chore(cli): log SDK calls when using -vvv

[rix0rrr]

(This work came out of the proxy issue research)

The logging of what SDK calls were being performed was lost during the migration of SDKv2 -> SDKv3. Add it back.

Also in this PR:

• Set a timeout on npm view; if for network isolation reasons NPM can't connect to the server, it will make the CLI hang for a minute.
• Work around an issue where the CLI entirely fails if it is run as a user that doesn't have a home directory.

Closes #32306.

---

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license

[rix0rrr]

Still a Draft because I'm not happy with how the messages are being formatted; there is too much detail in them as they include the entire API call payloads and responses (including somewhat-sensitive information).

But creating a PR already anyway because I want to store this code somewhere safe.

[aws-cdk-automation]

The pull request linter has failed. See the aws-cdk-automation comment below for failure reasons. If you believe this pull request should receive an exemption, please comment and provide a justification.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 27.08333% with 35 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 77.12%. Comparing base (6c0f74e) to head (7fc7c9a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #32308      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   77.46%   77.12%   -0.35%     
==========================================
  Files         105      106       +1     
  Lines        7168     7209      +41     
  Branches     1314     1323       +9     
==========================================
+ Hits         5553     5560       +7     
- Misses       1433     1467      +34     
  Partials      182      182              

Flag	Coverage Δ
suite.unit	77.12% <27.08%> (-0.35%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
packages/aws-cdk	77.12% <27.08%> (-0.35%)	⬇️

[aws-cdk-automation]

The pull request linter fails with the following errors:

❌ CLI code has changed. A maintainer must run the code through the testing pipeline (git fetch origin pull/32308/head && git push -f origin FETCH_HEAD:test-main-pipeline), then add the 'pr-linter/cli-integ-tested' label when the pipeline succeeds.

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If you would like to request an exemption from the status checks or clarification on feedback, please leave a comment on this PR containing Exemption Request and/or Clarification Request.

[aws-cdk-automation]

AWS CodeBuild CI Report

• CodeBuild project: AutoBuildv2Project1C6BFA3F-wQm2hXv2jqQv
• Commit ID: 7fc7c9a
• Result: SUCCEEDED
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