Add optimized version of DijkstraAlgorithm

[likespro]

Speed up Dijkstra Algorithm by using another Dijkstra variant that is generally faster.

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 95.83333% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 73.55%. Comparing base (7ec5d24) to head (45d2e76).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...astructures/graphs/DijkstraOptimizedAlgorithm.java	95.83%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #6088      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     73.52%   73.55%   +0.03%     
- Complexity     5099     5108       +9     
============================================
  Files           657      658       +1     
  Lines         17625    17649      +24     
  Branches       3393     3396       +3     
============================================
+ Hits          12959    12982      +23     
  Misses         4165     4165              
- Partials        501      502       +1     

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[siriak]

Could you add this as a separate optimized implementation? Both are good. The proposed one is faster, but the original one is simpler and easier to understand.

[likespro]

Could you add this as a separate optimized implementation? Both are good. The proposed one is faster, but the original one is simpler and easier to understand.

I added this implementation as a separate one.

[siriak]

Looks good, thanks!