions in power consumption are possible. Fan power consumption has nearly a cubed relationship to fan speed. For example, reducing the fan speed by 5% equates to almost 15% reduction in fan power. The entire system needs to be analyzed to ensure that no adverse effects occur to airflow and ventilation, before attempting to lower fan speed.
</td>
<td class="text-center">A-B</td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29166.pdf"> DOE 2003</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">EPA 2008</a></td>
<td class="text-center"><a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/29166.pdf"> DOE 2003</a>, <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">EPA 2008</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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<li>DOE 2014a. <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_handbook_web.pdf">Premium Efficiency Motor Selection and Application Guide: A Handbook for Industry</a>. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO), Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy.</li>
<li>DOE 2014b. <a href="https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f15/amo_motors_sourcebook_web.pdf">Improving Motor and Drive System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry</a>. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO): U.S. Department of Energy; February, 2014b.</li>
<li>EDR 2009. <a href="https://tayloreng.egnyte.com/dl/jzNGKhmF1C/EDR_VAV_Guide.pdf_">Advanced Variable Air Volume VAV System Design Guide</a>. Energy Design Resources. </li>
<li>EPA. 2008. ENERGY STAR <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/buildings/tools-and-resources/energy-star-building-upgrade-manual-chapter-8-air-distribution-systems">Building Manual Chapter 8: Air Distribution Systems</a>. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Administration. </li>
<li>EPA. 2008. ENERGY STAR <a href="https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/buildings/tools/EPA_BUM_Full.pdf">Building Manual Chapter 8: Air Distribution Systems</a>. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Administration. </li>
<li>GSA 2014. <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy14osti/61448.pdf">Synchronous and Cogged Belt Performance Assessment</a>. GSA Proving Ground Findings. Washington, DC: General Services Administration. </li>
<li>Modera, M. 2005. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291572887_Fixing_duct_leaks_in_commercial_buildings">Fixing Duct Leaks in Commercial Buildings</a>. ASHRAE Journal, June 2005. Atlanta, GA: ASHRAE.</li>
<li>NREL 2015. <a href="https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/82173.pdf">Field Test Best Practices: Air flow.</a> NREL Buildings Research. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory</li>
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